Q&A Hero

Q: Which is the best explanation that materials are independent from the ideas that they represent? a. Materials are used as resources and may not be related in any way to the meaning that the child assigns to the final product. b. Children have the skills necessary to use the materials independently. c. What children represent with a specific material is highly dependent upon cues suggested by the materials themselves. d. The technical difficulties that a child experiences while using a specific material influence the meaning of the final product.

Q: Which of the following is a true statement? a. If a standardized test is valid and reliable, it can be used to place children in special settings. b. The only problem with ongoing observational assessment is that it tends to be intrusive. c. Observation of children can be seriously flawed if interpretation of the evaluator includes a leniency factor. d. All of the above. e. None of the above.

Q: Which material is least likely to require the cognitive function necessary for construction play? a. An erector set which James selects to make an oil derrick b. Blocks that Adel selects to construct an apartment building. c. A paint-by-number set that was a gift to Thad. d. Stones, sticks and leaves that Kelvin uses to make a village.

Q: In standardized testing, what does the termvalidity mean? a. The test measures what it is supposed to. b. The child's score will be the same if the test is re-administered. c. The test has been normed on a population characteristic of the children taking the test. d. a and c e. a and b

Q: Which child is engaged in the most complex form of pretend play?a. Karen is making a nurses cap so that she can play nurse with other children as patients.b. Jacquel is quietly talking to herself as if she were sailing a boat while painting blue watercolor.c. Vincent is providing the noise for the truck he is moving across the floor, "rummmm, rummmm".d. Donald is "cooking" while playing alone in the housekeeping area.

Q: In order to obtain good reliability in scoring comprehension when taking an oral reading sample, which of the following would be appropriate? a. Ask another teacher to listen in. b. Structure individual, different questions for each child. c. Ask closed-ended questions to cut down on ambiguity. d. Structure several questions and ask the same questions of each child tested.

Q: How are meta-communications used during pretend play? a. To describe what is and is not play. b. To construct the play frame. c. To transform objects and settings. d. All of the above

Q: In scoring an oral reading tape for the child's reading accuracy, which is the correct procedure? a. Subtract the number of correct words read from the total. Divide the total number of words read. b. Multiply the total number of words read by the number of uncorrected mistakes. c. Subtract the number of uncorrected mistakes from the total. Divide by the total number of mistakes. d. Subtract the number of uncorrected mistakes from the total. Divide by the total number of words read.

Q: Four-year-old Winslow is under the snack table growling and bending his fingers in a claw like action. What elements of pretend play is he demonstrating? a. All of the elements are present. b. None of the elements are present. c. Make believe, role taking, and object substitution. d. Transformation of time, make believe, object invention.

Q: Which of the following portfolios is passed from teacher to teacher at the end of the year? a. Individual portfolio b. Institutional portfolio c. Teacher portfolio d. Showcase portfolio e. Class portfolio

Q: How can a play frame be established? a. Nonverbally, by beginning to enact a familiar role. b. By invitation, "Let's play"¦" c. By announcing a role, "I"m the teacher". d. All of the above e. None of the above

Q: Which is true of rating scales? a. They are essentially the same as time-sample participation charts. b. They exist of frequency counts or behavior tallies of specific behaviors as they occur. c. They always have an evaluative component qualifying behavior or skill acquisition. d. All of the above e. None of the above

Q: Alana, Judith, and Salinda were pretending to operate a post office with other children being the customers. What would you expect Judith and Salinda to do when Alana "˜drove" her truck into the counter area? a. Stop playing. b. Ask if she wanted some stamps. c. Tell her that the mail was by the back door and ready for transport. d. Call the adult for assistance.

Q: Which of the following would be required in participation charts? a. Time sampling b. Event sampling c. 10-Minute observation periods d. Involving other adults in the classroom e. Dated work samples

Q: The 3-year olds in Mrs. Mezga's class at Missouri Central School are asked to create an Eskimo village out of cardboard boxes and other art materials. Based on what you have read about construction, select the answer that best describes the appropriateness of this activity.a. It is appropriate because the children are getting to make something out of open-ended materials.b. It is inappropriate because the children have no conceptual base from which to develop their construction.c. It is appropriate because the children are getting a chance to work together on a tangible product.d. It is inappropriate because the activity is not relevant to the children's lives.e. a and cf. b and d

Q: What is the best feature of using portfolios? a. They focus on what children can do. b. They clearly document what children have failed to learn. c. They are less time consuming than giving a traditional paper/pencil test. d. a and b e. b and c

Q: In the block area, Ms. Halliwell noticed that Su Min was making another enclosure to put the animals in. As she knelt beside her, she asked Su Min to tell her about her structure. "House," Su Min replied. Ms. Halliwell said, "It is a good thing you are building a house, as it might rain today. Will the people in your house get wet?" What roles or strategies did Ms. Halliwell use? 1) Observing 2) Scaffolding 3) Monitoring for safety 4) Analyzing the task a. 4 b. 3 and 4 c. 1 and 3 d. 1 and 2

Q: Which of the following is not an issue in assessment? a. Labeling and tracking typically developing children on the basis of test results. b. Differences in skill and concept development in young children. c. Tests that are unrelated to the course of instruction or the learning goals. d. Cultural bias in the test items.

Q: The following day, Ms. Kruger laid bedrolls in the tent and set up a hibachi (small grill) and some cooking tools before the children came in. What role is she playing? a. Observer b. Mediator c. Planner d. Collaborator

Q: Which of the following is a necessary component in the responsible administration of tests? a. Establishing good rapport with children before testing. b. Choosing an appropriate evaluation setting. c. Consideration of timing. d. Determining the purpose of the assessment. e. All of the above

Q: Once the children got underway, Ms. Kruger indicated that she thought she should make a phone call near the ranger's office and then get back to work. She left the campsite and continued to check on the play periodically during the day. What role is she playing? a. Observer b. Mediator c. Responder d. Collaborator

Q: What is the disadvantage of observational assessment? a. It is intrusive. b. It has on-the-spot utility for improving interactions and instructional strategies. c. Information can be gathered in natural settings. d. It yields hypotheses that can be evaluated later on. e. None of the above

Q: Ms. Kruger quietly walked up to the "camp fire" outside the tent where two children were standing around picking up materials and putting them down one Monday morning. She asked if she could play, too, and James nodded yes. "This is a very fine campsite. I am getting hungry," Ms. Kruger said as she began to kneel by the "fire" with a tiny stick in her hand. What role is she playing? a. Observer b. Collaborator c. Planner d. Model

Q: Which of the following should not be included in a portfolio? a. Written work b. Drawing and Painting c. Video- and/or audiotapes d. Every anecdotal record

Q: Dimitri crawled around, growling to himself, sometimes approaching other children. Nichol told him that he should just go home. Dimitri crawled over to the large blocks where he arranged them as a three-sided enclosure with boards for a roof. Then he growled that he was going into his own lion den. What type of a construction project was this? a. One from natural encounters. b. One stemming from mutual interests of teachers and children. c. One stemming from teacher concerns. d. One stemming from thematic concerns.

Q: Portfolios should contain a collection of only the child's best work at particular points in time.

Q: Nicholas first examined the magnets and then arranged them carefully, talking to himself. What kind of play is this likely to be? Mark all that apply. 1) Pretend with art materials 2) Make believe 3) Pretend with objects 4) Pretend with miniatures a. 1 only b. 2 and 3 c. 3 and 4 d. 1 and 2

Q: The assessment of children's conceptual understanding, skills, and interests should be the basis for a teacher's instruction.

Q: A box covered with foil stood in the corner near some silver covered capes and foil covered smaller boxes with rectangular space cut out of them which allowed the children who wore them to see. Four children donned their "space suits" and entered their "space ship" and prepared for the countdown. Mr. Redker was pleased with the way this unit was developing. What type of play is this? Mark all that apply. 1) Story re-enactment 2) Theme-related play 3) Write and play 4) Socio-dramatic play a. 2 and 4 b. 3 c. 1 and 4 d. 2 and 3

Q: Participation charts are used to evaluate the quality of a child's interaction with others during a class activity.

Q: Violent play rarely emerges from the carefully planned play opportunities provided by teachers as a part of the curriculum.

Q: Young children are particularly good subjects for observation, because they haven"t yet learned how to mask their feelings.

Q: A specific object or event may be successfully represented by many different kinds of materials.

Q: The uninformed evaluator is the most dangerous element in the evaluation setting.

Q: Teachers in the primary grades are usually more comfortable with construction activities than with pretend play activities in the classroom.

Q: In order to be valid, authentic assessment should be separated from actual classroom teaching and activity.

Q: Mr. Hobek's second grade is weaving potholders for a gift using a metal frame and looped stretch fabric purchased for this purpose. This is an appropriate construction activity.

Q: Rubrics are scoring tools that list gradations of quality from excellent to poor for use in observing or evaluating behavior or skills.

Q: All standardized testing for children in early childhood settings should be eliminated in favor of using classroom-conducted assessment.

Q: Adults generally understand what the construction is with no other cues than can be had by looking at it.

Q: Object exploration is typical of the early preschool children, but is unnecessary to 5-8-year olds.

Q: Validity of a test refers to its consistency over time and also its consistency when administered by more than one person.

Q: Occupational role assumption appears at about two and a half in the early childhood period and becomes more elaborate over time.

Q: The terms screening and readiness are not synonymous.

Q: Everyone in the proximity of a pretend play scenario is in the play frame.

Q: What is the least intrusive phase of the Authoritative Teaching Continuum? What adult behavior represents maximum control?

Q: Play is governed by internal rules.

Q: What is the difference between the uninvolved teaching style and the permissive teaching style?

Q: The opposite of play is seriousness.

Q: What is the emotional component of self-discipline that serves a "˜stop" function?

Q: Based on your understanding of the definition of play, the game of ping-pong could represent "˜play" for some people, but not for others.

Q: What are the four Experiential Influences through which children develop self-discipline?

Q: Identify 3 strategies for helping children develop positive attitudes toward diversity

Q: What is the term for the force that motivates people to comply with a rule because someone they admire advocates the rule?

Q: List three reasons why a group of young children may exclude a particular child.

Q: Four-year-old Sara waits to get a snack until everyone else has one. Her teacher says, Sara, you are a very patient girl." What strategy did her teacher use? a. Positive attribution b. Rewards and punishments c. Direct instruction d. Modeling

Q: Identify three of the major components of social responsibility.

Q: When is modeling most effective? a. When the model is another child. b. When the model is doing something children wish they could do but are not yet capable of doing on their own. c. When the model's behavior is pointed out to the children. d. When the model is a male. e. None of the above

Q: List the basic categories of friendship skills.

Q: Mr. Sanchez walks into the school library and finds 3 second graders behind the shelves, cutting pages out of a book about shells. He considers the following consequences. Which of these would be defined as logical according to your book? 1) The children must earn the money to replace the shell book. 2) The children may not use the library until a new shell book is purchased. 3) The children must tape the pages back into the book. 4) The children must stay after school and work in the library for the next month. a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 3 and 4 d. 1, 3 and 4

Q: Identify the steps people go through in order to be helpful.

Q: Which of the following is an example of a positive consequence? a. Saying, "You worked a long time on that project. I"m pleased you were so thorough." b. Giving a start sticker on a spelling paper. c. Allowing children to earn video game tokens for reading ten books. d. b and c only e. All the above

Q: Which of the following is part of negotiating a conflict? a. Explaining the reasons behind a suggested solution. b. Accepting reasonable disagreement. c. Compromising on a solution. d. Listening to and acknowledging others' rights, opinions and feelings. e. All of the above

Q: Two children are arguing over who will get to use the toy stethoscope. They are pulling on it and pushing each other. What might an authoritative teacher do first? a. Take the stethoscope away for the rest of the day. b. Send the children to time-out. c. Negotiate the conflict. d. None of the above

Q: Mr. Lynn taught his first graders an English-American and an African-American version of the same singing game. Which social studies curricular area would this best represent? a. Sociology b. Human Ecology c. Anthropology d. Geography

Q: Megan and Jerome have been warned that if they continue to throw sand they will have to go to another area to play. You observe them throwing sand again. In this situation what would an authoritative adult do? a. Escort the children to a different area. b. Give the children a second warning of what will happen if they continue. c. Explain that the sand is blowing in other children's eyes. d. Ask children what they think should happen as a result of their actions.

Q: Which of the following best suits the goal of promoting an inclusive early childhood setting? a. Hanging up a picture of Martin Luther King, Jr. on his birthday. b. Making gingerbread men for Christmas. c. Inviting children to bring their favorite food from home to share with the class. d. Taking a field trip to an orchard and having children select a favorite apple then explaining his or her choice to the group.

Q: Loretta slams the keys on the computer very roughly after being told to push them more gently. What would be a logical consequence? a. A key breaks. b. 5 minutes deducted from recess. c. Loretta must leave the area. d. Loretta can only use the computer with adult assistance.

Q: Why are early childhood professionals advised to spend time teaching children about conflict resolution? a. It is an important part of the social studies curriculum. b. It emphasizes communication and empathy. c. It teaches children about the sociology of the early childhood environment. d. a and b e. All of the above

Q: Billy is holding the gerbil. Suddenly he begins to squeeze the gerbil tightly. If you want to change his behavior right then, what would you say or do? a. "Nice boys hold him gently, like this." b. "Don"t squeeze the gerbil so hard." c. "You"re going to hurt him if you keep doing that." d. Physically intervene then talk about it.

Q: Which of the following activities represents the political science portion of the Social Studies curriculum? a. Children make a family tree of their parents and grandparents. b. Children vote on a name for a class gerbil. c. Children study the interaction between home and workplace environments. d. All of the above

Q: To which of the following directions are children most likely to respond? a. Use your fork to eat your peas. b. Don"t eat with your fingers. c. Don"t talk with your mouth full. d. You"ll choke. Stop eating so fast.

Q: If you were told a teacher was in the "contribution" stage of curriculum change (according to Banks), what might you see in the classroom?a. One day devoted to Martin Luther King, Jr. and then it's back to business as usual.b. In a classroom that uses curriculum themes, some themes related to ethnic groups or to people with special needs.c. Diversity concepts integrated throughout the teacher's plans in a variety of ways.d. Children taking action to bring people's attention to the plight of homeless people in the community.

Q: When deciding what rules to make for the classroom, the teacher should ask herself which of the following questions? 1) "Is the child's behavior irritating to me?" 2) "Is the child's behavior violating someone's rights?" 3) "Is the child's behavior unsafe?" 4) "Is the child's behavior damaging to property?" a. All of the above b. 1, 2 and 3 c. 2, 3, and 4 d. None of the above

Q: In a classroom in which children are "thinking globally and acting locally," what might they be doing?a. Picking up litter on the playground to reduce pollution.b. Sending pennies to starving children in Zimbabwe to address world hunger.c. Keeping a scrap book of all the trouble spots in the world to track world peace.d. All of the above

Q: Which of the following attributes does NOT fit the behavior pattern of an authoritarian adult? The adult: a. Has high expectations for children's behavior. b. Is flexible. c. Is detached. d. Expects unquestioning obedience.

Q: The purpose of using activities related to diverse cultures in a homogenous classroom is to provide which of the following? a. Opportunities to make the dramatic play area more interesting. b. Opportunities for children to feel more comfortable with people less familiar to them. c. Learning experiences about the dominant culture. d. Early chance to learn languages other than English.

Q: Tracy is surrounded by permissive adults. Over time, what does the research say she will probably be like? a. Affectionate b. Compliant c. Happy d. Hostile e. Independent

Q: Mrs. Garcia is ill. Her five-year-old son Jose, offers her his teddy bear for comfort. What aspect of pro-social behavior does little Jose still need to know about? a. Recognition b. Decision c. Taking Action d. None of the above

Q: Authoritarian adults are low on which of the following dimensions: 1) Communication 2) Maturity demands 3) Control 4) Nurturance a. 3 only b. 2 and 3 c. 1 and 4 d. None of the above