Q&A Hero

Q: Strategies used to encourage seat belt use vary from incentives for safe driving to -mandatory-use policies and fines for failure to buckle up. _____________, an annual -nationwide, high-visibility seat belt enforcement program, is an example of the latter. a. Belt UP b. Buckle UP c. Click It or Ticket d. none of the above

Q: According to the text, in 2010, 31 percent of traffic fatalities were caused by: a. speeding. b. cellular phone usage. c. drunk driving. d. seat belt usage.

Q: Traffic concerns include: a. speeding in residential areas. b. red light running. c. nonuse of seatbelts. d. all of the above

Q: Which of the following is not one of the main devices used for target hardening? a. security cameras b. improved locks c. alarm systems d. paint scheme

Q: All of the following are strategies to limit liability should a witness be harmed except: a. promising only those security services that can reasonably be provided. b. documenting all offers of assistance and all efforts to protect witnesses. c. making sure the city attorney is involved in the process. d. taking reports of intimidation seriously and engaging in the defined process for protecting witnesses.

Q: The Combat Auto Theft (CAT) program allows the police to stop any car marked with a -special decal: a. between 8 P.M. and midnight. b. between 1 A.M. and 5 A.M. c. between 7 P.M. and 7 A.M. on the weekends. d. anytime, any day of the week.

Q: According to the text, the Weed and Seed program sought to: a. provide funding for low income families. b. identify, arrest, and prosecute offenders. c. weed out low income troublemakers. d. seed communities with new housing.

Q: "The simultaneous actions of separate entities which together have greater total effect than the sum of their individual efforts" is the technical definition of: a. infrastructure. b. synergism. c. target hardening. d. paradigm.

Q: To implement the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, then Attorney General Janet Reno created the: a. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS). b. Weed and Seed program. c. Community Policing Consortium. d. Bureau of Proactive Policing.

Q: The Community Policing Consortium is: a. an online "chat room" for law enforcement officers involved in community policing. b. an evaluation board of retired law enforcement administrators who assess the -effectiveness of various community policing efforts throughout the nation. c. a partnership of five police organizations that provides training in community policing to agencies throughout the United States. d. an internship program that partners police academy cadets with active-duty community policing officers.

Q: According to the text, discuss the various corrections-based approaches to crime prevention that have proven effective.

Q: Describe how MADD began and the initiatives started by MADD.

Q: List and briefly describe the types of special crime watches that have been used.

Q: Describe the police anticrime newsletters and brochures and how they assist law enforcement in community relations.

Q: List and discuss the numerous impediments to implementing community policing, including ways a department might overcome such challenges.

Q: Discuss and explain the use of the media in the McGruff crime prevention program and how it was received by the public.

Q: List and explain the various ways police departments may use volunteers, and what powers, if any, are afforded such volunteers.

Q: In the context of law enforcement a PSA is a __________________.

Q: Community-based __________________ gained popularity in the 1990s but are still resisted by many neighborhoods.

Q: ____________________ is an approach to problem solving that asks what is it about this location that places people at risk, or that results in opportunities for crime.

Q: __________________ are more descriptive and less statistical than quantitative ones.

Q: In the fear-reduction strategy experiments in Newark and Houston, coordinated community policing was also known as the __________________ project.

Q: In the second experiment conducted in Newark, they did not show a reduction in fear of crime according to the __________________.

Q: PAL stands for __________________.

Q: The __________________ Foot Patrol Experiment has garnered attention lately for its focus on place-based policing.

Q: A study based on observation or practical experience is called a/an __________________ study.

Q: Often referred to as __________________ projects, property identification is aimed at -deterring burglary and at returning property that is stolen when deterrence fails.

Q: CPTED stands for __________________.

Q: Community-based corrections is also called __________________.

Q: Whatever the cost to implement, community policing appears to offer a realistic approach to reducing violence, crime, and the drug problem.

Q: A benefit of the Deferred Prosecution/First Offenders Unit is that it conserves police, -prosecutorial, judicial, and correctional resources.

Q: Ample evidence suggests communities that participate in Operation Identification programs have a greater number of apprehended and convicted burglars.

Q: Citizen crime reporting programs (CCRPs) help to organize neighborhoods as mutual aid societies and as the eyes and ears of the police.

Q: The way courts address the accused has a direct impact on the crime problem and on -community policing efforts.

Q: Although crime newsletters make readers more aware of crime, they also generally increase citizens' fear of crime.

Q: Referrals to dispute resolution centers can come from individuals wishing to refer -themselves.

Q: According to the text, community-based corrections gained popularity in the 1990s but are still resisted by many neighborhoods.

Q: The Citywide Crime Prevention Program of Seattle focused on residential burglary.

Q: According to the text, studies showed the 18 model crime reduction programs evaluated by the National Symposium on Community Institutions and the Inner-City Crime Project all had strong leaders.

Q: In the Flint experiment, motorized patrol was rated superior in preventing crime and -encouraging citizen self-protection.

Q: The Boston Foot Patrol Project found that increasing or decreasing foot patrol staffing had no impact on violent crimes.

Q: The Portland antiburglary program succeeded in reducing the burglary rate for those who participated.

Q: Much research provides undisputed proof that DARE programs have long-term, positive results.

Q: General publicity campaigns directed at victims have had a limited effect.

Q: In response to the Newark Foot Patrol Experiment, business owners believed crime increased.

Q: Since ancient times, lighting has been one means to deter and detect crime.

Q: Resistance to change in a community is common.

Q: Membership in MADD is open to anyone.

Q: Reserve officers, auxiliary patrol members, and community service officers (CSOs) always wear special uniforms and badges and must be armed.

Q: Studies of CCTV usage found that more than two thirds of the interviewees were aware that they were in a CCTV area

Q: A study of the Flint Neighborhood Foot Patrol Program found that officers on foot averaged much higher levels of productivity across most of the standard performance measures than did police in cars.

Q: The Whistle Stop program was designed to enhance citizens' reporting capabilities.

Q: In the second Newark Foot Patrol Experiment, positive results were obtained with: a. distribution of a newsletter. b. a coordinated foot patrol. c. a cleanup campaign. d. all of the above

Q: A purpose of explorer programs is: a. to help police agencies develop favorable community relations. b. to provide early recruitment opportunities for law enforcement agencies. c. both a and b d. neither a nor b

Q: According to the text, including crime statistics in an anticrime newsletter: a. raises the fear level of citizens. b. decreases the exposure of the newsletter. c. increases its effectiveness. d. none of the above

Q: McGruff has: a. been received favorably by the public. b. become a dated concept and is being phased out of the crime prevention arena. c. had little impact on what people know and do about crime prevention. d. both b and c

Q: The Flint, Michigan, Neighborhood Foot Patrol Program appeared to do all the following except: a. decrease crime. b. decrease citizen satisfaction with the foot patrol program. c. reduce citizens' fear of crime. d. create a positive perception of foot patrol officers.

Q: The 18 model crime reduction programs evaluated by the National Symposium on -Community Institutions and the Inner-City Crime Project shared all but one of the f-ollowingcharacteristics; they did not: a. focus on causes of crime. b. target those who were less affluent. c. have sufficient resources. d. emphasize enforcement.

Q: Traditionally, the most common forms of crime prevention were: a. foot patrols. b. newsletters. c. community organizing. d. all of the above

Q: According to the text, the most frequently committed violent crime in the United States is: a. homicide. b. domestic violence. c. alcohol-impaired driving. d. sexual assault.

Q: The most common activities of Neighborhood Watch programs are: a. Operation Identification programs and home security surveys. b. firearm training seminars and self-defense demonstrations. c. roadside litter cleanup and graffiti removal. d. school crosswalk monitoring and latchkey kid programs.

Q: The DARE Program was started by: a. Orlando Police Department. b. Seattle Police Department. c. Los Angeles Police Department. d. New York Police Department.

Q: Studies have shown that CCTV: a. only reduced crime where people were aware they were being watched. b. had no affect on crime. c. reduced crime. d. made citizens more aware of crime in their neighborhoods.

Q: Dispute resolution centers contracted by the Unified Court System of the State of New York do all of the following except: a. provide dispute resolution resources for local communities. b. prevent escalation of disputes. c. relieve the courts of matters not requiring judicial intervention. d. teach individuals how to resolve their disputes through community class action lawsuits.

Q: The nationwide program that encourages residents to turn on their porch lights, go outside, and meet their neighbors is: a. National Night Out. b. Crime Stoppers. c. the McGruff "Take a Bite Out of Crime" program. d. Operation Crime Watch.

Q: According to the text, all are goals of the police athletic league except: a. partnering with the Big Brothers/Big Sisters association. b. reducing gang membership. c. reducing the use and sale of drugs. d. reducing violence in the community.

Q: Property identification projects are aimed at: a. deterring burglary. b. returning property that is stolen when deterrence fails. c. both a and b d. neither a nor b

Q: Good examples of special crime watch programs are: a. electronic surveillance companies. b. storefront police precincts. c. realtor and carrier watch programs. d. all of the above

Q: According to the text, block or neighborhood watch programs would not be described as: a. the backbone of the nation's community crime prevention effort. b. mutual aid societies. c. the eyes and ears of the police. d. vigilantism.

Q: Available research indicates that street lighting: a. decreases the incidence of crime. b. reduces citizens' fear of crime. c. both a and b d. neither a nor b

Q: This nonprofit, grassroots organization was founded in California in 1980 to combat drunk driving: a. Prosecutors Against Drunk Driving. b. Officers Against Drunk Driving. c. Mothers Against Drunk Driving. d. Veterans Against Drunk Driving.

Q: To reduce the residential burglary rate, the Seattle Citywide Crime Prevention Program used all of the following except: a. self-defense courses. b. neighborhood block watches. c. home security checks. d. property identification.

Q: According to the text, youth have traditionally been included in police"community programs that include all the following except: a. police athletic leagues. b. private patrols. c. DARE programs. d. police explorer programs.

Q: Improving lighting to deter and detect crimes: a. is an example of synergism. b. is an example of CPTED. c. has no impact on how safe people feel. d. is the most important factor in reducing the occurrence of crime.

Q: Included among the most common traditional crime prevention programs used are: a. lobbying for longer prison sentences and tougher laws. b. citizen training in use of firearms and self-defense. c. neighborhood watch and property marking projects. d. all of the above

Q: According to the text, the typical youth-related crime prevention programs include all of the following except: a. police athletic leagues. b. Officer Friendly. c. National Night Out. d. DARE.

Q: In the Flint Neighborhood Foot Patrol Program: a. communication with citizens was a primary objective. b. officers were given great discretion. c. both a and b d. neither a nor b

Q: A modern example of the Guardian Angles is/are the: a. Cyber Neighborhood. b. Cyber Guardian Angels. c. CyberAngels. d. Cyber Stoppers

Q: According to the text, resistance to change is common, especially in tradition-oriented professions. The six impediments to implementing innovative community-oriented policing include all of the following except: a. lack of vision. b. cost of innovation. c. cost of training. d. unions.

Q: Qualitative evaluations are __________ than quantitative evaluations. a. less descriptive and less statistical b. more descriptive and less statistical c. less descriptive and more statistical d. more descriptive and more statistical