Q&A Hero

Q: Describe the difference between an admission, a confession and an adoptive admission.

Q: Under what conditions can a juvenile be used as an informant?

Q: Outline the various scientific aids available to law enforcement for obtaining and evaluating information.

Q: What is a fusion center?

Q: Briefly discuss some of the approaches an officer can use in an interrogation.

Q: Of what value is the FBI's National Crime Information Center (NCIC) to investigators?

Q: What are pen registers and how are they useful to investigators?

Q: Describe a cognitive interview.

Q: How should an investigator evaluate and corroborate information learned in interviews or interrogations?

Q: What differences may arise in interviewing juveniles versus adults?

Q: A(n) ____________ is the process of questioning those suspected of direct or indirect involvement in a crime.

Q: The ____________ interview method is especially effective for obtaining information from victims and witnesses who have difficulty remembering an event.

Q: The ____________ measures respiration and depth of breathing, changes in the skin's electrical resistance, and blood pressure and pulse.

Q: A(n) ____________ question is to the point and limits the possibility of misinterpretation.

Q: Belittling a suspect is often effective, and is referred as ____________ their ego.

Q: The "question first" technique is also known as ________________.

Q: The Miranda warning informs suspects of their _________ Amendment rights.

Q: ____________ is the capacity to accurately perceive and respond to another person's thoughts and feelings. It is an active process rather than a passive experience.

Q: A(n) ____________ is anyone who can provide information about a case but who is not a complainant, witness, victim or suspect.

Q: The ____________ Amendment states that "[N]o person shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself."

Q: Officers may legally use deception during interviews.

Q: Profilers are occasionally used by law enforcement.

Q: Truth serums are commonly used in criminal cases by the police

Q: Hypnosis has been universally accepted by the courts.

Q: Polygraph results are admissible in court under some specific conditions.

Q: The Miranda warning is not required during questioning by a private citizen who is not an agent of the government.

Q: The ultimate goals of interviewing and interrogating are to identify those responsible for a crime and to eliminate the innocent from suspicion.

Q: During interrogation, it is permissible to tell a suspect that an accomplice has already confessed, when this is actually untrue.

Q: It is especially advantageous to officers to question someone suspected of involvement in a crime right after the crime has occurred.

Q: The Sixth Amendment right to counsel applies to anyone who is questioned by the police.

Q: Interrogatory deception is a valuable tool for investigators.

Q: Information obtained through the use of truth serums is recognized by the courts as reliable and is admissible, provided a court order was obtained before the suspect received the serum.

Q: Since eyewitness testimony is not always reliable, it is generally regarded as irrelevant to investigating and prosecuting a case.

Q: Sympathy and empathy are the same.

Q: Emotional barriers to communication include fear, anger, ingrained attitudes and prejudices, and the instinct for self-preservation.

Q: When conducting an interrogation, officers should seek a place where the individual will likely feel the most stress.

Q: The Miranda warning advises suspects of their Fourth Amendment rights.

Q: When at a crime scene, interview all witnesses together so that they can give an overall picture of the crime.

Q: Once a suspect has confessed, the investigation should be ended and all of the facts presented to the prosecuting attorney.

Q: Audio and video recordings are being used more widely as evidence.

Q: Some research has found that the incidence of false confessions is a. directly related to the use of illegal, third-degree tactics. b. due to the incorrect use of the Miranda warning. c. lower when the suspect has no accomplices in the crime. d. higher than many believe and exacerbated by certain interrogation tactics.

Q: Which has been shown to be an effective interview technique to uncover lies? a. recording and videotaping the interview b. repetition c. appealing to reason d. projecting the blame

Q: Which of the following is a characteristic of an effective interviewer/interrogator?a. optimistic b. confident c. sensitived. all of these choices

Q: Which of the following statements about witnesses is false? a. Witnesses are often more confident in their knowledge of what happened than they are accurate. b. Witnesses rarely withhold information or provide it for ulterior motives, which is why officers can trust them as a source of information. c. What witnesses think they see is a function of what they expected to see, what they wanted to see and what they actually saw. d. Many witnesses see only a part of the commission of a crime but testify as though they witnessed the entire event.

Q: Which of the following can be used to simultaneously monitor call activity on several lines?a. a pen register b. a dialed number recorder c. an inventory tracking systemd. caller ID

Q: Information or data is not intelligence. Information needs which component to become intelligence? a. statistics b. computers c. analysis d. data

Q: Which of the following is not a recommended interrogation technique? a. minimizing the crime b. forcing responses c. inflating the ego d. none of these choices

Q: Under the Bruton rule, which resulted from Bruton v. United States (1968), a defendant's Sixth Amendment right to confront and cross-examine witnesses against him or her is violated if a. the defendant recants a confession. b. the defendant waives Miranda rights. c. a confessing defendant's statement is used against a nonconfessing defendant at their joint trial. d. the witnesses recant.

Q: In Miranda v. Arizona, who won the ultimate appeal and why? a. Miranda, because he had been beaten to confess b. Miranda, because his rights had not been explained to him properly c. Arizona, because the police had admonished Miranda properly d. Arizona, because Miranda voluntarily confessed

Q: To be valid in court, a confession must always be a. written. b. voluntary. c. an admission. d. witnessed by two or more people.

Q: What may be used to help a victim or witness recall an incident? a. hypnosis b. electroshock therapy c. brain stimulation d. psychics

Q: Which is not accepted by the courts as evidence? a. thermal imaging b. fingerprints c. DNA d. a polygraph

Q: When general, preliminary questioning occurs spontaneously on the street, it is called a a. field interview. b. cite interview. c. site interrogation. d. field citation.

Q: The fundamental distinction between the Fifth and Sixth Amendment right to counsel hinges on the issue of a. exigency. b. guilt. c. privacy. d. custody.

Q: If a public threat exists, questioning to reduce that threat may occur before the reading of the Miranda warning. Which case highlighted this issue? a. New York v. Quarles b. Mapp v. Ohio c. Lawson v. Kolender d. Arizona v. Mincey

Q: This type of interview technique calls for using a secluded, quiet place that is free of distractions. It is effective for obtaining information from victims and witnesses who are having difficulty remembering an event. a. reflective memory trips b. suppressed memory traps c. cognitive interview d. subliminal inflection

Q: To improve communication, a. ask complex questions that will confuse the suspect and make him or her more likely to tell the truth. b. stand so that the suspect can see more of you. c. use a public setting. d. prepare your questions and tactics in advance.

Q: Once a confession has been obtained, investigators should a. corroborate the confession using independent evidence. b. stop the investigation. c. let the confession prove the case. d. submit the case for prosecution based on the confession.

Q: The best place to interrogate a suspect is usually a. in the police vehicle. b. in the suspect's home. c. at the police department. d. while the suspect is on the job.

Q: People may volunteer information if approached correctly. Consequently, the following technique is useful to demonstrate when conducting an interview. a. developing rapport b. developing an intimate relationship c. using bribery and gratuities d. using flattery and guile

Q: When conducting an interview, you should a. interview all witnesses at once. b. give first consideration to eyewitnesses. c. give the Miranda warning first. d. interview the victim or complainant first.

Q: Which of the following questions is most direct? a. "Were you around the area of the corner of 5th and Main last night?" b. "Where were you last night?" c. "Did you assault George Smith at 5th and Main last night?" d. "Why did you assault George?"

Q: Two basic requirements for obtaining information are to a. listen and observe. b. listen and respond. c. observe and analyze. d. assess and evaluate.

Q: The ultimate goal of interviewing and interrogating is to a. identify the person who is to be arrested. b. identify those responsible for a crime and eliminate the innocent from suspicion. c. ensure proper punishment. d. eliminate the innocent.

Q: In addition to physical evidence, three primary sources of information are available: a. dispatchers, first responders and records clerks. b. reports, records and databases; people who are not suspects in a crime but know something of the crime; and suspects in the crime. c. reports, records and witnesses. d. snitches, rats and informants.

Q: What can the examination of human skeletal remains contribute to an investigation?

Q: Discuss how language analysis can contribute to an investigation.

Q: Describe the type of evidence that might be found at the scene of a hit-and-run. How should this evidence be collected?

Q: Briefly describe the differences between latent, visible and plastic fingerprints.

Q: Why did the jury seem to disregard the DNA evidence in the O.J. Simpson case, and what suggestions do you have for avoiding such problems?

Q: Why is the quality of a rolled fingerprint important?

Q: When would an investigator make use of an ultraviolet light?

Q: How should an investigator avoid contaminating evidence?

Q: List and describe the evidence that would be most helpful in showing that a specific person was at a scene.

Q: Describe the process of identifying and preserving the various types of fingerprints.

Q: Explain the difference between competent, material and relevant evidence.

Q: How is it possible to collect scent from a crime scene?

Q: Once evidence is discovered, photographed and sketched, it is ready for collecting. How could you collect several different items in order to best avoid cross-contamination?

Q: Describe the basic types of equipment that a department would need to process a crime scene.

Q: Discuss the difference between individual and class characteristics.