Q&A Hero

Q: Which of the following areas of the criminal justice system is the least popular in society? a. Law enforcement b. The courts c. Corrections d. Each area of the criminal justice system is equally popular

Q: Which type of strategy is more effective for dealing with pretrial publicity? a. Proactive strategies b. Reactive strategies c. Both proactive and reactive strategies are equally effective d. Neither proactive nor reactive strategies are ever effective

Q: Which of the following does NOT benefit the media in their pursuit to access government information and to guard their own information? a. the Freedom of Information Act (1966) b. the Privacy Act (1974) c. Shield Laws d. the Sunshine Act (1976)

Q: Which of the following exemplifies how infotainment has worked its way into court proceedings? a. Attorneys use entertainment narratives to construct reality and as building blocks for their cases b. Visual representations in the courtroom often include entertainment video clips c. Real world attorneys often use tactics used by their media counterparts d. None of the above

Q: The publics perception of courts is in no way influenced by media portraits and representations.

Q: The courts are distorted indirectly through the media, which presents the judicial system as soft on crime, easy on criminals, and due process-laden institutions.

Q: When lawyers in the media are not being portrayed as crime fighters they can expect to be portrayed negatively.

Q: Media trials have become the most important single contributor to the social construction of the courts in America.

Q: Although televised coverage of trials has become increasingly popular over the years, there are still some states which forbid cameras in the court room.

Q: One unresolved issue of television coverage of trials is the effect the coverage has on victims reporting crimes, particularly victims of rape.

Q: Which judicial strategy for dealing with pretrial publicity directly conflicts with the First Amendment? a. Shield strategies b. Sunshine strategies c. Reactive strategies d. Proactive strategies

Q: Which of the following is NOT a reactive strategy for dealing with pretrial publicity? a. restrictive and protective orders b. the sequestering of jurors c. the granting of trial continuances d. the expansion of jury selection

Q: Which of the following is NOT true of media trials? a. Media trials have been present in society for less than 50 years b. Media trials are massively and intensively covered c. Coverage of media trials is live whenever possible d. When it comes to media trials, pictures are preferred over text

Q: In their coverage of trials, the media offer direct and individualist explanations of crime, which does NOT include _______________. a. feelings of lust b. insane diagnoses c. social obstacles to conformity d. immoral behavior

Q: Which of the following entertainment media narratives, all of which are common in media trial representations, typically involve bizarre or sexually related crime? a. Abuse of power b. The sinful rich c. Evil strangers d. None of the above

Q: The entertainment media narrative of evil strangers includes the following subgroup(s)? a. Non-Americans and the sinful rich b. The sinful rich and psychotic killers c. Psychotic killers and non-Americans d. All of the above

Q: Which of the following is a major concern regarding the effects of televising trials? a. The courts dont want the public to have access to the courtroom and trial procedures b. Defendants rights to privacy will be infringed upon c. Attorneys, judges, and other participants may alter their courtroom behaviors in the presence of cameras d. All of the above

Q: In 1981 the Supreme Court rejected previously held assumptions about television during the Chandler v. Florida case. The Court felt that television could benefit the judicial system by showing all of the following EXCEPT __________. a. Plea bargaining b. Conviction of the guilty c. Imposition of fair sentences d. Fair procedure

Q: A defendant is believed by many to be guilty of child molestation because the media has been reporting stories from neighbors who have seen the defendant hanging out outside of a public school even though he has no children. This evidence helps to establish which of the following prejudicial publicity forms? a. Factual information b. Emotional information c. Both A and B d. Neither A or B

Q: Most individual crime-fighter portraits come not from traditional news but from either pure entertainment content or infotainment products.

Q: Reality police shows accurately represent police work.

Q: In police reality shows, violent crime is overrepresented, as well as the proportion of crime that is solved by the police.

Q: In addition to influencing juror, attorney, and judge expectations, the CSI effect also influences the actions of offenders.

Q: Public dissatisfaction of police results when the real police do not act like their media portraits.

Q: Although guns are present in contemporary media, most crime fighting shows do not depict them as problem-solvers or necessary crime-fighting tools.

Q: Which of the following have the courts recently defined? a. What is or is not insane behavior b. Proper or improper child care c. Intrusive or acceptable government law enforcement policies d. All of the above

Q: Which of the following is NOT an emphasis of media judicial portraits? a. Rare events b. Common charges c. Unlikely interactions d. Improbable evidence

Q: Which of the following is NOT true of female attorney portrayals in the media? a. Like police women, female attorneys in the media are often defeminized b. Police women have had a longer tradition in the media than female attorneys c. The real world experiences of female attorneys are more likely to be portrayed than the real world experiences of police women d. Female attorneys are often portrayed as young, white, single, and childless

Q: Robin Hood is a classic example of which of the following types of crime fighters? a. Lampooned Police b. G-men c. Private Investigator d. Private Citizen

Q: Which of the following is NOT an example of a citizen crime fighter? a. Angela Lansbury in Murder She Wrote b. Scooby Doo c. Hardy Boys d. Dick Tracy

Q: Jack, a 35-year-old government agent fights crime on a regular basis. Which of the following types of crime fighters BEST characterizes Jack? a. Lampooned police officer b. Citizen Crime Fighter c. Professional Crime Fighter d. None of the above

Q: Which of the following is true in regards to media crime fighters? a. They are effective at solving crimes b. They are effective at preventing crimes c. They are better at deterrence than punishment d. Both A and B

Q: Which of the following BEST describes violence in contemporary media? a. Both the criminal and the crime fighter have become increasingly violent b. The criminal, but not the crime fighter, has become increasingly violent c. The crime fighter, but not the criminal, has become increasingly violent d. Neither the crime fighter nor the criminal has increased in violence

Q: In media representations, the good cop frame is presented more than the bad cop frame.

Q: The G-men portrait arose during the Great Depression in response to criticism from the Hays Commission on pre-Depression portraits of crime.

Q: The implied meaning behind the necessity of bringing in G-men to solve crimes is that local police officers are incompetent and unable to handle crime fighting.

Q: Within the Cops construction, criminals were citizens who had broken the law and deserving of rehabilitation, as opposed to evil individuals who needed to be defeated.

Q: Which of the following is true of Police Procedurals portrayals? a. Only civilians should not get involved b. Only other law enforcement should not get involved c. Civilians and other law enforcement personnel should not get involved d. Civilians should not get involved, but involvement by other law enforcement is not only accepted, but expected

Q: Which of the following is NOT a traditional cop narrative? a. the rogue officer b. the educated cop c. the buddy cop d. the honest cop

Q: Which of the following adjectives is NOT used to describe police in police reality shows? a. sensitive b. knowledgeable c. competent d. overwhelmed

Q: Which of the following statistics is true in regards to reality police show demographics? a. Whites account for more than half of all suspects shown b. Two-thirds of the victims shown are nonwhites c. Two-thirds of the police are white d. None of the above

Q: Which of the following statements BEST represents one of the media-constructed claims about crime fighting? a. Crime control and due process work together equally to control crime b. Crime control is applauded while due process is disparaged c. Due process is applauded while crime control is disparaged d. Neither crime control or due process is important because crime remains an issue

Q: Police infotainment draws from which of the following criminal justice frames? a. Faulty Criminal Justice System frame b. Blocked Opportunities Frame c. Social Breakdown Frame d. Racist System Frame

Q: Which of the following BEST describes characteristics of the CSI effect? a. Jurors expectations of evidence during trials are not influenced b. Jurors expectations of evidence during trials clearly influence their verdicts c. Attorneys and judges may prepare or conduct their cases differently because of anticipated juror expectations d. Both B and C

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the differences between the good cop and bad cop narratives? a. the good cop is more self-reliant b. the bad cop is more of a gunfighter c. the bad cop is more adventurous d. the good cop is more law-abiding

Q: Which of the following is one of the three media stereotypes of professional law enforcement? a. Lampooned Police b. G-men c. Cops d. All of the above

Q: The two paths between the media and criminality that copycat criminals can take which are related to social cognition theory are systematic central processing and heuristic peripheral processing.

Q: The research to date and the critiques of the research suggest an interaction between video game characteristics, with violent content as one factor. a. True b. False

Q: The United States is not a supportive copycat environment.

Q: The decision to copy a crime is weighed not only against the expected reward versus punishment from the crime, but also against expected outcomes of alternate law-abiding behaviors.

Q: Media and terrorists have a symbiotic relationship because each receives certain benefits from the other.

Q: Terrorists are always guaranteed media attention.

Q: The World Wide Web has been beneficial to terrorists because it helps them reach their target audiences.

Q: The media alone is responsible for turning most people into criminals.

Q: The medias influence on the behavior of most of us is to cause us not to do certain things.

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of the citizen soldier portrait? a. The police and the criminal justice system are downplayed and often disparaged b. Traditional criminal justice components become part of the crime problem either through corruption or ineptitude c. The civilian is successful where law enforcers are not d. All of the above are characteristics of the citizen soldier portrait

Q: Media-oriented terrorism is highly valuable to news organizations for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: a. Terrorism is dramatic, often violent, and timely b. Acts of terrorist violence lack a beginning and an end c. Acts of terrorism involve participants who are perceived by the viewing public as unambiguous d. Terrorist acts are not so complex as to be unintelligible by those who are only tuning in briefly

Q: As the media pursued terrorists, terrorists became media wise. They came to understand the dynamics of newsworthiness and the benefits of media exposure including which of the following? a. Increased legitimacy and political status b. Heightened perception of their strength and threat c. An increased ability to attract resources, support, and recruits d. All of the above

Q: Whether criminogenic effects, such as copycat crime, emerge in any particular individual depends on which of the following? a. The medias characterization and crime and criminals b. The individuals predispositions c. The medias social context d. The individuals social context

Q: The stimulating effect hypothesis for the impact of violent media on aggression postulates that exposure to media violence acts as a therapeutic release for anger and self-hatred.

Q: The size of the copycat crime pool is affected both by the level of media distribution of the criminogenic content and by other social context factors such as all of the following EXCEPT: a. Social norms regarding deviance and violence b. The lack of social conflicts c. The number of opportunities available to the potential offender to copy a crime technique d. The nature, credibility, and pervasiveness of the mass media

Q: Concerning the question of who follows copycat crime pathways, commits the copycat crime, and generates the copycat crime rates, a set of five umbrella concepts have emerged as hypothesized flags for at-risk copycat individuals. These include all of the following EXCEPT: a. Immersion in crime-related b. Psychological traits c. A personal belief in criminal efficacy d. All of the above are hypothesized flags for at-risk copycat individuals

Q: Which of the following delineates the extreme violent mediacopycat crime relationship? a. Predictable violence b. Violence by individuals with unknown violent histories c. Repetitive viewing and self-editing of content d. None of the above

Q: Copycat crime research suggests all of the following EXCEPT: a. The effect of the media is more likely qualitative rather than quantitative b. Copycat offenders usually do not have the criminal intent to commit a particular crime before they copy a media-based technique c. There is a pragmatic use of the media by offenders, with borrowing media crime techniques as the most common practice d. Copycat criminals are more likely to be career criminals involved in property offenses rather than first or violent offenders

Q: Which of the following is one of the five principles that guide contemporary terrorists? a. Victims are chosen for symbolic meaning b. Victims are chosen because of personal vendettas c. Victims are chosen because of their geographical location d. All of the above

Q: Psychological theories state that crime is a freewill decision that individuals will make when the gains from committing a crime outweigh the likely punishment from committing it.

Q: Business and professional criminals are the most common criminality narrative.

Q: The media tend to reflect the criminological theories popular at the time.

Q: The dominant media message in terms of frequency and popular appeal points to individually based theories of crime and away from social ones.

Q: Which of the following definitions BEST defines criminogenic media? a. media content that is proven to be a direct cause of crime b. media content that is proven to be an indirect cause of crime c. media content that is hypothesized as a direct cause of crime d. media content that is hypothesized as an indirect cause of crime

Q: The primary reasons video gamers play video games include all of the following EXCEPT: a. Achievement and competition b. Mastering the game c. Social connections d. Realism

Q: Which of the following is a theoretical mechanism by which violent video games might lead to social aggression? a. Social learning b. Excitation transfer c. Cognitive neoassociation d. All of the above

Q: The media may do which of the following? a. Increase the seriousness or harmfulness of the crimes that are committed by making criminals more selective or violent b. Foster theft and other property crimes by cultivating desires for unaffordable things c. Make crime seem more exciting, satisfying, and socially acceptable d. All of the above

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the major elements commonly incorporated into the crime(s) of a copycat criminal? a. the number of victims b. the choice of victim c. the motivation d. the technique

Q: Which of the following mechanisms, in relation to copycat effects generated by the media, is characterized through the following description: the portrayals of certain behaviors by the media activate a cluster of associated ideas and concepts within the potential copycat offender that increase the likelihood that he or she will behave similarly? a. Imitation b. Priming c. Scripts d. None of the above

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the four factors that interact to contribute to the amount of copycat crime in a society? a. the initial crime and the criminal b. subsequent media coverage c. the social context d. all of the above are factors that contribute to copycat crime

Q: Overall, white-collar criminals are treated by the mass media as infotainment.

Q: Jorge is a 15-year-old Hispanic American living in a Hispanic neighborhood known for the numerous gangs that have inhabited the area for at least two generations. Before high school Jorge received straight As in school and he was a star basketball player both in and out of school. In his freshman year, however, he began hanging out with his older brother and his brothers friends who are all involved in one of the local gangs; Jorge now skips school frequently, has lost interest in basketball, and has been arrested for vandalism and petty theft 3 times. His mom worries that hell eventually wind up dead. Jorges recent behavior can BEST be explained by which of the following crime theories? a. Psychological Theory b. Sociological Theory c. Political Theory d. None of the above

Q: Which of the following is NOT a media trend that reflects the criminological theory that was popular at the time? a. During the 1930s, crime films tended to portray a [sociological] perspective which painted the urban ethnic inner city as the basic cause of criminality b. The 1940 and 1950s films were Freudian based [psychological theories] with deviant personalities the root cause c. The 1980s saw films indicting drugs and family violence [a mix of theoretical perspectives] d. The 1990s brought labeling and critical criminology [political theories] to the fore

Q: Robin Hood would BEST be categorized within which of the following criminal narrative categories? a. Robin Hood would not be classified as a criminal b. Psychotic super-male criminal c. Business and professional criminal d. Victim and heroic criminal