Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Criminology
Q:
The term _____ refers to the belief that one's own way of doing something is the best.
Q:
The jury trial did not prove to be very well suited to criminal proceedings in civil law systems. Which of the following came to provide a functional equivalent to the jury trial?
a. Trial by compurgation
b. Mixed benches
c. Petite, rather than Grand, juries
d. Trial by ordeal
Q:
Authentic classification strategies allow some predictivity regarding the group's members.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Election of judges by the people is not a common procedure by which persons become judges. Which of the following countries is an exception to that?
a. Bolivia
b. Israel
c. Switzerland
d. United States
Q:
Based on restrictions set in United States Supreme Court decisions, we would not expect the police to be able to independently detain a suspect for more than 15 hours before a judicial officer reviews the legality of the detention
a. True
b. False
Q:
When the court is deciding if the accused is guilty or innocent, the court is addressing a(n):
a. substantive law issue.
b. question of law.
c. question of fact.
d. issue of rapport.
Q:
When countries are compared in terms of the process they follow to accomplish such things as pretrial detention, the functions/procedures strategy is being used.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following best describes the new constitutional provisions regarding defense counsel in Russia?
a. The defense counsel controls the case investigation
b. The case investigator must include defense counsel in any investigative activities
c. A person is not allowed to have defense counsel until that person is formally charged
d. Defense counsel no longer has to be a member of the communist party
Q:
A country's police, court, and corrections systems are essentially independent of, and therefore uninfluenced by, that country's political system.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Access to defense counsel in Russia is clearly improved over what it was in Soviet times, but there remains a particular problem that some believe has compromised the right to counsel and protection against self-incrimination. Which of the following best reflects that concern?
a. Investigators will interrogate as a "witness" someone who is really a "suspect"
b. Defense counsel has no right to be present during interrogation of the defendant
c. Defense counsel is not allowed to suggest new directions for the investigation (e. g., request that forensic experts be called)
d. Rather than asking questions of the defendant directly, the court must always direct questions to the defense counsel
Q:
The police of one European Union country are allowed to pursue criminals across borders into another European Union country.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Why are defense lawyers scarce in Islamic law?
a. They are not specifically authorized in the Qur"an
b. There is no trial in Islamic law
c. Muslims traditionally act for themselves or rely on relatives or character witnesses
d. Defense lawyers are too expensive for the common defendant
Q:
Eurojust is a European Union (EU) organization that works to enhance cooperation and coordination of the prosecuting authorities in EU countries.
a. True
b. False
Q:
In which type of investigation are the French judicial police (under the supervision of district prosecutors) given the most extensive search, seizure, and detention authority?
a. Identity checks
b. Preliminary investigations
c. Investigations of flagrant offenses
d. All of the above, since French police have a similar level of authority regardless of the offense type
Q:
Countries making up the European Union remain independent sovereign nations.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The French career judiciary (called the magistrature) includes all the following EXCEPT:
a. trial judge.
b. public prosecutor (procureur).
c. solicitor (soliciteur).
d. investigating judge (juge d"instruction).
Q:
The European Union currently has 12 member states.
a. True
b. False
Q:
"Justiceland" allows the victim or the victim's relatives to initiate action against an offender. This process exemplifies:
a. retributive prosecution.
b. private prosecution.
c. public prosecution.
d. unlawful prosecution.
Q:
Interpol agents not only investigate cases across borders, but may also arrest suspects and detain them for local authorities.
a. True
b. False
Q:
According to the textbook, which of the following is NOT a descriptor of how public prosecution can be accomplished?
a. Panel of judges
b. Office of public prosecution
c. Procurator
d. Prosecution by other public officials
Q:
The United States and Mexico have "equal status" in their bilateral agreements.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The tendency in Islamic criminal trial proceedings is for the parties to:
a. be represented by an attorney versed in Shari"a.
b. be represented by their local imam.
c. be represented by the eldest male family member.
d. represent themselves.
Q:
An unfortunate problem with comparative studies is that countries interested in new ideas for their own system must get those ideas from countries at a similar level of development as themselves.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Because trial proceedings under Islamic law are as much a mediation process as one of adjudication, the parties do not necessarily need:
a. the assistance of counsel.
b. to be present at the trial.
c. to be heard by the judge.
d. to distinguish which is the victim.
Q:
Provincial benefits of an international perspective include providing new insight and understanding of one's own system.
a. True
b. False
Q:
At the completion of legal training in "Justiceland," Linda must decide which legal career she wants to enter. Upon meeting the entrance requirements for that field, Linda will not be able to easily move to any other legal field. What kind of legal profession does "Justiceland" have?
a. Separated
b. Adversarial
c. Unified
d. Inquisitorial
Q:
Lyda the librarian has grouped recently received DVDs into three categories according to whether they are most relevant to the topic of community policing, police training, or search and seizure procedures. Which classification strategy has Lyda used?
a. Authentic
b. Genuine
c. Synthetic
d. Credible
Q:
The French police structure is described as "multiple coordinated," but there are areas of friction between the Police Nationale and the Gendarmerie Nationale. What are some of the things that put stress on that "coordination"?
Q:
Synthetic classification strategies:
a. result in artificial groups.
b. are based on an extensive study of the object to be classified.
c. provide a classification that allows predictivity regarding the group's members.
d. are classification strategies that are later proven to be false.
Q:
Explain how it would be possible for a person visiting Canada to find a Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officer policing at the federal, provincial, and local levels.
Q:
What term refers to the grouping of individual objects into categories based on the objects' relationships?
a. Standardization
b. Designation
c. Nomination
d. Classification
Q:
Note the two dimensions of analysis used by Bayley to describe the structure of police systems and explain the six categories resulting from those dimensions.
Q:
Rosemary's descriptive account comparing the criminal justice systems in eight different countries notes that all of the countries require that similar jobs be done and that assignment of duties is also similar among the countries. As a result, Rosemary's account emphasizes specific positions within each system rather than describing each system's underlying structure. Which strategy is Rosemary taking in her descriptive approach?
a. Institutions/actors
b. Positions/stations
c. Functions/procedures
d. Tasks/techniques
Q:
The International Criminal Police Organization is more commonly known as _____.
Q:
In which of the following countries can the police, on their own authority, detain a suspect for up to 37 days?
a. United States
b. France
c. China
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
Q:
In the United States, both city and _____ forces are considered to be examples of local policing.
Q:
In an effort to better understand the operation of prisons in his neighboring country of Canada, Matthew reads the Criminal Code of Canada and some information sent to him by the Canadian solicitor general's office. Matthew's search for information exemplifies what approach?
a. Historical
b. Situational
c. Political
d. Descriptive
Q:
The country with more separate police forces than any country in the world is _____.
Q:
Of the three ways to study different criminal justice systems, which one does the text suggest is most helpful in understanding the difficulty of establishing a contemporary Iraqi police force?
a. Historical
b. Situational
c. Political
d. Descriptive
Q:
The _____ Civil is Spain's oldest national police force and was patterned after the French Gendarmerie.
Q:
Li Chang is interested in how the socialist principles of Mao Zedong are reflected in the sentences handed down in Chinese courts. Given that interest, the approach Li is taking would best be described as:
a. historical.
b. situational.
c. political.
d. descriptive.
Q:
Although each German state controls its own police force, the _____ government acts as a liaison and coordinating agent.
Q:
After a change in government leadership, Irena is put in charge of revamping her Central European country's police academy. To the extent that Irena researches police academies of other European countries when they were at a similar developmental stage, Irena is using what approach?
a. Historical
b. Situational
c. Political
d. Descriptive
Q:
In France, the Gendarmerie Nationale is the older police force and has primary responsibility for enforcing the law in rural areas, whereas the Police _____ is the larger force and has primary responsibility for urban areas.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT an approach used in the text to study different criminal justice systems?
a. Historical
b. Situational
c. Political
d. Descriptive
Q:
Japan's _____ vary in size and shape from kiosk-like structures at busy street intersections to a quaint house on the bank of a canal.
Q:
The three key institutions of the European Union are
a. European Parliament, Council of the European Union, and the European Commission.
b. Europol, Interpol, and International Criminal Court.
c. Free trade, free movement, and free media.
d. Germany, France, and Spain.
Q:
_____ is the sole example of a single police force under decentralized command.
Q:
What agency collects and disseminates information on international criminals as a way to assist countries in solving crimes and securing the arrest, detention, and extradition of suspects?
a. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
b. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
c. Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)
d. International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)
Q:
A properly issued European Arrest Warrant gives the police of European country "A" the right to arrest, then return to European country "B", a suspect from "B" without requiring traditional extradition procedures.
a. True
b. False
Q:
With which neighboring country has the United States opened the Bilateral Implementation Office so that officials from both countries can work together more easily?
a. Panama
b. Mexico
c. Canada
d. Greenland
Q:
When the Schengen Convention became effective in 1995, controls on people at the internal borders of those European countries signing the Convention were abolished.
a. True
b. False
Q:
With which neighboring country does the United States cooperate to form the Integrated Border Enforcement Team?
a. Panama
b. Mexico
c. Canada
d. Greenland
Q:
Most accurately, Interpol is a force of international detectives with worldwide jurisdiction.
a. True
b. False
Q:
When increased understanding of criminal justice systems in other countries allows a particular country to gain ideas for improving its own system, which of the following benefits of an international perspective is being provided?
a. Provincial
b. Universal
c. Ecumenical
d. Cosmopolitan
Q:
In the United States, the primary enforcement of state laws is the responsibility of local police.
a. True
b. False
Q:
When increased understanding of criminal justice systems in other countries allows those countries to cooperate in fighting crime, which of the following benefits of an international perspective is being provided?
a. Provincial
b. Universal
c. Local
d. Parochial
Q:
A majority of Canada's ten provinces have chosen to contract with the federal government for police services and therefore have Mounties serving as provincial police.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Provincial benefits of an international perspective include:
a. furnishing ideas to improve one's own system.
b. a means to compare and contrast one's own system.
c. providing new insight and understanding of one's own system.
d. All of the above.
e. None of the above.
Q:
Canadian municipal police differ from their American neighbors in that the Canadians have the authority to enforce certain federal statutes whereas local police in the U. S. cannot enforce federal statutes.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Studying legal systems in other countries is said to have both:
a. provincial and statistical benefits.
b. universal and worldwide benefits.
c. practical and theoretical benefits.
d. provincial and universal benefits.
Q:
Plainclothes German police officers who are similar to detectives in the United States are called the Deutsche Volkspolizei.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Surveys may be used to determine what citizens believe are a neighborhood's main -problems.
Q:
Mimetic isomorphism occurs when an organization copies or imitates another organization.
Q:
According to the text, when reading case studies, one can have reasonable confidence about the kinds of steps taken by the police in a neighborhood to provide accessibility, improve responsiveness, and increase communication with residents.
Q:
The COPS Office has increased the number of sworn officers per capita by 3 percent -nationwide and has also had a significant effect on the adoption of new and effective police practices.
Q:
Experiments in criminal justice raise both ethical and privacy issues.
Q:
Research has shed little light on the types of community policing activities in which various departments across the country are engaged.
Q:
A new model of law enforcement proposed in 1998 by Larry Sherman is called -community-oriented policing.
Q:
Much of what is known about community policing derives from case studies of community policing practices in cities throughout the country.
Q:
Assistance in experiments in criminal justice is available through the NIJ's Locally Initiated Research Partnerships in Policing.
Q:
Crime statistics are the only way to sufficiently evaluate the effectiveness of the community policing strategy.
Q:
According to the text, this research method involves the random assignment of individuals to experimental (treatment) and control (no treatment) conditions:
a. partnership research.
b. random assignment.
c. action research.
d. experimental design.
Q:
According to the text, this research method emphasizes full participation in the research by everyone directly affected by the process and results:
a. partnership research.
b. random assignment.
c. action research.
d. experimental design.
Q:
Criminologist Larry Sherman proposed a new model of law enforcement called:
a. action policing.
b. community-based policing.
c. evidence-based policing.
d. none of the above
Q:
According to the text, surveys can be conducted:
a. in person.
b. on the phone.
c. by mail.
d. all of the above
Q:
Which research foundation has created a center for survey research?
a. JRSA
b. Police Foundation
c. PERF
d. SEARCH
Q:
One of the best models for police"researcher alliance is an action research approach. This approach was first used by Lewin in what decade?
a. 1970s
b. 1960s
c. 1950s
d. 1940s
Q:
According to the text, which of these community policing tenets are of increased importance when facing budget cuts that reduce the number of officers on the street?
a. community partnerships
b. organizational transformation
c. problem solving
d. All are correct.
Q:
According to the text, what do most experts believe will have the most profound impact onthe collective ability of the federal, state, and local governments to protect the UnitedStates?
a. asymmetric threats
b. technological innovations
c. domestic terrorism
d. global terrorism