Q&A Hero

Q: Describe the gang subculture and discuss the importance of a value system.

Q: List and describe prevention efforts that need to be addressed in youth's lives.

Q: As discussed in the text, explain the importance of recognizing a gang problem in the -community and why those in authority are reluctant to recognize the problem.

Q: _______________ includes crisis intervention, treatment for youths and their families, -outreach, and referral to social services.

Q: As defined by the text, a _______________ is a group of people whose allegiance is based on social needs and who engage in acts injurious to the public.

Q: _______________ provide basic or remedial education, training, work incentives, and jobs for gang members.

Q: As defined in the text, _______________ are criminal organizations that originated within the penal system and operate within correctional facilities in the United States.

Q: _______________ refers to a multiagency law enforcement team imposing all available sanctions.

Q: Within a school, gangs can thrive on anonymity, _______________ and lack of awareness by school personnel.

Q: According to the text, _______________ is an at-risk youth job training center in Los -Angeles created to provide counseling, training, and work experience.

Q: _______________ is one of the main approaches that Los Angeles is using in fighting gangs.

Q: According to an OJJDP survey, the strategy most frequently used by law enforcement to address the gang problem is _______________.

Q: The program that takes a proactive approach to stopping gang violence is called GREAT, an acronym that stands for _______________.

Q: According to the text, the most effective strategy to address the gang problem is _______________.

Q: A nickname given to a gang member is called a _______________.

Q: A manner of dress that uses an imaginary line drawn vertically through the body to show alle-giance to a gang is called _______________.

Q: Gangs are becoming increasingly adaptable and sophisticated, employing new and advanced technology to facilitate criminal activity.

Q: According to the text, the components of prevention, suppression, and intervention combine to create a full-service gang unit.

Q: There is no single solution or "magic bullet" that will prevent youths from joining gangs.

Q: Street gang activity and violence may also increase as more dangerous gang members are released early from prison.

Q: Pulling levers refers to a multiagency law enforcement team imposing all available sanctions on gang members who violate standards of behavior.

Q: Efforts to prevent gang memberships should target children as young as 10.

Q: The National Youth Gang Center has developed a protocol for assessing a gang problem and a planning guide to assist communities in addressing a gang problem.

Q: Behaviors associated with gangs include delinquency and drug use.

Q: According to the text, the condition that makes the school environment most ripe for gang activity is denial because public officials are more focused on image concerns for their organizations.

Q: A street gang is a subgroup of a youth gang.

Q: According to a recent survey, all of the responding police agencies in the largest U.S. cities (those with populations over 250,000) reported gang problems.

Q: Typically, police chiefs in cities where gangs have recently arrived are quick to recognize the threat gangs pose to the community.

Q: According to the text, youths seeking protection, security, status, an identity, a sense of belonging, and economic security can fulfill all of these needs through gang membership.

Q: The ethnic/racial makeup of gangs seems to correlate with the racial makeup of our society at or near the poverty level.

Q: Gangs have a strong appeal for many children who live in communities where gangs thrive.

Q: Civil injunctions can be used to reduce gang activity.

Q: As an alternative to graffiti, students might be encouraged to design and paint murals in locations where graffiti is most likely to occur.

Q: To combat the gang problem, behavior codes in schools should be established and firmly, consistently enforced.

Q: The law enforcement approach to gangs has remained fairly consistent since the 1950s.

Q: The computerized Gang Intelligence System includes all of the following features except: a. gang profile data. b. gang monikers. c. related criminal activity. d. vehicle information.

Q: The GRIP program targets groups of students in what grades? a. third, fifth, and ninth b. second, fifth, and tenth c. second, fifth, and ninth d. second, sixth, and ninth

Q: According to the text, gangs use children to commit all of the following acts in schools except: a. shoplifting. b. murder. c. burglaries. d. drug sales.

Q: According to the text, when gangs have a substantial presence in the community, there is a strong correlation to: a. violent crime. b. narcotic sales. c. community fear. d. delinquency from school.

Q: Gang allegiance may also be indicated by representing to show allegiance or opposition to a gang. Representing is: a. gang literature. b. tattoos. c. hand signs. d. manner of dress.

Q: The Beaverton Police Department graffiti removal program: a. was not cost-effective. b. called for the prompt removal of graffiti anywhere it appeared. c. targeted taggers because tagger graffiti is the majority of what they experienced. d. offered rewards for information about graffiti vandals.

Q: Factors that distinguish youths who join gangs from those who do not join gangs include: a. failure to perform well in school. b. antisocial tendencies in families. c. both a and b d. neither a nor b

Q: Gangs use females to carry weapons and tools for committing crimes because: a. officers are hesitant to search females. b. females attract less attention than males. c. male gang members would receive a stiffer sentence if caught with these objects. d. females are less likely to get caught than males.

Q: Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs use all of the following to counter law enforcement efforts except: a. violence. b. wide-ranging criminal activity. c. strong central leadership. d. cooperation.

Q: According to the text, _______________ distribute wholesale quantities of drugs. a. local street gangs b. sophisticated criminal networks c. organized street gangs d. prison gangs

Q: According to the text, many gang members continue to engage in gang activity while: a. on trial. b. incarcerated. c. on vacation. d. all of the above

Q: Member of at least _______________ gangs have been identified on both domestic and international military installations. a. 36 b. 53 c. 68 d. 42

Q: The Youth Leading Change program engages area youth in: a. free bus transportation to youths. b. leadership activities. c. after-school programs. d. counseling.

Q: An estimated 756,000 gang members are active in roughly _______________ gangs -nationwide. a. 15,000 b. 25,000 c. 29,000 d. 35,000

Q: Homeboy Industries' main focus is to: a. eliminate gang activity. b. help at-risk youths prepare for their future, not their funeral. c. provide after-school programs for troubled youth. d. provide GED education for youths who drop out of school.

Q: According to the authors, crisis intervention, treatment for youths and their families, -outreach, and referral to social services are elements of a _______________ strategy to address the gang problem. a. community mobilization b. suppression c. social intervention d. organizational change

Q: In the 1950s and 1960s, law enforcement used _______________ toward gangs. a. a social services approach b. a suppression approach c. the same approach they used throughout the 20th century d. a clearly superior approach to that being used today

Q: One way in which community involvement can help reduce or prevent gang activity in schools is: a. for parents to prohibit their children from participating in gangs. b. for the community to apply pressure to the entertainment media regarding destructive shows, music, and videos. c. It can"t. It will only promote fear and hysteria if the community is told of gang activity. d. none of the above

Q: Developing conflict prevention strategies in dealing with gang problems in schools means that: a. teachers should be trained to recognize and deal with gang members in nonconfrontational ways. b. once identified, gang members should be expelled. c. all students should be informed of the names of those suspected of being gang affiliated. d. uniformed officers should be assigned to patrol halls and school grounds on a continual basis during school hours.

Q: A study supported by the NIJ showed that students who graduated from the GREAT course showed: a. higher levels of delinquency, risk-taking behavior, and approval of violence. b. higher levels of self-esteem, parental attachment, and perceived educational -opportunities. c. lower levels of commitment to positive peers, antigang attitudes, and perceived positive school environments. d. no long-term benefits or drawbacks.

Q: A national partnership aimed at reducing gang-related crime is called: a. Operation Ceasefire. b. Project Safe Schools. c. GREAT Program. d. Project Safe Neighborhood.

Q: Tactics such as prevention, arrest, imprisonment, supervision, and surveillance are part of the _______________ strategy to address the gang problem. a. community mobilization b. suppression c. social intervention d. organizational change

Q: A frequently used law enforcement strategy to deal with street gang problems is: a. suppression. b. social intervention. c. community mobilization. d. all of the above

Q: Which region of the United States has the highest number of gang members? a. the East b. North c. the West d. the South

Q: Female gang members: a. are decreasing in number nationwide. b. are often drug dependent and physically abused. c. generally hold positions of power within the gang. d. comprise nearly 40 percent of gang membership.

Q: Gangs use children because: a. their youthful appearance often does not arouse suspicion. b. if caught, the system is more lenient than with adults. c. both a and b d. neither a nor b

Q: As stated in the text, a full-service gang unit uses which of the following components? a. pressure b. institutionalization c. prevention d. none of the above

Q: According to the text, gang membership increased most significantly in the Northeast and: a. Southeast. b. Northwest. c. Southwest. d. South.

Q: According to the text, gangs are identified by all of the below except: a. name. b. turf concerns. c. symbols, colors, or special dress. d. age.

Q: Indicators of gang activity include: a. graffiti. b. open sale of drugs. c. intimidation assaults. d. all of the above

Q: A main objective of the Kops "˜n" Kids program is to present police as positive role models and to build trust with children.

Q: The Adam Walsh Child Protection Act, also known as the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA), created a new federal sex offender registry.

Q: This system links eye-scanning cameras with computers to identify people who have been preauthorized to enter schools. a. JBAS b. SSI c. T-PASS d. T-COP

Q: After-school programs are often touted as one method to keep youths out of trouble and to help them succeed in school. A __________________ has been developed and is being piloted by the COPS Office. a. Police-Based After-School Program b. Citizen-Based After-School Program c. Justice-Based After-School Program d. Volunteer-Based After-School Program

Q: The FBI's four-pronged assessment evaluates four major areas making up the "totality of the circumstances." Which of the following is not one of these factors? a. personality of the student b. family dynamics c. school dynamics d. societal dynamics

Q: This police department has the Horizons Family Counseling project operating out of the police department: a. Boston. b. Livermore. c. Chicago. d. Los Angeles.

Q: Safe Start was developed to prevent and reduce the impact of family and community -violence on young children. What age group was the program developed for? a. birth to 6 b. birth to 3 c. birth to 10 d. none of the above

Q: The America's Promise Alliance, founded in 1997, focuses on five promises. Which of the following is not one of those promises? a. caring adults b. safe places c. a healthy start d. free lunches

Q: Who was the founder of the America's Promise Alliance in 1997? a. Madeline Albright b. Colin Powell c. Donald Rumsfeld d. George H.W. Bush

Q: The Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act, also known as the Sex Offender -Registration and Notification act (SORNA), went into effect in: a. 2004. b. 2006. c. 2005. d. 2007.

Q: The developmental asset approach promotes all of the following except: a. social competence. b. commitment to learning. c. extracurricular activities. d. endorsement.

Q: Which one of the three types of activities, as identified by Finn, do School Resource Officers not engage in? a. law enforcement b. mentoring c. friendship d. teaching

Q: According to the text, crisis planning is the final prong in: a. effective leadership. b. effective mentoring. c. effective management. d. effective security.

Q: The Kops "˜n" Kids program, endorsed by the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), brings together children and officers to: a. counteract negative perceptions of police. b. have lunch. c. participate in ride-along programs. d. have fun rather than to deliver antidrug or anticrime speeches.

Q: According to a Rand research report, all of the following are risk factors of adolescent -violence except: a. exhibiting early deviant behavior. b. poor grades. c. frequent moves during elementary school. d. All are characteristics of adolescent violence.