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Counseling
Q:
Narrative therapists pay significant attention to a client's past as it helps them understand the origins of client's stories.
Q:
A behavior therapist makes use of the technique of open-ended questioning for the purpose of
obtaining important information related to the client's problem.
Q:
Expanding awareness is:
a. a basic goal of existential therapy.
b. possible only with a few clients.
c. not given emphasis in existential therapy.
d. limited by our unconscious resistance.
Q:
Which statement is false as it applies to reality therapy?
a. The focus is on observable behavior.
b. A commitment is an essential part of therapy.
c. There is a focus on getting clients to re-author their stories.
d. The therapist needs to establish an involvement with the client.
e. The past is not explored in this approach.
Q:
Narrative therapy is not well-suited to multicultural counseling.
Q:
Some researchers believe that fear of flying may be due primarily to claustrophobia.
Q:
In a group based on existential principles, clients learn:
a. that there are no ultimate answers for ultimate concerns.
b. to view themselves through others' eyes.
c. to come to terms with the paradoxes of existence.
d. that pain is a reality of the human experience.
e. all of these.
Q:
Which of the following statements about EMDR is not true?
a. Therapists should not use this procedure unless they receive proper training and supervision from an authorized EMDR instructor.
b. Some evidence indicates that the eye movement component of EMDR may not be integral to the treatment.
c. Controlled studies of EMDR demonstrate that this approach to treating trauma clearly outperforms no treatment and achieves similar or superior results as other methods.
d. EMDR consists of three basic phases involving hypnosis, targeted eye movement exercises, and debriefing.
Q:
The use of techniques is fundamental in narrative therapy.
Q:
A trend in contemporary behavior therapy is the increased emphasis on the role of thinking and "self-talk" as a factor in behavior.
Q:
Which technique is considered essential in existential therapy?
a. free association
b. analysis of resistance
c. analysis of dysfunctional family patterns
d. role playing
e. none of these
Q:
Which of the following approaches is not easily applied to group counseling?
a. Adlerian therapy
b. existential therapy
c. Gestalt therapy
d. feminist therapy
e. none of the above
Q:
The postmodern philosophy suggests that reality and truth are objective and clearly defined.
Q:
Modeling methods have been used in treating people with snake phobias and in teaching new behaviors to socially disturbed children.
Q:
According to the existential viewpoint, death:
a. makes life absurd.
b. makes life meaningless and hopeless.
c. gives significance to living.
d. should not be explored in therapy.
Q:
The customer-type relationship is associated with:
a. Adlerian therapy.
b. existential therapy.
c. solution-focused brief therapy.
d. family systems therapy.
e. dialectical behavior therapy.
Q:
Narrative therapy has been effectively applied in school settings.
Q:
Behavior therapy has been successfully used with developmentally delayed clients.
Q:
The central issue in existential therapy is:
a. freedom and responsibility.
b. resistance.
c. transference.
d. examining irrational beliefs.
Q:
Which therapy approach holds that the stories people live by grow out of conversations in a social and cultural context?
a. person-centered therapy
b. existential therapy
c. Adlerian therapy
d. solution-focused therapy
e. narrative therapy
Q:
The founder(s) of narrative therapy is (are):
a. Michael White and David Epston.
b. Insoo Kim Berg and Steve de Shazer.
c. Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck.
d. Donald Meichenbaum.
e. Albert Bandura.
Q:
Modeling is a form of systematic desensitization.
Q:
Philosophically, the existentialists would agree that:
a. the final decisions and choices rest with the client.
b. people redefine themselves by their choices.
c. a person can go beyond early conditioning.
d. making choices can create anxiety.
e. all of these.
Q:
Exploration of polarities is a technique used in ________.
a. cognitive-behavior therapy
b. family systems therapy
c. Adlerian therapy
d. existential therapy
e. Gestalt therapy
Q:
The founder(s) of solution-focused brief therapy is (are):
a. Michael White and David Epston.
b. Insoo Kim Berg and Steve de Shazer.
c. Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck.
d. Donald Meichenbaum.
e. Albert Bandura.
Q:
Some counselors feel behavior therapy is too focused on symptoms and not causes of problems.
Q:
Which of the following was not part of Stan's work in existential therapy?
a. Challenging his feelings of loneliness.
b. Working on his inauthentic relationship with his siblings.
c. Confronting his responsibility for his drug and alcohol use.
d. Exploring Stan's human potential.
Q:
Process and outcome studies on therapeutic effectiveness have been conducted primarily by those who subscribe to:
a. postmodern therapy.
b. reality therapy.
c. behavior therapy.
d. person-centered therapy.
e. both (c) and (d)
Q:
Which is not a major contribution of the postmodern approaches?
a. the non-pathologizing stance.
b. the optimistic orientation.
c. the course of treatment is quite short compared to other approaches.
d. research on these approaches is considered empirically generalizable.
Q:
Systematic desensitization typically includes the use of relaxation procedures.
Q:
Existential therapy is best considered as:
a. an approach to understanding humans.
b. a school of therapy.
c. a system of techniques designed to create authentic humans.
d. a strategy for uncovering dysfunctional behavior.
Q:
Which of the following statements about existential therapy is false?
a. Existential therapy is primarily aimed at working through the transference relationship.
b. Existential therapy is subjective in nature.
c. Existential therapy encourages clients to act on what they know and learn about themselves in therapy.
d. Existential therapy deals with such matters as anxiety, guilt, and freedom.
e. Existential therapy is aimed at helping clients make a commitment in the face of uncertainty.
Q:
A limitation of the postmodern approaches is:
a. therapists require extensive training in providing brief therapy.
b. inexperienced therapists may over rely on techniques and appear mechanistic.
c. the use of open-ended questioning.
d. its lack of applicability to group counseling.
Q:
Albert Bandura is credited with originally developing the progressive relaxation procedure.
Q:
Which is not an essential aim of existential-humanistic therapy?
a. to help clients become more present to both themselves and others
b. to assist clients in identifying ways they block themselves from fuller presence
c. to dispute clients' irrational beliefs.
d. to challenge clients to assume responsibility for designing their present lives
e. to encourage clients to choose more expanded ways of being in their daily lives.
Q:
According to Carl Rogers, effective therapy does not need to include ______.
a. diagnosis.
b. therapist interpretation.
c. active intervention of a directive nature by the therapist.
d. giving information or giving advice.
e. all of the above
Q:
The creation of the self, which dominated the modernist search for human essence and truth:
a. is being replaced by postmodernists with the concept of socially storied lives.
b. is also a key concept of the postmodern approaches.
c. is more relevant in the narrative approach than it is in solution-oriented therapy.
d. has proven to be completely irrelevant to all counselors and therapists practicing today.
Q:
Which is not true of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)?
a. The approach was formulated for treating borderline personality disorders.
b. DBT emphasizes the importance of the client/therapist relationship.
c. DBT incorporates mindfulness training and Zen practices.
d. DBT is a blend of Adlerian concepts and behavioral techniques.
e. DBT relies on empirical data to support its effectiveness.
Q:
The British scholar working to develop training programs in existential therapy is:
a. Rollo May.
b. Irvin Yalom.
c. Emmy van Deurzen.
d. J. Michael Russell.
Q:
Which of the following notions do the feminist, postmodern, and person-centered approaches share in common?
a. the belief that the client is the expert on his or her life
b. the importance of interpretation of dreams
c. their stance on diagnosis
d. both (a) and (c)
e. all of the above
Q:
Narrative therapists pay attention to "sparkling events." These are:
a. moments when the client feels exhilarated.
b. events that contradict problem-saturated narratives.
c. times when significant others give the client unconditional love.
d. events characterized by a striving to overcome barriers.
e. stories the client shares that are too good to be true, and in fact, prove to be gross exaggerations of the truth.
Q:
Third-generation behavior therapies have been developed that center around five interrelated core themes. Which of these is not one of the core themes?
a. an expanded view of psychological health
b. a broad view of acceptable outcomes in therapy
c. acceptance
d. a more precise focus on psychopathology
e. creating a life worth living
Q:
Finding the "courage to be" involves:
a. confronting a specific phobia.
b. learning to be alone.
c. discarding old values.
d. developing a will to move forward despite fears.
e. all of these.
Q:
Which of the following approaches does not place emphasis on homework outside of therapy sessions?
a. cognitive behavioral therapy
b. behavior therapy
c. reality therapy
d. psychoanalytic therapy
e. both (b) and (c)
Q:
Narrative therapists attempt to do all of the following except:
a. engage people in deconstructing problem-saturated stories.
b. discover preferred directions and new possibilities.
c. create new stories.
d. encourage free association.
Q:
EMDR is typically used to help clients:
a. restructure their cognitions regarding traumatic events.
b. explore repressed unconscious material from early childhood.
c. facilitate the client's expression of personal needs while in relationship with others.
d. reduce anxiety related to specific phobias.
Q:
The basic goal of existential psychotherapy is:
a. to expand self-awareness.
b. to increase choice potentials.
c. to help clients accept the responsibility of choosing.
d. to help the client experience authentic existence.
e. all of these
Q:
In working with a client, a solution-focused therapist would be least likely to use which of the following techniques?a. co-create new solutions with the clientb. explore problems transmitted from generation to generationc. miracle questionsd. exception questionse. scaling questions
Q:
Students can ensure that they do not commit plagiarism by
a. using exact quotes from their sources rather than paraphrasing
b. using a website such as turnitincom to check their work before submitting it to the professor
c. putting everything into their own words so they don"t have to cite sources
d. rearranging the order of the words in a sentence written by a source that is being used
e. using only sources that anyone can find on the Internet
Q:
What do you think about counselors providing counseling services to clients via the Internet?
Q:
When a student and a professor co-author an article for publication in a professional journal
a. the student should be listed as the second author, after the professor
b. the student and professor should decide on the order of authorship credit before they begin working on the project
c. the professor should do most of the work because the professor has more experience with publishing
d. the professor should be listed as the first author, with the student second
e. the one who contributed the most to producing the article should the first-listed author
Q:
What are some of the primary benefits and problems that technology has brought to the counseling process?
Q:
Researchers are ethically obligated to
a. compensate the participants in their research, either monetarily or by an acknowledgment
b. attempt to publish their results
c. offer feedback to the participants in the study
d. enlist the help of a statistician to interpret the results
e. destroy all records that might identify participants as soon as the study is completed
Q:
Why should counselors consult with an attorney if they receive a subpoena?
Q:
Students do NOT have to cite the source for information when the information
a. is considered common knowledge
b. is paraphrased rather than directly quoted
c. was retrieved from a source on the Internet
d. they are quoting from a text their professor has authord
e. they are quoting from the text used in the course for which they are writing the assigned paper
Q:
Why is it important to carefully document events in emergency situations?
Q:
Plagiarism
a. is always just cause for expelling a student from a counselor training program
b. is summarizing a passage from another author's work without using quotation marks and giving the
source and page number where the passage was found
c. is difficult for professors to detect
d. is claiming the words and ideas of someone else as one's own
e. cannot be committed when the source of an idea is the Internet
Q:
Why should counselors keep records?
Q:
Most written materials are legally protected from the time they are created until _____ years after the author's death.
a. 5
b. 50
c. 200
d. 300
e. 500
Q:
What do you think should happen to clients' records after they die?
Q:
How would you respond if a client asked to see the notes you have taken related to his counseling sessions?
Q:
In regard to giving credit to contributors to research projects in published reports
a. a footnote is sufficient.
b. every person who contributed must be listed as a co-author.
c. the major professor of a dissertation study must be listed as first author.
d. appropriate credit must be given, but there are no firm rules.
e. individuals who were paid to assist do not have to be given any credit.
Q:
University committees that review research proposals to ensure that human participants are protected are called
a. bursars.
b. adjunct committees
c. institutional review boards.
d. promotion and tenure committees.
e. research councils.
Q:
Some studies have shown that clients are not very concerned about privacy or confidentiality when they seek counseling services. What do you think about such findings?
Q:
The practice of evaluating professors for tenure, promotion, and merit pay increases is based largely on their records of
a. grants brought into the university.
b. teaching effectiveness.
c. presenting at national conferences.
d. getting along well with other professors.
e. scholarly publications.
Q:
What do you think are the distinctions among the terms "privacy," "confidentiality," and "privileged communication?"
Q:
Under what circumstances do you think it would be acceptable to terminate counseling services to a client?
Q:
The requirement that universities establish committees to review research proposals to ensure that human participants are protected is
a. a state law in all states.
b. required by the U.S. Constitution.
c. voluntarily adhered to throughout the United States.
d. a federal law that carries with it the penalty of loss of federal funds if violated.
e. a federal law that makes it a crime to do otherwise.
Q:
Research participants
a. must be paid if their identities will be disclosed by the researcher.
b. must sign a document in front of a notary if they agree to waive their privacy.
c. generally are not guaranteed privacy.
d. have a right to expect to have their confidentialityprotected.
e. may never agree to have their name disclosed by a researcher.
Q:
.What kinds of information do you think clients need, in order to be able to give their fully informed consent to enter into a counseling relationship? When does the information given become too much information so that it inhibits clients from entering into counseling relationships?
Q:
Concealing from individuals that they are being studied and deceiving individuals with false information during a study
a. are forbidden by codes of ethics.
b. are sensitive areas and researchers must take care to insure that participants are not harmed when such activities take place.
c. require that participants be paid.
d. could be used as a basis to revoke a counselor's license.
e. are activities that would never be undertaken by professional researchers because studies can always be completed without resorting to such negative tactics.
Q:
2.Do you believe a counselor should be allowed to refuse to provide counseling services to some
groups of people who request them? If so, which groups and in what circumstances?
Q:
Before students agree to serve as research assistants, counselor educators should discuss and provide
a. assurance that those who decline to participate will not be penalized.
b. a clarification of expectations regarding who will do which parts of the work.
c. an agreement regarding the type of acknowledgment students will receive when the research is published.
d. a time-line to complete the various tasks.
e. all of the above.
Q:
When a client holds values that conflict with the counselor's values, can the counselor provide effective counseling services? Why or why not?
Q:
When children are participants in a research study
a. consent is needed from their parents only.
b. there is no need to obtain informed consent from the children because they are unable to give legal consent.
c. even though parental consent is legally sufficient, the assent of the children should be obtained as well.
d. obtaining the consent of children would be unwise because it would alert children that they are being studied and they would then behave differently.
e. informed consent is not required because children are too young to understand.
Q:
How can you ensure that you are competent to provide counseling services to the culturally diverse clients who may seek your assistance?
Q:
It is ethically questionable for a university professor to
a. conduct a research project with a student.
b. supervise the research activities of a student.
c. require a student to participate in a research project.
d. co-present with a student at a professional conference.
e. write a letter of recommendation for a job for a student with whom he or she has conducted a research study.
Q:
In what ways is cultural competence an ethical issue?
Q:
A difference between consultation and counseling is that
a. consultation is a mandated activity, whereas counseling is usually sought voluntarily
b. consultants provide indirect services to clients, whereas counseling is a direct service
c. consultation involves a relationship among equals and does not involve a power differential
d. consultation focuses on work relationships, whereas counseling focuses on personal and interpersonal relationships
e. confidentiality is not an issue in consultation, while it is a primary concern in counseling
Q:
What does the term "culturally competent counselor" mean to you?