Q&A Hero

Q: Experiments in criminal justice raise ethical as well as ______________ issues. a. quality b. objectivity c. subjectivity d. privacy

Q: The Action Research Model is: a. a cyclical, multistep process. b. a nomination process for research topics. c. a process of development for grant-initiated research. d. the implementation process of the research.

Q: When departments are involved in the creation of surveys, they are more likely to use the research. This is an example of: a. process research. b. action research. c. partner research. d. practical research.

Q: According to the text, all of the following are ways a law enforcement agency can use data from research except: a. to justify equipment purchases. b. for grant applications. c. for disciplinary decisions. d. for hiring decisions.

Q: Futurists operate under three fundamental premises. Which of the following is not one of those principles? a. The future is not predictable. b. The future is not predetermined. c. Future outcomes can be influenced by individual choice. d. The future is static.

Q: According to the text, contrary to conventional wisdom law enforcement is: a. not open to research. b. predictable. c. unpredictable. d. open to research.

Q: To evaluate the effectiveness of specific community policing strategies, police departments should consider data from all of the following except: a. the health care system. b. schools. c. community surveys. d. homeless shelters.

Q: This organization was created in 1979 to enhance law enforcement as a profession and to improve law enforcement. a. IACP b. NOBLE c. CALEA d. PERF

Q: _____________ isomorphism occurs when organizations adopt something due to pressure either from the state or other organizations. a. Normative b. Coercive c. Refractive d. Mimetic

Q: Which organization for law enforcement research is a national membership organization -created by and for the states, dedicated to improving the criminal justice system through effective application of information and identification technology? a. JRSA b. Police Foundation c. PERF d. SEARCH

Q: The problems that have been associated with police research have been related to: a. the lack of department support of the research. b. the lack of community involvement in the research. c. the current exclusionary style of conducting research by academics who are more interested in generating publications than in providing useful information for departments. d. none of the above

Q: The Police Foundation conducted the classic Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment, which showed that increasing or decreasing the level of routine preventive patrolthe -backbone of police workhad ______________ on crime, fear of crime, or citizen -satisfaction with police services. a. marked positive effect b. no appreciable effect c. a negative effect d. determined that further study was necessary to determine if there was an effect

Q: ______________ isomorphism occurs when an organization copies or imitates another. a. Normative b. Coercive c. Refractive d. Mimetic

Q: According to the text, to validate an evaluation conducted by survey, ______________ of the distributed surveys must be returned. a. at least 20 percent b. at least 60 percent c. 85 percent d. all

Q: Most research on community policing strategies shows ______________ effects on crime rates, drug abuse and trafficking, and fear of crime. a. overwhelmingly positive b. fairly positive and statistically significant c. only modest and statistically insignificant d. absolutely no

Q: At the heart of experimental design are the experimental and control conditions, which are: a. random. b. calculated. c. intentional. d. selective.

Q: ______________ isomorphism results from professionalism, with influences coming from such organizations as the Police Executive Research Forum. a. Normative b. Coercive c. Refractive d. Mimetic

Q: What organization is a think tank focusing on issues of crime and justice? a. Justice Research Association b. Police Foundation c. PERF d. SEARCH

Q: Experts in police research have made a number of recommendations to improve police"researcher coordination. Which of the following is not one of those recommendations -discussed in the text? a. Law enforcement agencies should partner with only seasoned researchers to carefully design research. b. Law enforcement agencies should train their leaders in evaluating potential research to ensure their ability to identify suitable research partners and to recognize relevant -research topics. c. Agencies should establish regular forums through which their own research interests and priorities are communicated. d. Law enforcement agencies should be willing to initiate research partnerships on regional, national and local levels.

Q: The NIJ's Locally Initiated Research Partnerships in Policing usually involves partnerships between the local police department or other law enforcement agency and: a. elementary schools throughout the state. b. a local university. c. local community corrections. d. national crime prevention organizations such as MADD.

Q: Describe how futurists work. What will their role be in policing?

Q: Discuss the Schuster's research on eyewitness testimony and how DNA testing has -influenced convictions.

Q: What role should research play in community policing?

Q: Illustrate and explain the Action Research Model, labeling each step.

Q: Discuss the impact of the economic downturn on policing in the United States and the varied responses by the law enforcement community.

Q: At the heart of ______________ is the random assignment of individuals to experimental and control conditions.

Q: Hundreds of agencies across the United States and Canada have become ______________ and more are going through the process every year.

Q: According to the American Judicature Society, ______________ by eyewitness was the -leading cause of wrongful conviction in more than 75 percent the first 183 DNA -exonerations in the United States.

Q: The effectiveness of community policing is often measured using ______________ for a given jurisdiction.

Q: ______________ research emphasizes full participation by everyone directly affected by the process and results.

Q: ______________ means "similar in structural characteristics" and results in a one-size-fits-all approach to community policing.

Q: ______________ isomorphism results from professionalism, with influences coming from such organizations as PERF and IACP.

Q: ______________ isomorphism occurs when organizations adopt something as a result of pressure either from the state or other organizations.

Q: ____________ isomorphism occurs when an organization copies or imitates another.

Q: In reality, ______________ is more a philosophy than a model to use when confronted with an issue or problem.

Q: As stated by the authors, most experts believe that technological innovation will have the most profound impact on the collective ability of the federal, state and local governments to protect the United States.

Q: As pointed out in the text, contrary to conventional wisdom, law enforcement agencies are actually quite open to the research process.

Q: Globalization and the trend toward a decreasingly networked world economy will become more pronounced within the next 5 years.

Q: In the NIJ's Locally Initiated Research Partnerships in Policing, partners share responsibility throughout the entire project, jointly selecting an area of interest and collaborating on the research design, implementation and interpretation of findings.

Q: According to the text, even the most well-intentioned witnesses can identify the wrong -person or fail to identify the perpetrator of a crime.

Q: Describe the role media plays in the perpetuation of terrorism. How can law enforcement usethis?

Q: List and describe the methods used by terrorists to further their cause and how the United States can and should respond.

Q: Describe the USA PATRIOT Act and its purpose.

Q: Describe the types of methods of launching attacks used by terrorists. Identify their most common and dangerous methods.

Q: Describe the process of ideological development.

Q: A subtitle of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, called the Homeland Security Information Sharing Act, required the president to develop new procedures for ________________, as well as unclassified but otherwise sensitive information, with state and local police.

Q: ________________ involves such biological weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) as anthrax, botulism, and smallpox.

Q: According to the text, the most common threats include ________________ agents, ________________ agents, and ________________ exposure.

Q: On February 23, 1998, ________________ declared jihad, a holy war on the United States, calling on "every Muslim who believes in God and wishes to be rewarded to comply with God's order to kill Americans and plunder their money wherever and whenever they find it."

Q: According to the text, most terrorist acts result from dissatisfaction with a ________________, political, or social system or policy and frustration resulting from an inability to change it through acceptable, nonviolent means.

Q: The ________________ is where the coverage of terrorism inspires more terrorism.

Q: ________________ is defined by the FBI as "terrorism that initiates, or threatens to initiate, the exploitation of or attack on information systems."

Q: According to the FBI, ________________ involves violent acts or acts dangerous to human life that violate the criminal laws of the United States or any state, or that would be a -criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the United States or any state.

Q: Terrorism can survive without publicity, and the media generates much of this publicity.

Q: As stated by the authors, although the federal government has increased its efforts in the area of terrorism prevention and response, a large degree of responsibility for responding to threats of terrorism rests at the local level.

Q: According to the text, civil libertarians are not concerned that valued American freedoms are being sacrificed in the interest of national safety.

Q: The fight against terrorism begins in our own backyardsour own communities, our own neighborhoodsand police chiefs need to prepare themselves, their officers and their -communitiesthe people they"ve sworn to protectagainst terrorism.

Q: At the federal level, the FBI is the lead agency for responding to acts of domestic terrorism. The Department of Homeland Security is the lead agency for consequence management (after an attack).

Q: As a result of 9/11, the Department of Homeland Security was established, reorganizing the departments of the federal government.

Q: According to the text, trafficking in illicit goods and commodities, such as cigarettes, by -terrorists and their supporters is a critical element in generating funds.

Q: The September 11th attacks undoubtedly shifted the priorities of policing.

Q: Cyberterrorism is defined as the intimidation of civilian enterprise through the use of high technology to bring about political, religious, or ideological aims, actions that result in -disabling or deleting critical infrastructure data or information.

Q: Terrorists may use arson, explosives and bombs, weapons of mass destruction (biological, chemical or nuclear agents), and technology.

Q: The number of domestic terrorist attacks is almost triple the number of international acts of terrorism.

Q: According to the text, the single challenge in combating violence facing community policing is countering terrorism while continuing to address crime and disorder.

Q: The first line of defense against terrorism is the patrol officer in the field.

Q: The Department of Homeland Security established a five-level, color-coded threat system used to communicate with public safety officials and the public at large.

Q: The FBI categorizes terrorism in the United States as either domestic or international -terrorism.

Q: Local law enforcement can take several steps to prevent racial profiling and/or discrimination against Arab Americans. Which of the following is not a step law enforcement can take? a. increase communication and dialogue b. develop person-to-person contact c. identify community needs d. go undercover in mosques

Q: ________________ is a proactive program used by the police to identify critical -infrastructure locations in Los Angeles and develop a multiagency response. a. Watch LA b. L.A.W. c. Archangel d. CompStat

Q: Terrorism by nature is: a. religious. b. political. c. racial. d. territorial.

Q: The IACP has identified five key principles that should form the basis for a national -homeland security strategy. Which of the following is one of those key principles? a. All terrorism is local. b. Prevention is paramount. c. Hometown security is homeland security. d. all of the above

Q: The events of September 11, 2001, led to the development of the ________________, the country's first standardized management approach unifying federal, state and local -governments for incident response. a. National Corroborative Management System b. National Incident Management System c. National Incident Reference System d. none of the above

Q: The first guiding principle of the Department of Homeland Security is to protect: a. citizens of the United States. b. key government officials. c. key infrastructure. d. civil rights.

Q: The current color-coded security advisory system has been replaced by a ________________ National Terrorism Advisory System. a. three-level b. four-level c. two-level d. six-level

Q: The Department of Homeland Security has established a ________________-level, -color-coded threat system used to communicate with public safety officials and the public atlarge. a. five b. four c. three d. seven

Q: In 1996, the FBI established what organization to combat terrorism? a. Homeland Security b. Counterterrorism Center c. SEAL Teams d. FEMA

Q: It has been estimated that approximately ________________ percent of the country's critical infrastructure is protected by private security. a. 35 b. 65 c. 85 d. 25

Q: Who was the Unabomber? a. Ramzi Ahmed Yousef b. Timothy McVeigh c. Lucas Helder d. Theodore Kaczynski

Q: On October 26, 2001, this law was signed into law by President George W. Bush, giving police unprecedented ability to search, seize, detain, or eavesdrop in their pursuit of possible terrorists: a. US-VISIT Act. b. Homeland Security Act. c. USA PATRIOT Act. d. Executive Order 21.