Q&A Hero

Q: Which of the following is an example cited by the text of how the security industry can assist law enforcement? a. serve civil documents b. respond to burglar alarms c. assist with traffic control d. monitor community watch programs

Q: A community's informal power structure includes all except: a. regulatory agencies. b. ethnic groups. c. political groups. d. religious assemblies.

Q: The point at which an ordinary, stable phenomenon can turn into a crisis is referred to as: a. flight point. b. tipping point. c. ethnic instability. d. turf war.

Q: Displacement: a. often occurs in a community "soft" on crime. b. applies to criminal activity that has moved to a new location due to increased police -presence. c. is linked to factors such as availability of jobs and level of education. d. all of the above

Q: When people do not care about their community, one of the signs of not caring would be: a. potholes. b. empty houses. c. broken windows. d. high traffic counts.

Q: According to the text, the importance of ___________ to all citizens is a central theme in the discussion of community. a. corporate rights b. special rights c. individual rights d. community rights

Q: Teens, Crime, and the Community is a program that believes smarter youth make: a. stronger families. b. harder workers. c. less juvenile recidivism. d. safer communities.

Q: The system that tries to keep juvenile status offenders and delinquents from the court's -jurisdiction is called: a. bifurcation. b. rehabilitation. c. diversion. d. plea bargaining.

Q: According to the text, plea bargaining, diversion, community alternatives to prison, capital punishment, and victim's rights are: a. controversial issues in the criminal justice system that affect police"community -partnerships. b. issues within a police officer's appropriate sphere of action. c. proven methods of eliminating crime. d. sustainable communities.

Q: Operating within each community is a power structure that can enhance or endanger: a. political groups. b. neighborhood watch groups. c. ethnic groups. d. police"community relations.

Q: A sense of community can be undermined by: a. increased violent crime. b. clashes between community groups. c. severe social disorganization. d. all of the above

Q: If police expect to maintain order, they must maintain effective interactions with all of the following community organizations and institutions except: a. schools in the community. b. the Department of Human Services. c. health care providers. d. defense attorneys.

Q: A neighborhood that objects to the placement of a homeless shelter within it provides an example of: a. diversion. b. plea bargaining. c. NIMBY. d. diffusion.

Q: The broken windows phenomenon signifies: a. that people don"t care about the neighborhood. b. an impending crime wave. c. an ineffective police force. d. all of the above

Q: Coleman saw the two most important elements in social capital as being: a. commitment and collaboration. b. safety and security. c. enforcement and control. d. trustworthiness and obligations.

Q: Community, as defined by the text: a. applies only to neighborhoods where people know each other by name. b. develops only after crime is totally eradicated from that specific neighborhood. c. applies to a specific area and the individuals, organizations, and agencies in that area. d. all of the above

Q: The social contract: a. provides that each person must give up some freedom. b. provides that, in a free society, people can do everything they want without restriction. c. has been weakened by increased mobility and economic factors. d. both b and c

Q: The social contract: a. means that, in a free society, people can do exactly as they please. b. has been weakened by increased mobility and economic factors. c. is dependent upon the government to support. d. is a redistribution of accountability and authority.

Q: According to the text, public peace is established by: a. the U.S. Constitution and Bill b. federal and state statutes. c. the social contract. of Rights. d. all of the above

Q: What city, in 1985, hosted its first citizen police academy? a. Washington, DC b. Los Angeles, California c. Minneapolis, Minnesota d. Orlando, Florida

Q: Restorative justice can be traced back to: a. English Common Law. b. Code of Hammurabi. c. William the Conqueror. d. Sir Alfred the Great.

Q: Ethical dilemmas, as discussed in the text, are often rooted in the ends-versus-means -controversy. Discuss how these ethical dilemmas are dealt with by officers and departments.

Q: Discuss the continuum of compromise and why it is referred to the "slippery slope."

Q: Skolnick's classic description, "A Sketch of the Policeman's "˜Working Personality"" (1966), included such descriptors as social isolation, solidarity, and authority. Describe what -characteristics were identified in his definition.

Q: As listed in the text, describe the building blocks of ethics.

Q: Describe and explain one of the four expectations of citizens according to Skogan.

Q: The __________________ is also shaped by appearance and police actions.

Q: According to the text, _________________ has been described as being confronted with a difficult problem and making the right decision despite potentially adverse personal or -professional consequences.

Q: A _______________ is simply a belief or philosophy that is meaningful to us.

Q: According to the text, honesty is synonymous with __________________.

Q: Ethics involves integrity, honesty, values, standards, courage, and ________________.

Q: The _______________ is affected by individual backgrounds, the media, and citizens' -personal experiences with the criminal justice system.

Q: Controversy on the use of force by police is almost always discussed in terms of _______________.

Q: Unpleasant interactions between the police and the public are known as _______________.

Q: The informal values, beliefs, and expectations of officers are known collectively as _______________.

Q: A _______________ is a written declaration of purpose.

Q: Police are the only agencies within the criminal justice system who have discretionary -powers.

Q: The media have little effect on public opinion.

Q: Traditionally, police officers have been a fairly heterogeneous group.

Q: Police integrity can be defined as "the normative inclination among police to resist -temptations to abuse the rights and privileges of their occupation."

Q: Although officers often operate independently, it is important to remember that the -community watches how officers perform their duties.

Q: Ethical behavior by individual officers and by the department as a whole is indispensable to effective police"community partnerships.

Q: Community standards influence how the police enforce laws.

Q: The Hug-a-Bear Program is designed to make police officer contacts less negative.

Q: Negative contacts, as defined in the text, will result in the police being unable to perform their duties.

Q: Generally speaking, officers have broad discretion in deciding under what circumstances to enforce laws.

Q: According to the text, when given a ticket, law-abiding citizens believe they should be -excused and that the police should concentrate on "real" criminals.

Q: The use of police discretion is governed in every case by policies and procedures that cover every possible circumstance an officer may face.

Q: Chief Justice Warren Burger once stated: "The officer working the beat makes more -decisions and exercises broader discretion affecting the daily lives of people every day and toa greater extent than a judge will exercise in a week."

Q: The police image is affected by the police uniform and the equipment that police officers wear and use.

Q: A 2005 study showed attitudes toward the police were more easily influenced by what a -person heard about someone else's experience with the police.

Q: Police brutality is considered a problem by only a small segment of the public.

Q: The police image is affected by individual officers' backgrounds, the media, and citizens' personal experiences with the criminal justice system.

Q: Law enforcement agencies rarely, if ever, seek input from the community when developing mission statements.

Q: Controversy over the use of force is almost always discussed in terms of: a. police"citizen interactions. b. use of deadly force. c. officer presence at the scene. d. police brutality.

Q: According to the text, ______________ and secrecy within a police department can result in a code of silence. a. corruption b. brutality c. solidarity d. paranoia

Q: All of the following are a downside of police discretion except: a. The decisions not to invoke the criminal process are seldom subject to review. b. It determines the outer limit of law enforcement. c. The police have the power to decide whom they will arrest. d. The officers are subject to immediate supervisory review.

Q: According to the text, the law enforcement community is perhaps the best and quickest at culling these types of individuals from the ranksthose who are: a. supervisors. b. consistent. c. managers. d. bad people.

Q: The majority of police actions have less to do with ______________ and involve service to the community. a. order maintenance b. law enforcement c. time maintenance d. social services

Q: Paoline's study of police culture: a. supported the conventional wisdom of isolation and a "them-versus-us" worldview. b. found that isolation and the "them-versus-us" worldview is compatible with community policing. c. found that few officers were confident that they could gain citizens' cooperation. d. reported that many officers have attitudes and outlooks that vary from those of traditional police culture.

Q: A guide to officers as to what they should or should not do is called: a. baseline standards. b. integrity guides. c. civility. d. values.

Q: Which of the following best describes an ethics-check question ? a. Is it balanced? b. Will anybody find out? c. Is it cost-effective? d. all of the above

Q: A vision statement is: a. more philosophical than a mission statement. b. the same as a mission statement. c. a review of a department's past. d. unnecessary for police departments.

Q: The average citizen holds many mistaken beliefs about police work due to television shows that portray the police as playing "fast and loose" with the truth. This is called: a. media bias. b. the CSI effect. c. factual documentation. d. a negative image portrayal.

Q: Community policing emphasizes: a. a wider use of police discretion. b. tighter control over officers' use of discretion. c. the need for officers to strictly and fairly enforce all laws in every instance. d. solidarity of the police.

Q: The transformation of good people into evil people is called: a. the Noble Cause effect. b. the integrity lapse effect. c. the Lucifer effect. d. the Halloween effect.

Q: Recent studies on police use of force concluded all of the following are true except: a. that less than half of 1 percent of the population actually experienced force during contact with the police. b. that in most instances the force used was of the lower or most moderate level. c. that suspect characteristics, such as race, were not related to the use of force. d. that most citizens do not understand or support law enforcement.

Q: Reflective sunglasses, handcuffs, and gun-tie tacks can contribute to a ______________ police image. a. positive b. professional c. negative d. compliant

Q: The lowest-ranking and newest patrol officers typically have: a. no discretion. b. the least amount of discretion. c. the greatest amount of discretion. d. the same amount of discretion as civilian personnel.

Q: The increased officer discretion necessary for community policing is a concern to many police administrators who fear loss of control of their: a. officers. b. prosecutorial discretion. c. parole searches. d. community relationships.

Q: This U.S. Supreme Court decision in Terry v. Ohio (1968) recognized the role that discretion plays in policing and: a. granted police the authority to conduct community policing field tests without court -approval. b. granted police the power to conduct a search without a warrant prior to arrest. c. granted police authority to stop and question people in field interrogations. d. granted police the authority to question people without having to read them their rights.

Q: A police department might want to include the community's input when developing a -mission statement because it: a. improves police"community relations. b. decreases the possibility of the agency accomplishing its mission. c. maintains officer support. d. decreases community complaints.

Q: Selective enforcement is: a. the opposite of discretion. b. the use of police discretion. c. necessary because people expect all laws to be enforced. d. the principle involved in random sobriety checks.

Q: According to the text, the majority of an officer's actions involve: a. high-speed chases. b. apprehending criminals. c. service to the community. d. both a and b

Q: The relationship between the police and the community is profoundly affected by: a. police use of discretion. b. police use of force. c. both a and b d. neither a nor b

Q: According to the text, police officers are most likely to investigate: a. burglary. b. noise complaints. c. animal complaints. d. white collar crime.

Q: The commonly used police practice of choosing among possible courses of action or inaction when dealing with lawbreakers is known as: a. detachment. b. discretion. c. the fairness doctrine. d. the patronage system.

Q: Because of their shared experiences and unique exposure to their community, many police officers develop a fierce loyalty to: a. poor people. b. minorities. c. each other. d. the community.

Q: Negative contacts: a. are unpleasant interactions between the police and the public. b. occur when an officer performs poorly at the firing range. c. result when investigators are unable to develop leads. d. none of the above

Q: According to the text, the public expects the police to: a. enforce the law against others. b. give breaks only to their own family and friends. c. help them when they have a problem. d. all of the above