Q&A Hero

Q: In April 1998, what did the Supreme Court decide in regard to constitutional challenges that claimed that the Sexual Offender Registration and Notification Act's notification requirements represented an unconstitutional added punishment? a. They agreed and overturned them. b. They rejected the argument and retained the laws. c. They decided to compromise and only register those offenders who voluntarily agreed to be listed as a term of their parole. d. They disagreed and resentenced all sex offenders to a "life" parole.

Q: Which law finally required states to release any relevant information about registered sex offenders necessary to maintain and protect public safety, and allows disclosure of information collected under a state registration program for any purpose permitted under the laws of the state? a. Jacob's Law b. Megan's Law c. Jon Benet Ramsey Law d. Little Lindbergh Law

Q: The Supreme Court has clarified its limitation on civil commitments, saying that there must be a. proof of physical or chemical castration. b. proof of an offender's serious difficulty in controlling his behavior. c. a statement under oath that the offender promises not to reoffend. d. concurrent registration for life of any sex offender.

Q: What method has been used with sexual offenders in 16 states amid widespread controversy? a. medical castration b. chemical castration c. civil commitment d. the death penalty

Q: The success of blind reporting hinges on a. whether trust can be established between the victim and the investigator. b. whether the victim is willing to prosecute. c. the investigator's willingness to accept a blind report. d. whether the victim is willing to commit immediately to an investigation.

Q: Certain offenders are likely to be obsessed with keeping trophies and recordings of their assaults, and therefore any search warrant applications in such cases should include photographs, records, scripts, letters, diaries, audiotapes, videotapes and newspaper reports of the crime. These offenders are called a. serial killers. b. sexual sadists. c. mass murderers. d. lone wolf killers.

Q: Sexual penetration refers to an intrusion into a victim's a. anal opening. b. genital opening. c. mouth. d. any of these choices.

Q: The main side effect of Rohypnol is a. nausea. b. amnesia. c. drowsiness. d. aggression.

Q: Rapists are often divided into two categories: ________ rapists and ________ rapists. a. anger, pleasure b. anger, power c. pain, pleasure d. aggravated, simple

Q: In a sexual assault case, it is best that the interviewer of the victim a. always be a male officer. b. always be a female officer. c. be an officer who is the same gender as the victim. d. be a police officer with the proper training and attitude.

Q: Statutory rape is a. sexual intercourse under threat of force. b. the rape of a spouse. c. any sex act that violates a state statute, regardless of mutual consent. d. sexual intercourse with a minor.

Q: The pleasure of complete domination over another person is what drives the a. masochist. b. exhibitionist. c. sadist. d. voyeur.

Q: A common "date rape" drug is a. aspirin. b. morphine. c. Rohypnol. d. mescaline.

Q: In what type of interview do you carefully question the victim about the rapist's behavior, analyze the behavior to ascertain the motivation underlying the assault and then compile a profile of the individual likely to have committed the crime? a. sexual predator profile b. victim's behavioral interview c. latent sexuality probe d. behavior-oriented interview

Q: The element of sexual assault most difficult to prove in court is a. the act of sexual intercourse. b. that the act was committed with a person other than a spouse. c. that the act was committed without the consent of the victim. d. that the act was committed against the victim's will and by force.

Q: When arriving at the scene of a rape case, officers should look for a. evidence of a struggle. b. stained or torn clothing. c. semen and bloodstains. d. all of these choices.

Q: The largest number of people illegally trafficked into the United States are from a. Mexico and Central America. b. eastern Europe and Russia. c. east Asia and the Pacific. d. South America.

Q: Acknowledging the severe and dangerous nature of drug-assisted sexual assaults, the Drug-Induced Rape Prevention and Punishment Act, signed in 1996, allows courts to impose prison sentences up to __________ on anyone who distributes an illicit drug to someone intending to commit sexual assault. a. 5 years b. 10 years c. 20 years d. Life

Q: The key distinction between human trafficking and smuggling lies in a. the international implications. b. the need for labor. c. the individual's freedom of choice. d. government collusion.

Q: A particularly difficult type of sexual assault is date rape, sometimes called a. acquaintance rape. b. social rape. c. fraternal rape. d. sexual battery.

Q: How would you recognize abuse indicators, known as forensic markers, on an elderly abuse victim who is a resident in a long-term care facility?

Q: Describe the relation between the terms battery and assault.

Q: Define domestic violence.

Q: Describe the special challenges posed by elder abuse or dependent adult investigations.

Q: Discuss the impact of a poor response or no-response policy to domestic violence cases. What happened in the Tracy Thurman case that highlighted the need for mandated responses?

Q: Where did the term "rule of thumb" originate and what effect did it have on early domestic violence cases?

Q: Describe some of the special challenges in investigating assaults.

Q: Describe the differences between simple and aggravated assault.

Q: List five signs of physical abuse of the elderly and five questions law enforcement officers might ask to determine whether a person is the victim of such abuse.

Q: Describe how GPS technology is being used to enforce restraining orders.

Q: What makes stalking such a unique crime?

Q: Compare and contrast the use of mandatory arrest policies for domestic abuse with alternatives to arrest policies. What have studies found in comparing the two issues?

Q: What are first actions that an officer should take upon arriving at the scene of an assault?

Q: Describe cyberstalking and how it has grown exponentially in the last few years.

Q: What are some of the indicators of financial abuse of the elderly?

Q: ____________ violence is a pattern of behavior involving physical, sexual, economic and emotional abuse, alone or in combination, by an intimate partner, often to establish and maintain power and control over the other partner.

Q: In general, any ____________ that would lead an officer to make an arrest in any other situation also applies to domestic situations.

Q: For an act to be considered an assault, ____________ to do bodily harm to another must be proved.

Q: Simple assault must involve the commission of a(n) ____________ act towards carrying out the intention.

Q: The initial phase of the three-phase cycle of violence is referred to as the ____________ phase.

Q: Love ____________ stalkers have no prior relationship with their victim but become fixated on that person, often a celebrity, believing they belong together.

Q: When investigating assault, the investigator should ____________ the victim's information with physical evidence.

Q: The ____________ of assault include the intent to cause injury, the severity of the injury inflicted and whether a dangerous weapon was used.

Q: Cruelty toward ____________ is often a predictor of abuse or violent behavior.

Q: When responding to cases of domestic violence, officers should wait for ___________ prior to entering the scene.

Q: More women than men are victims of stalking.

Q: The use of restraining orders for stalkers has not proven to be very effective.

Q: Full faith and credit is a provision of the Violence Against Women Act of 1994.

Q: Research supports a connection between animal cruelty as a child and domestic violence as an adult.

Q: Computer technology is used to harass approximately 50 percent of all stalking victims.

Q: In some states, the police themselves can issue an emergency protective order in domestic violence cases.

Q: Some stalking laws are more prohibitive and require that specific threats, or credible threats, must be made to the victim.

Q: Research has found that children who witness abuse or are abused themselves are more likely to abuse a spouse or child when they become adults.

Q: Self-neglect is a form of elder abuse in many states.

Q: A restraining order issued in one county may not be valid in the next county.

Q: The first antistalking laws were passed in Massachusetts in 2005.

Q: Women constitute the offenders in nearly one eighth of all family violence incidents.

Q: In some instances, teachers and bus drivers are allowed to use reasonable physical force.

Q: Some states now require an offender who violates a domestic order of protection to wear a global positioning system (GPS) monitoring device.

Q: The term elder abuse applies to the physical and emotional abuse, financial exploitation and general neglect of the elderly.

Q: Establishing that an act was an attempted assault requires proof of intent along with ability to commit the crime.

Q: Officers should not disregard the victim as a potential attacker in a domestic violence case.

Q: Research has shown that law enforcement agencies are placing a higher priority on responding to domestic violence calls.

Q: An assault committed in self-defense is legal and justifiable.

Q: Although the majority of abuse victims are women, women may also perpetrate domestic violence.

Q: Current or former spouses, opposite-sex cohabiting partners, same-sex cohabiting partners and even dating relationships may all be described using which of the following terms. a. intimate partners b. cycle of intimacy c. offender-partner cycle d. life partner cycle

Q: The type of weapon used most frequently in domestic violence cases is a. a firearm. b. furniture. c. a blunt object. d. a knife or sharp object.

Q: Which of the following is not a form of elder abuse? a. abandonment b. self-neglect c. verbal threats d. failure to resuscitate

Q: By the year 2000, how many domestic violence cases resulted in arrests? a. 10 percent b. 50 percent c. 15 percent d. 60 percent

Q: Which of the following is not a type of stalker? a. intimate or former intimate partner b. stranger c. simple obsessional and love obsessional d. autoerotic

Q: Batterer intervention programs (BIPs) have found that batterer rehabilitation is significantly affected by what the offender actually has to lose, for example, home ownership, employment and marriage. These variables are referred to as the offender's a. stake in conformity. b. natural selection. c. family code model. d. cycle of recovery.

Q: Which of the following has proved to be effective in a coordinated approach and seems best suited to dealing with the continuous cycle of domestic violence? a. long sentences b. specialized units within police departments and prosecutors' offices c. large fines and jail terms d. mandatory GPS tracking

Q: Studies have shown that the ties between __________ and violence are unmistakable and that this type of behavior is a predictor of abusive or violent behavior. a. property crimes b. abuse or cruelty to animals c. elder abuse d. fraud and embezzlement

Q: Historically, officers are more likely to be assaulted while responding to what type of calls? a. robbery b. domestic violence c. elder abuse d. homicide

Q: The dynamics of same-sex domestic violence are similar to those of opposite-sex domestic violence in many respects. Which of the following statements is not true? a. The cause is cyclical, escalates over time and maintains a commonality in characteristics of batterers. b. When the law enforcement response to domestic violence incidents involving heterosexual and same-sex couples is compared, it is noted that the couples receive similar treatment. c. Same-sex victims rarely are afforded the same protection as heterosexuals. d. Same-sex victims are always afforded the same protection as heterosexuals.

Q: The term in loco parentis refers to the fact that a. one form of domestic violence is when parents abuse their children. b. some abusers were victims of abuse at the hands of their own parents. c. teachers are allowed to use force to maintain discipline. d. none of these choices.

Q: Elder abuse is a. almost always reported. b. reported about half the time. c. severely underreported. d. always a social service concern, not a law enforcement issue.

Q: The majority of stalking cases are categorized as ____________ stalking. a. acquaintance b. stranger c. cyber d. intimate or former intimate

Q: Over time, the three-stage cycle of abuse (or violence) typically a. increases in frequency. b. increases in severity. c. increases in both severity and frequency. d. decreases in both severity and frequency.

Q: Which of the following is not true about "battered-woman syndrome"? a. It is based on the concept of duress. b. It results from the cycle of violence. c. It may be used as a court defense for women who murder their abusers. d. It is a myth.