Q&A Hero

Q: A basic forensic theory which holds that objects that come in contact with each other always transfer material, however minute, to each other is referred to as Locard's principle of exchange.

Q: The media has a constitutional right to enter any crime scene to which the general public does not have access.

Q: The actions the first responders take at a crime scene have little to do with the value of the evidence for investigators and prosecutors.

Q: The use of a siren to speed the response to the scene by patrol officers or investigators is sometimes of value, but the siren may cause the offender to flee the scene.

Q: "Latent examination" refers to specialists trained in recording, identifying and interpreting the minutiae (minute details) of physical evidence, who usually work at crime scenes and in a crime lab.

Q: A fact is an action, an event, a circumstance or an actual thing done. In contrast, an inference is a process of reasoning by which a fact may be deduced.

Q: The best investigators follow their hunches, follow leads as they come in and attack cases with a random approach so as not to miss an important clue.

Q: Which process helps detectives use maps to understand the hunting patterns of serial criminals, to determine where these offenders might live and to identify offenders' next likely target?a. crime controls b. target hardening c. "bull's-eye" targetingd. crime mapping

Q: Which statement is not one of the components of CompStat? a. accurate and timely intelligence b. rapid deployment of resources c. effective tactics d. increase in arrests and convictions e. relentless follow-up and assessment

Q: Critical aspects of a successful investigation include thorough planning and preparation, efficient information management, a focus on effective communication and a. a competent medical examiner to analyze the physical evidence. b. advanced role definition and delineation of responsibilities. c. an understanding of the need for investigative productivity. d. a positive relationship with the prosecutor's office.

Q: A ____________ approach to case investigation involves using specialists in various fields from within a particular jurisdiction.a. multijurisdictional b. multidisciplinary c. Multipredictoryd. Multicriminalistic

Q: Securing the crime scene is a major responsibility of thea. dispatchers. b. forensic specialists. c. first officer(s) on the scene.d. field supervisor.

Q: At a death scene, which would not be of immediate concern?a. preserving the crime scene b. identifying the body c. identifying suspectsd. identifying witnesses

Q: What type of response time is necessary to increase the probability of arrest at the scene?a. one minute or less b. three to five minutes c. five to ten minutesd. any response within 15 minutes

Q: An inference is a. an assumption. b. a process of reasoning by which a fact may be deduced. c. an appropriate method of moving to the solution of the crime. d. an expectation of guilt.

Q: A fact is a. an action, an event, a circumstance or an actual thing done. b. a process of reasoning. c. an action based on the known facts. d. something that is known to all.

Q: A logical process of investigation includes a. delegating assigned tasks, deciding who completes the initial investigation and then turning the work over to the supervisor. b. interrogating witnesses, taking numerous photos at the scene of the crime, interviewing the suspect and taking accurate notes of the process. c. obtaining physical evidence legally, effectively interviewing witnesses, legally and effectively interrogating suspects, thoroughly developing leads and recording all details. d. developing, arresting and prosecuting a suspect.

Q: A criminal's modus operandi is the details of a. a criminal's multiple ordinance violations. b. how, when and where a criminal usually operates. c. a multiple regression analysis to determine the suspect's operating methods. d. a criminal's motive and opportunity.

Q: Because definitions of crimes and their penalties vary considerably depending on where they occur, investigators must be familiar with a. local ordinances, county ordinances and state statutes. b. zoning laws. c. geographical boundaries of the local area. d. all of these choices.

Q: Medical examiners and coroners' (ME/C) offices provide death investigation services locally and are responsible for what type of investigation of deaths? a. autopsies c. medicolegal b. crime scene reconstruction d. all of these choices

Q: Whose staff can provide information and advice to investigators about legal issues, search and seizure, warrants, confessions and admissibility of evidence?a. defense counsel b. ACLU c. prosecutord. federal task force

Q: The initial contact with law enforcement in a criminal investigation is usually made between a citizen and aa. patrol officer. b. civilian report taker. c. dispatcher.d. investigator.

Q: Determining the optimal case assignment load, determining what factors are needed to solve crimes and reducing the number of crimes assigned for investigations that cannot be solved are all ways to increasea. investigative productivity. b. an officer's workload. c. partnership with the community.d. data collection.

Q: Problem-oriented policing places a high value on new responses that are morea. task oriented. b. aggressive. c. preventive.d. assertive.

Q: The act of sifting through the mountains of available information to find the data that pertains to an investigator's case is referred to as a. data dumping. b. motion to allow discovery from defense. c. data banking. d. data mining.

Q: Crime mapping focuses on a. hot spots where crime occurs. b. developing leads through the use of city maps and districts. c. the use of maps to direct officers to the scene. d. triangulating cell phone usage with criminal activity.

Q: According to the text, when both the public and other professions within the justice system have unrealistic expectations of CSI abilities, law enforcement agencies are said to be suffering from what?a. Grissom effect b. TV syndrome c. CSI effectd. Peel disturbance

Q: In cases where officers were not able to complete the investigation for some reason, what may be required?a. redaction b. follow-up investigation c. motion to dismissd. waiver of a speedy trial

Q: Spontaneous statements uttered by a suspect at the time of a crime, concerning and closely related to actions involved in the crime, are referred to as what type of statements?a. in flagrante delicto b. exculpatory c. res gestaed. uttering

Q: According to the text, most cases that are lost are lost during what part of the investigation?a. in the first hour b. before the 911 call is ever made c. in the forensic labd. when witnesses recant testimony

Q: Which term describes a logical process in which a conclusion follows from specific facts? a. voir dire b. deductive reasoning c. circumstantial evidence d. Locard's principle of exchange e. latent investigations

Q: The Latin term that means "to track or trace" and that relates most closely with contemporary police investigations is a. nolo contendere. b. voir dire. c. vestigare. d. certiorari. e. subpoena.

Q: The media portrays the most successful crime fighters as armed civilians and elite rogue law enforcement officers.

Q: Media content lends support to preventive or rehabilitative criminal justice policies over punitive policies.

Q: The smug hack icon is the medias portrayal of which of the following criminal justice personnel? a. police b. prosecutors c. defense attorneys d. correction officers

Q: All of the following statements are true regarding media and social construction, EXCEPT __________________. a. Americas popular media sets the stage for how we understand crime. b. We spend more money trying to deal with the problem. c. Information about crime and justice flows in unabated content looping cycles. d. All of the above statements are true.

Q: The dominant crime-and-justice portrait shows that the most effective crime fighters are those who work within the criminal justice system, adhering to due process considerations.

Q: By constructing crime-and-justice reality, the media subtly affect crime-and-justice policies.

Q: One of the postulates that drive expectations about future media, crime, and justice interactions is that the media, more often than not, construct the criminal justice system and its people negatively and as ineffective; yet the cumulative effect is support for more police, more prisons, and more money for the criminal justice system.

Q: Future media scenarios must be considered due to the fact that the technologies and capabilities are already available.

Q: The social construction perspective prevents us from recognizing claims makers.

Q: The most common media portrait of criminality is that of a violent offender who hunts innocent victims.

Q: The media works on copycat crime as a trigger more than a rudder.

Q: The media has the capacity to influence criminal behavior with a widespread criminalizing effect.

Q: The medias role in terrorism is evolving primarily in reaction to __________. a. The internet b. Television news coverage c. Radio coverage d. Video games

Q: There are conflicting arguments regarding the medias effects on unwanted behaviors and public policies. Which of the following is the model of causality that concedes a statistical association between the media and some negative behaviors, but argues that the connection is due not to a causal relationship but to persons predisposed to certain behaviors seeking out particular types of media and concurrently behaving in ways similar to the behavior displayed in the media. Therefore, media can be safely ignored. a. Negligible cause model b. Nonlinear cause model c. Primary cause model d. Bidirectional cause model

Q: The forces which drive the media and continue the disparity between media-constructed reality of crime and the real world reality of crime and justice include all of the following EXCEPT ___________________. a. organizational b. commercial c. cultural d. individual

Q: Which type of media-driving force must show a profit regardless of the social effects, while encouraging redundancy and boundary pushing? a. organizational b. commercial c. cultural d. individual

Q: Which type of media-driving force comes into play in a wide-scale social acceptance of the media-generated predator criminal icon, which entertains and comforts us? a. organizational b. commercial c. cultural d. individual

Q: Media-driven social trends have moved us toward more open public institutions and enhanced scrutiny of public trends. As a result, new media have done all of the following EXCEPT ________________________. a. Increased the publics tolerance for surveillance b. Decreased media trial coverage c. Revealed previously low-visibility criminal justice events d. Increased the acceptance of media technology and entertainment formatting in crime and justice

Q: Media have changed the way people interact with each other. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT ________________________. a. The media experience is moving farther away from the direct personal experience. b. The full effects of interactive media will be significant in games that emulate the experiences of crime and violence. c. There is less direct, face-to-face conversation. d. There is more face-to-face-like communication via media technology.

Q: The future of crime-and-justice reality provides for differing scenarios. The scenario that frames a free-wheeling infotainment media which dominates the culture in a technologically resplendent journalism driven by an intrusive, near sadistic voyeurism is known as ________________. a. Surveillance b. Interactivity c. The crime and justice spectacle d. None of the above

Q: The future of crime-and-justice reality provides for differing scenarios. The scenario that portrays the commercial media as operating under heavy restrictions, with tight constraints on their ability to cover, comment on, and portray crime-and-justice issues and cases is known as ___________________. a. Surveillance b. Interactivity c. The crime and justice spectacle d. None of the above

Q: The single most significant social effect of media crime-and-justice content is on which of the following? a. Its effect on generating crime b. Its effect on criminal justice policies c. Its effect on behaviors d. None of the above

Q: Media generated performance crime can be traced to the early 20th century and the recording of torture and ritual humiliation of prisoners and hostages by governments and terrorist groups.

Q: Video games play the role of catalytic triggers in the formation of crime, not directly causing it but shaping its appearance.

Q: Offenders and predators are the only ones to have tapped the potential of new media.

Q: Cumulatively, the medias crime-and-justice content forwards the all of the following claims EXCEPT __________________. a. Crime fighters need more training and resources because they are not capable of solving crimes legally. b. Criminals can be rehabilitated in prison. c. Crime is a result of individual characteristics and is not related to social structure, racism, or poverty. d. The courts allow dangerous offenders to avoid guilt.

Q: Research suggests that the medias influence on criminality is an immediate concern due to all of the following considerations EXCEPT _________________. a. Media effects motivate terrorists. b. The media likely have more of a copycat effect on violent crime than property crime. c. People seeking notoriety imitate crimes. d. Violence-prone children and individuals who have difficulty distinguishing fact from fantasy are particularly at risk for aping media violence.

Q: All of the following statements regarding media-based anticrime efforts are true EXCEPT __________________. a. Anticrime efforts appear to be an effective means of disseminating information and influencing attitudes, but their ability to significantly affect behavior has not been established. b. Although useful in specific areas, media-based anticrime programs are not likely to significantly reduce the overall crime rate. c. Media-based anticrime programs can have significant immediate effects. d. Media-based anticrime programs can have significant long-term effects.

Q: New media bring new capabilities to the criminal justice system. They have proved helpful in all of the following EXCEPT? a. Investigations b. Insanity pleas c. Crime prevention d. Case processing

Q: Social media based peer-to-peer bullying more harmful than the older face-to-face schoolyard version.

Q: Copycat crime is the spectacle of performing acts of crime and deviance in order to record, share, and upload them to the Internet.

Q: Which of the following is forecast to be the most significant crime problem associated with new media? a. Terrorism b. Crime sourcing c. Cyber-bullying d. Theft and fraud

Q: Which of the following would be considered an example of a celebrated criminal? a. Lindsay Lohan b. OJ Simpson c. Al Capone d. None of the above

Q: The copycat effect related to new media that has generated the greatest debate concerning? a. Violent crime films b. Violent digital video games c. Prime time crime dramas d. Online video sharing

Q: The contagion effect is often associated with which relationship between new media and criminality? a. New media and performance crime b. New media and new crime c. Old crimes in new ways d. New media and copycat crime

Q: Which type of media was the first to blanket all of society, meaning that content was available for the first time to every social, economic, and intellectual stratum? a. Contemporary agencies also post crime prevention and victimization reduction materials on departmental web sites and distribute it through Facebook pages b. Investigating offender posted online videos has been undertaken by law enforcement agents c. Information tailored to zip codes or individual streets have begun to be automated and married to social media distribution platforms Internet d. Digital uncover police investigators have been assuming the online personas of children or pedophiles to proactively identify sexual offenders in new media sting operations

Q: The first cyber trial was which of the following? a. The Casey Anthony murder trial b. The O.J. Simpson murder trial c. The Martha Stewart conspiracy case d. The Watergate scandal

Q: A particular area of concerns involving an attorneys use of new media during jury selection. Which of the following would be information that an attorney might seek to discover about potential jurors? a. Socioeconomic status b. Educational background c. Political leanings d. All of the above

Q: All of the following are true statements about new media and privacy EXCEPT? a. With new media technology it is ambiguous whether your online presence is public or not b. New media mobile technologies simultaneously make it possible for virtually anything a person does in public (and often in private) to be videotaped, texted, or otherwise made part of a digital record c. At this time, the levels of privacy afforded to new media are the same for all states d. in public you can usually be photographed with or without your consent

Q: Misuse of social media by jurors has led to all of the following EXCEPT? a. Mistrials b. contempt findings against misbehaving jurors c. Juror dismissals d. Sequestration

Q: The fate of trial fairness in a new media saturated courtroom currently rests upon the effectiveness of which of the following? a. Jury selection b. Jury instructions c. Jury use of new media d. None of the above

Q: The existence of new media, in particular social media, has led to all of the following changes EXCEPT? a. How the public receives and processes information b. How face-to-face interactions proceed c. How the public understands the world d. How the public interacts with the world

Q: Which of the following is NOT a negative new media impact of the criminal justice system? a. The conducting of post-conviction motions and hearings are commonly administered through social media platforms b. Offenders have new ways of committing crime c. New media distributes false information and extends the reach of false information and rumors d. People are willing to settle for infamy instead of fame

Q: Terrorism is an example of which new media effect on criminality? a. New media and performance crime b. New media and new crime c. Old crimes in new ways d. New media and copycat crime

Q: The media emphasis on crime has been credited with raising the publics fear of being victimized and giving crime an inappropriately high ranking on the public agenda.

Q: Media-based claims are expected to have an equal impact on beliefs about crime among those who have had direct neighborhood experience with crime, as compared to those who have not had direct neighborhood experience with crime.

Q: The available research indicates that among criminal justice officials, even more than among the public, the media significantly influence both policy development and support.

Q: The predictability of the medias effect on criminal justice policy makes it easy to determine the direction and magnitude of influence.