Q&A Hero

Q: All states are required by IDEA to develop training for paraprofessionals.

Q: An optimal working relationship between teacher and paraprofessional is highly dependent on a. Recognition of the paraprofessional's job b. Independence of the paraprofessional c. Skills of the paraprofessional d. Communication between early interventionist and paraprofessional

Q: The job design is the responsibility of the a. Teacher b. Paraprofessional c. Team including parents d. Both a and b

Q: A service or services commonly provided by teaching assistants are a. planning individual goals for the children b. greeting the children and assisting with all routines c. representing the teacher in IEP meetings d. all of the above

Q: One-to-one assistants should a. Provide whatever degree of intervention they think is necessary b. Act as a buffer between the child and her peers c. Avoid stigmatizing the child as the only one is the class who requires a personal assitant d. View their position in the classroom as permanent

Q: Which of the following does not contribute to effective coteaching? a. Adequate planning time b. The one teaching, one supporting structure c. Commitment to collaboration d. Strict adherence to one's own teaching philosophy

Q: Which of the following is not a reason for professional burnout among paraprofessionals? a. Recognition of a job well done b. Inadequate training which keeps them off the team c. Undefined role description d. No opportunity for advancement

Q: Which role is not appropriate for the teacher in the teacher-paraprofessional relationship? a. Role model b. Manager c. Leader d. Boss

Q: Which of the following give an indication that a paraprofessional knows how to begin successful involvement with young children? a. Say that he/she loves children b. Get on eye level with the children c. Show a real interest in the families d. Has raised children of his or her own

Q: A job description for an aide should be a. Kept on the wall of the classroom b. Written and kept by the teacher c. Written at least once a year d. Written by the principal

Q: Important components of effective collaboration include a. Effective communication b. Problem solving c. Conflict resolution d. All of the above

Q: The preferred consultation approach in education today is a. Collaborative consultation model b. Clinical consultation model c. Itinerant consultation model d. ECSE consultation model

Q: Itinerant consultant strategies and activities should include a. Ongoing therapy b. Lesson plans c. Observation d. Only working directly with the child, to give the staff release time

Q: A common inclusion support model approach is a. Peer coaching b. Coteaching c. Administrative support d. Inclusion therapy

Q: Examples of support that an inclusion specialist might provide include: a. Inservice and information to staff members b. Ongoing observation and assessment of child c. Demonstration/modeling of specific interventions d. All of the above

Q: Which of the following is not a factor in the successful inclusion of a child with special needs in a community-based setting? a. Well-trained, flexible ECE staff b. Family involvement c. Potty trained d. Mutual respect between ECE staff and special education therapeutic staff

Q: The most obvious characteristic of children with cognitive delay is their slower rate of development.

Q: Symbolic play usually comes before functional play.

Q: A good game for object permanence is peek-a-boo.

Q: Teaching must be activity-based.

Q: Object permanence is mastered in typical children by the sensorimotor substage 3 at 5 to 8 months.

Q: Children are able to master rote memory almost from birth.

Q: Most teachers tend to teach predominately through talking.

Q: The term "developmental delay" can be misleading because it implies that children will eventually "catch up" to their non-disabled peers.

Q: A cognitive skill appropriate for a preschool child is symbolic representation.

Q: Preschool programs should emphasize the direct instruction of reading with reading readiness activities.

Q: In a structured learning experience centered on fine motor activities in an inclusive early education classroom, which is the desired makeup of children and adults in groups? a. One large group with adults in groups b. Small groups with the children with disabilities making up one group with one adult c. Small groups composed of children with and without disabilities in each group with one adult. d. Small groups composed of children with and without disabilities in each group without an adult.

Q: Children with significant cognitive disabilities a. Have short-term memory deficits and language problems b. Have difficulty focusing and sitting still c. Have difficulty solving problems and using symbolic play d. Have significant motor problems and are talkative

Q: _________, or ordering according to relative differences, is thought to be an early step towards understanding number concepts. a. Assimilation b. Cognition c. Object permanence d. Seriation

Q: In the preoperational stage, children can a. Perform logical thinking and reasoning b. Engage in symbolic, pretend play c. Use processes for hypothesis testing d. Decenter

Q: Typical children begin to act out "what would happen if.." scenarios at about age a. 1 or 1 years b. 2 or 3 years c. 4 or 5 years d. 6 or 7 years

Q: The child who uses simple manipulation in play by banging and throwing objects is showing a. Intentionality b. Intuitive ability c. Imitation d. Functional play

Q: The 18- to 24-month-old toddler shows that he or she has the ability to think by showing a. Intuitive ability and intentionality b. Deferred imitation and pretend play c. Concrete operations and formal operations d. Acting out future scenarios

Q: When young children learn to discriminate in shape, size, distance, and color, they are getting ready for a. Object permanence b. Symbolic representation c. Short-term memory storage d. Phonemic awareness

Q: The three basic cognitive processes are a. Attention, perception, memory b. Phonemic awareness, phonological awareness, symbolic ability c. Construction of reality, intentionality, problem solving d. Focus, assimilation, accommodation

Q: Piaget identified the sensorimotor period of development as a. Between birth and age 5 b. Between ages 2 and 6 c. Between birth and age 2 d. After age 3

Q: Pragmatic language includes nonverbal as well as verbal behaviors.

Q: The professional responsible for testing hearing testing helping a child get the most from his residual hearing is an audiologist.

Q: A significant advantage of the PECS system is that is requires social interaction.

Q: Teaching nonspeech communication, like sign, interferes with learning speech.

Q: The foundations of language are laid during the first year of life.

Q: Communication and language are complex skills that are best understood with a context of social interaction.

Q: Children develop "narrative" skills at about 2.

Q: When a child begins an AAC system, he or she should start with the most high-tech equipment that is likely to be needed.

Q: The first language is learned in predictable ways in an interactive environment but the second language must be taught in a different way.

Q: An augmentative communication system should only be used when it appears that a child will not learn to speak.

Q: Learning correct word order is an aspect ofa. Phonologyb. Morphologyc. Semanticsd. Syntax

Q: Young children should be encouraged to learn language for many purposes or "functions." Not included in functional language use is a. Reciting the alphabet b. Making requests c. Obtaining social interaction d. Gaining and giving information

Q: Children with autism often handle information more easily through which method of presentation? a. Auditory/verbal b. Visual/graphic c. Auditory repetition d. Lip reading

Q: An example of a low-tech device or system would be a. Photo book b. Computer keyboard c. Software program d. Switch-activated toy

Q: The child who is most likely to have concept and vocabulary affected is a child who has a disability of a. Hearing loss b. Visual impairment c. Cognitive impairment d. Autism

Q: Another word for content in language is a. Phonology b. Semantics c. Syntax d. Morphology

Q: Pragmatics can be defined as a. The rules for word order in language b. The sounds of the language c. The social skills of language d. The rules for correct grammar

Q: Speech and language a. Develop systematically beginning with the birth cry b. Begin to develop at about 6 months c. Begin to develop at about 18 months d. Develop in different ways in different cultures

Q: Which of the following is probably not a necessary condition for the normal development of communication skills? a. Intact central nervous system b. Development of normal gross motor skills c. Normal cognitive skills d. Adequate hearing

Q: In working with a severely disabled, nonverbal child, one of the first steps in designing a communication training program is a. Assessing speech production skills b. Teaching receptive vocabulary c. Identifying high-preference items and activities d. Identifying specific target responses to be trained

Q: Physical therapists are usually concerned with large muscle movement while occupational therapists are more often involved with fine motor function and activities of daily living.

Q: Creating en route objectives are not necessary to prevent children from experiencing failure.

Q: The focus of therapeutic intervention has shifted from developmental goals to functional independence.

Q: Growth and development tend to proceed from the outer extremities to the spine.

Q: Motor development follows a highly predictable sequential and overlapping pattern.

Q: A hypotonic child is often called a "floppy" child.

Q: Research reveals a significant relationship between visual-perceptual training and improved academic performance.

Q: Apgar scores indicate the intelligence levels of newborns.

Q: If a child has a significant motor disability he or she is highly likely to have a cognitive deficit as well.

Q: In the preschool years, girls appear to perform better on fine motor tasks while boys tend to be more adept at large motor tasks.

Q: Another word for "spasticity" as a motor disability is a. Athetosis b. Hypotonic c. Hypertonic d. Floppy

Q: The pattern of voluntary movement that begins in the shoulder, then moves on to the elbow area, wrist, and finally the fingers is called the a. Proximo-distal pattern b. Mass-to-specific pattern c. Bilateral-to-unilateral pattern d. Maximum-to-minimum muscle-involvement pattern

Q: The rate and quality of physical and motor development are influenced most by a. Age and environmental factors b. Physiological maturation and environmental factors c. Age and internal motivation d. Internal motivation and physiological maturation

Q: The most useful way to assess motor skills primarily involves a. Norm-referenced tests b. Criterion-referenced tests c. Observation d. Standardized tests

Q: The fact that children increasingly learn to eliminate unnecessary body movement demonstrates which of the following basic principles of growth? a. Bilateral to unilateral development b. Gross motor to fine motor development c. Proximo-distal growth d. Maximum to minimum muscle involvement

Q: A useful technique to employ when teaching self-help skills is a. Reverse chaining b. Behavior modification c. Concrete reinforcement d. Shaping

Q: Hand dominance is often not achieved until the age of a. 4 years b. 5 years c. 6 years d. 7 years

Q: If you were asked to prepare a lesson involving the development of gross motor skills, which of the following would not be considered? a. Outlining with stencils or templates b. Walking on a balance beam c. Throwing a ball to a partner d. Playing "Simon Says"

Q: How does a child who experiences tactile defensiveness react to being touched? a. The child feels self-conscious b. The child feels happy c. The child feels in danger d. The child feels pain

Q: If you were asked to prepare a lesson involving the development of fine motor skills, which of the following would not be considered? a. Pasting colored strips of paper together b. Following the movement of a penlight c. Kicking a ball toward a target d. Assembling a wooden puzzle

Q: Loud, lively music can be upsetting for children who have difficulty with control.

Q: A child is born with a particular temperament. It cannot be changed in any way.

Q: The onset of ADHD is before the age of 5.

Q: Children with disabilities need only be put in the same environment with children without disabilities for peer imitation to occur.