Q&A Hero

Q: Which of the following is a less popular narrative of criminality due to its complex, multi-theoretical nature and spreading of the responsibility for crime over both the criminal and society? a. Victims and heroic criminals b. Psychotic super-male criminals c. Business and professional criminals d. Calculating and manipulative criminals

Q: Media interest in crime and criminality has appeared only in the past few decades due to increases in technology and communication.

Q: The Great Train Robbery was one of the first narrative films and introduced many of the violent images still common in todays media.

Q: The backwards law is the tendency of the media to portray crime and justice opposite that of crime-and-justice reality.

Q: Crime victims in media match the demographics, such as age and gender, of official victim statistics.

Q: In the real world, the relationship between the crime fighter and the criminal is more important than the relationships between the victim and criminal.

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the typical characteristics of contemporary criminal portraits in the media? a. the criminal is male b. the criminal is Caucasian c. the criminal is of high social status d. the criminal is African American

Q: During the 1970s how much of prime time television programming was dedicated to crime-and-justice stories? a. 10% b. 25% c. 40% d. 60%

Q: Serial killers in entertainment media are commonly portrayed, despite the fact that serial killers account for only what percentage of U.S. homicides each year? a. 0.2-0.3% b. 2-3% c. 20-30% d. 40-60%

Q: According to entertainment media, who is usually responsible for predatory criminality? a. mainstream society b. the individual c. both society and the individual d. no one is responsible

Q: Which of the following BEST represents the ideal crime victim from a news perspective? a. an elderly person b. a woman c. a child or pregnant woman d. all of the above

Q: Which of the following is NOT a common victim narrative? a. Accidental Victim b. Undeserving Victim c. Stupid Victim d. Lazy Victim

Q: Overall, the victimization rates of persons in the media correlate more with which of the following? a. Fear of crime b. Actual victimization rates c. Both A and B d. None of the above

Q: Crime news focuses on which type of crime? a. Murder b. Rape c. Assault d. All of the above

Q: Which of the following is NOT a historically symbolic white collar crime or a media representation of white collar crime? a. The Martha Stewart case b. the Teapot Dome scandal c. The Rodney King Incident d. The Jungle

Q: Which of the following is a reason for why media attention to white collar crime has been historically low? a. Low public interest b. Crimes provide few striking visual images c. Crimes are highly complex and boring d. All of the above

Q: Which of the following crime theories is supported by the following scenario: Miranda, a 32-year-old single mother of 4 young children, works as a prostitute 3 nights a week. She figures that even if she does eventually get caught, the punishment wont be nearly as bad as missing out on the hundreds of dollars she makes each night. a. Rational Choice Theory b. Psychological Theory c. Sociological Theory d. Political

Q: Events, such as the O.J. Simpson murder trial, can only be constructed through a single frame.

Q: One consequence of narratives is that the use of narratives reduces the need to explain the cause and effect of a crime.

Q: The first step in the formula for using a symbolic crime in crime-and-justice social construction is Find the worst crime you can.

Q: Law enforcement agencies struggle to have ownership of crime.

Q: Winning one social construction contest has no impact on winning future contests.

Q: People acquire most of their knowledge through experienced reality.

Q: The most important element in defining crime and justice reality for most people is the media.

Q: Crime can only be constructed as a social problem or a criminal justice problem.

Q: The Faulty Criminal Justice System Frame contends that crime results from a lack of law and order.

Q: Rose, a 75-year-old great-grandmother, blames her great-grandsons recent incarceration at a juvenile detention center on the fact that his parents recently finalized their divorce. Rose believes in which of the following frames? a. Faulty Criminal Justice System Frame b. Blocked Opportunities Frame c. Social Breakdown Frame d. Racist System Frame

Q: Josh, an adolescent male who enjoys watching wrestling and mixed martial arts, is arrested at school for fighting. Which of the following frames would BEST describe his actions? a. Faulty Criminal Justice System Frame b. Blocked Opportunities Frame c. Social Breakdown Frame d. Violent Media Frame

Q: Which of the following is NOT true about how frames influence crime-and-justice policy? a. All frames are supported by some portion of the public b. Frames remain mutually exclusive c. People often support more than one frame d. None of the above

Q: Which of the following is NOT an example of a narrative commonly found in crime-and-justice media? a. the nave innocent b. the unappreciated brainiac c. the masculine, heroic crime-fighter d. the innately evil predatory criminal

Q: Which of the following is NOT an example of a symbolic crime? a. The release of harmful chemicals into the Severn Trent Water sewer system b. the beating of Rodney King c. the kidnapping and murder of Polly Klaas d. the September 11th World Trade Center bombings

Q: Which of the following crimes was reconstructed by the media in the 1980s? a. Driving without insurance b. Driving under the influence c. Driving while not wearing a seat belt d. Driving while texting

Q: Which engine of social construction reality is the most influential? a. Conversational reality b. Media c. Various institutions and organizations d. Both A and B

Q: What is the most important insight to be gained from studying the social constructionism perspective? a. Social constructionism is rarely important to crime-and-justice b. Social constructionism is only important in crime-and-justice media c. Social constructionism competition is an ever-present issue in crime-and-justice d. Social constructionism needs to be studied further before its impact on crime-and-justice can be determined

Q: Socially constructed realities are always objective.

Q: The repetitive showing of several anti-littering commercials in a small-town community results in the passing of stricter punishments for those who choose to litter. Which stage of social constructionism is BEST exemplified in this scenario? a. Stage 1 b. Stage 2 c. Stage 3 d. Stage 4

Q: Matthew, a well-respected claims maker, claims that building a new bar near his neighborhood will result in an increase in alcohol sales in his community which will inevitably lead to an increase in crime. Matthew is employing which of the following techniques to defend his position? a. He is linking one issue to another. b. He is using a frame to express his opinion. c. He is making a factual claim. d. He is making an interpretative claim.

Q: Crime-and-justice issues are often linked to the endangerment of the following issues, EXCEPT ____________. a. Health b. Welfare c. Families d. Employment

Q: Mediated experiences create a mediated reality which has little to no influence on crime-and-justice policies.

Q: One view of crime and criminal justice media holds that the media undermines the values of law and order.

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the four general sources from which people acquire social knowledge? a. Personal experiences b. Empirical data c. Other social groups and institutions d. The media

Q: Krista is a high school biology teacher who comes home from a science convention to find that she has been robbedan example of personal victimization. Which of the following types of reality BEST describes her experience? a. Experienced Reality b. Symbolic Reality c. Socially Constructed Reality d. Both A and B

Q: Which of the following types of reality constitutes most of our knowledge about the world? a. Experienced Reality b. Symbolic Reality c. Socially Constructed Reality d. None of the above

Q: At which stage of social constructionism does the media act as a filter? a. Stage 1 b. Stage 2 c. Stage 3 d. Stage 4

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the five realities for why twenty-first-century media is important to crime-and-justice? a. Mass media is an electronic, visually dominated media b. The U.S. media is in a paternalistic relationship with the government c. Media must be understood as a collection of for-profit businesses d. Media businesses exist within a highly competitive environment

Q: Technological progress has resulted in growing concerns, such as the direct criminogenic media effects on copycat crime and media-oriented terrorism.

Q: Media and technology are simultaneously perceived as both a major cause of crime and violence and a powerful potential solution to crime.

Q: Comic book portrayals of crime-and-justice have always included all of the following: crime-fighting policeman, private detectives, and costumed superheroes.

Q: The first visual media criminals were descendants of street gang members, often portrayed in dime novels.

Q: The creation of crime news is best understood through the organizational model.

Q: The following model represents the oldest entertainment crime story structure: crime → chase → capture.

Q: Unlike some other more reliable types of media, magazines and web sites are often unreliable because their stories are underdeveloped and they often focus on only the most interesting stories.

Q: Most people experience crime and justice first-hand, rather than through mediated experiences.

Q: Which of the following is an early example of a media trial? a. the film To Kill a Mockingbird b. the Lizzie Borden ax murder trial c. the Patty Hearst trial d. all of the above

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the four general types of media? a. Print b. Sound c. Visual d. Internet

Q: In early U.S. Penny Press newspapers, crime was portrayed according to what orientation? a. Race-oriented b. Gender-oriented c. Class-oriented d. All of the above

Q: Which of the following is a major difference between contemporary print media and contemporary electronic media? a. Each contains different types of messages. b. Print media is easier to select or avoid based on consumer preferences. c. Print media has fewer images. d. Print media is part of mass media while electronic media is not.

Q: Radio crime-and-justice programming have provided the model for which of the following: a. modern-day crime and justice reality programming b. the contemporary stereotypes of criminals and criminal justice c. the exploitation of sensational heinous crimes d. all of the above

Q: Which type of media was the first to blanket all of society, meaning that content was available for the first time to every social, economic, and intellectual stratum? a. Radio b. Film c. Television d. Internet

Q: In 1975, crime shows accounted for approximately what percentage of prime time schedules? a. 20 percent b. 40 percent c. 60 percent d. 80 percent

Q: Which of the following is not a characteristic of new media? a. Narrowcasting b. On-demand access to content c. Inconvenience d. Interactivity

Q: Kelly, a news producer, notes that the public has been particularly interested in public school system sex scandals for a 6-week span and decides to feature similar stories. Kelly is selecting her news stories based on which of the following models? a. Market model b. Manipulative model c. Organizational model d. None of the above

Q: Which of the following BEST describes the impact of infotainment on crime-and justice portraits? a. Infotainment presents crime-and-justice news in a completely factual and entertaining manner. b. Infotainment completely disregards the integrity of crime-and-justice news and no part of infotainment is based on reality. c. Infotainment tries to present crime-and-justice news in a realistic manner, but fails to do so. d. Infotainment presents realistic events and circumstances, but the events are highly stylized and edited

Q: Which of the following is NOT an area in which media portraits of crime and justice influence public perceptions? a. What behaviors should be criminalized b. Who should be punished c. What the punishment should be d. Who should be in charge of punishments

Q: Which of the following is an example of a memorial criminal justice policy? a. Boston Gun Project b. Megans Law c. CSI d. Victims of Crime Act

Q: A high profile murder case ended a year ago and images of the defendant during the case are still appearing in the local news, on various Internet sites, and even in select movies. This is an example of which of the following? a. Looping b. Narrowcasting c. Interactivity d. a Mediated Experience

Q: Which of the following is NOT a general example of how media can serve as a powerful potential solution to crime? a. By helping to reduce violence and drug use b. By deterring criminal acts c. By providing the public with up-to-date footage of all major crime cases d. By bolstering the image of the criminal justice system