Q&A Hero

Q: The purpose of using activities related to diverse cultures in a homogenous classroom is to provide which of the following? a. Opportunities to make the dramatic play area more interesting. b. Opportunities for children to feel more comfortable with people less familiar to them. c. Learning experiences about the dominant culture. d. Early chance to learn languages other than English.

Q: Which is true of rating scales? a. They are essentially the same as time-sample participation charts. b. They exist of frequency counts or behavior tallies of specific behaviors as they occur. c. They always have an evaluative component qualifying behavior or skill acquisition. d. They have built-in objectivity.

Q: Children in dramatic play are "cooking" for their babies and each other, but no one is "eating." Their teacher sits at the table and says, "Can someone take my order?" Children excitedly look for the clipboard and pencils kept in the pretend play area. One child comes to her, clipboard in hand, and says, "What can I get for you today?" What play intervention strategy did the teacher use? a. Modeling b. Mediating c. Coaching d. Expanding

Q: Which of the following would be required in participation charts? a. Time sampling b. Event sampling c. Dated work samples d. Involving other adults in the classroom

Q: Why are early childhood professionals advised to spend time teaching children about conflict resolution? a. It is an important part of the social studies curriculum. b. It emphasizes communication and empathy. c. It teaches children about the sociology of the early childhood environment. d. It is a way to teach social responsibility.

Q: What is the best feature of using portfolios? a. They allow teachers and parents to compare one child's progress against another's. b. They clearly document what children have failed to learn. c. They are less time consuming than giving a traditional paper/pencil test. d. They focus on what children can do.

Q: Which of the following activities represents the civic ideals and practices theme within the Social Studies curriculum? a. Children make a family tree of their parents and grandparents. b. Children vote on a name for a class gerbil. c. Children study the interaction between home and workplace environments. d. Children work on a food drive to combat hunger in their community.

Q: What is the primary reason for teachers to collect assessment data? a. Add to a child's portfolio b. Prevent children from dropping out of school c. Inform instruction d. Preserve cultural bias.

Q: Giving children information about how their actions affect others is an example of which play intervention strategy? a. Modeling b. Expanding c. Coaching d. Mediating

Q: Which of the following is a necessary component in the responsible administration of tests? a. Establishing good rapport with children before testing. b. teaching the material exactly as it will appear on the test c. making sure that children have pencils with eraser d. allowing children to be able to use the internet as a reference

Q: Mrs. Garcia is ill. Her five-year-old son Jose, offers her his teddy bear for comfort. What aspect of prosocial behavior does little Jose still need to learn more about?a. Recognizing Needb. Making a Decisionc. Perspective takingd. Instrumental Know-how

Q: What is the advantage of observational assessment? a. It is not intrusive. b. It has on-the-spot utility for improving instruction. c. Information cannot be gathered in natural settings. d. It does not yield hypotheses that can be evaluated later on.

Q: What does the adult do in the summing up phase of conflict mediation? a. Define the problem in mutual terms. b. Gain control of the disputed object. c. Summarize all different solutions suggested so far. d. Suggest ways for children to compromise.

Q: Which of the following should NOT be included in a portfolio? a. Written work b. Drawing and painting c. Video- and/or audiotapes d. Every anecdotal record

Q: What does the adult do in the first step of the mediation process? a. Define the problem in mutual terms. b. Gain control of the disputed object. c. Summarize all different solutions suggested so far. d. Suggest ways for the children to compromise. e. Summarize the contributions of the onlookers.

Q: Portfolios should contain a collection of only the child's best work at particular points in time.

Q: Which of the following describes the steps that children can be taught to resolve a conflict? a. Define the problem, suggest solutions, and negotiate a solution, follow-through. b. Determine whether the conflict is intentional, review the rules, redirect problem behavior. c. Stop the activity, protect the hurt child, and comfort the angry child. d. Review the situation in light of classroom rules, show concern about the other child's feelings, discuss the consequences of the action.

Q: The assessment of children's conceptual understanding, skills, and interests should be the basis for a teacher's instruction.

Q: An early childhood educator has been given a set of colorful, attractive posters that she would like to display. However, she is concerned by the lack of gender balance depicted. Which of the following would be an appropriate solution to this dilemma? a. Discard the poster. b. Ask parents of the children to decide whether or not they mind having the posters displayed in the classroom. c. Show children the posters as they are, then talk with children about the imbalance and how they might address it. d. Make sure there are mixed gender books nearby where the poster is displayed

Q: Participation charts are used to evaluate the quality of a child's interaction with others during a class activity.

Q: Helping, cooperating, encouraging and comforting are examples of which facet of the social domain? a. Prosocial behavior b. Socialization c. Socially responsible actions d. Psychology with the area of social studies

Q: Young children are particularly good subjects for observation because they haven"t yet learned how to mask their feelings.

Q: When Karen sees that Marie is crying and gives her a pat on the back, she is demonstrating which facets of prosocial behavior? a. Awareness b. Recognizing Need and Taking Action c. Recognizing Need, Deciding to Act, and Taking Action d. Instrumental Know How

Q: The uninformed evaluator is the most dangerous element in the evaluation setting.

Q: Which of the following statements is NOT supported by the research? a. When children are taught to think prosocially, prosocial behaviors follow automatically. b. When children demonstrate high levels of prosocial behavior, they are more likely to be viewed as potential friends by their peers. c. When children behave prosocially they contribute to classrooms characterized by friendly interactions and productive group efforts. d. When children have chances to be helpful, they develop increased feelings of competence.

Q: In order to be valid, authentic assessment should be separated from actual classroom teaching and activity.

Q: Which of the following is likely to be the appropriate age range for this description of friendship? Tom and David are good friends who play together often. They take turns and share toys and materials comfortably. One day, Ian approached Tom and said, "I want to be your friend." Tom replied, "You can"t be my friendDavid is my friend!" a. 2 to 3 b. 5 to 9 c. 10 to 12 d. 13 to 15

Q: Rubrics are scoring tools that list gradations of quality from excellent to poor for use in observing or evaluating behavior or skills.

Q: Which of the following is recommended to promote children's social understanding? a. A good way to teach young children about caring for the environment is to study the Rain Forest. b. A good way to help children have friends at school is to make everyone play together. c. A good way to build social studies concepts is by explaining how the government works. d. A good way to help children make friends at school is to give them plenty of time to interact with one another informally.

Q: All standardized testing for children in early childhood settings should be eliminated in favor of using classroom-conducted assessment.

Q: When Mr. Green shows children HOW to take turns in his classroom he is touching on which dimension of the social domain? a. Social Skills b. Social Responsibility c. Socialization d. Social Studies

Q: Validity of a test refers to its consistency over time and also its consistency when administered by more than one person.

Q: Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of children's social development?a. Children's social competence influences their academic achievement.b. Children naturally know how to make friends and influence people.c. In our society, a high level of social competence means that a child exhibits responsible, friendly, cooperative, purposeful, and self-controlled behavior.d. Social development can be looked at as the foundation on which other types of learning takes place.

Q: The terms screening and readiness are not synonymous.

Q: When Mr. Green talks with the children about WHY taking turns is a rule in his classroom, he is touching on which dimension of the social domain? a. Social Skills b. Social Responsibility c. Socialization d. Social Studies

Q: What is the least intrusive phase of the Authoritative Teaching Continuum? What adult behavior represents maximum control? When might you use each?

Q: Teachers who value diversity see individual differences as normal and positive.

Q: What is the difference between the uninvolved teaching style and the permissive teaching style?

Q: When we create "windows' on diversity, we are emphasizing the cultural world beyond the classroom.

Q: In terms of logical consequences, what is the difference between restitution and rehearsal? Give an example of each.

Q: Research shows that children who have difficulty forming friendships tend to have difficulty forming relationships later in life.

Q: What are the four phases through which self-regulation emerges?

Q: Friendship coaching is primarily aimed at children who already have friends and want more.

Q: Describe ways in which you can convey nurturance to children.

Q: Racial awareness typically begins when a child is about three years old.

Q: Four-year-old Sara waits to take a second helping until everyone else has one. Her teacher says, "Sara, you waited to take more snack. Now you know that everyone got a chance to have some crackers. That was a kind thing to do." What strategy did her teacher use? a. Positive consequences b. Modeling c. Direct instruction d. Communicating expectations

Q: Concepts related to economics and history are not addressed in early childhood education because they are too abstract.

Q: When is modeling most effective? a. When the model is another child. b. When the model is doing something children wish they could do but are not yet capable of doing on their own. c. When the model's behavior is pointed out to the children. d. When the model is a male.

Q: When you focus on social skills, you are simultaneously working on increasing children's cognitive abilities.

Q: Mr. Sanchez walks into the school library and finds 3 second-graders cutting pages out of a book about rocks so they can use the pages in their report. He considers the following consequences. Which of these would be defined as unrelated according to your book? a. The children must earn the money to replace the rock book. b. The children must write a report on a new topic. c. The children must tape the pages back into the book. d. The rock book is not available for children to use.

Q: Children who treat each other nicely during a school picnic are demonstrating social responsibility.

Q: Which of the following is NOT an element of adult socialization that supports the development of self-regulation? a. Appropriate expectations. b. Consistent punishment. c. Nurturance. d. Communication.

Q: In the conflict mediation process, the teacher's role ends once the children arrive at a solution.

Q: Two children are arguing over who will get to use the toy stethoscope. They are pulling on it and pushing each other. What might an authoritative teacher do first? a. Take the stethoscope away for the rest of the day. b. Send the children to time-out. c. Negotiate the conflict. d. Ask the children to say, "Sorry."

Q: Children between the ages of 3 and 5 understand their behavior must please another to be considered a friend.

Q: Megan and Jerome have been warned that if they continue to throw sand they will have to go to another area to play. You observe them throwing sand again. In this situation what would an authoritative adult do? a. Escort the children to a different area. b. Give the children a second warning of what will happen if they continue. c. Explain that the sand is blowing in other children's eyes. d. Ask children what they think should happen as a result of their actions.

Q: What three components are necessary for children to learn any motor skill?

Q: Loretta slams the keys on the computer very roughly after being told to push them more gently. What would be a logical consequence? a. A key breaks. b. 5 minutes deducted from recess. c. Loretta can only use the computer with adult assistance. d. Loretta must leave the area.

Q: Why should games for young children be noncompetitive?

Q: Billy is holding the gerbil. Suddenly he begins to squeeze the gerbil tightly. If you want to change his behavior right then, what would you say or do? a. "Nice boys hold him gently, like this." b. "Don"t squeeze the gerbil so hard." c. "You"re going to hurt him if you keep doing that." d. Physically intervene then talk about it.

Q: Mr. Pesek brought his own lunch to school each day. It included a half peanut butter and jelly sandwich, several cookies, and sometimes an ice cream bar. There were never vegetables included because he just did not like them. He ate with the children at lunch. Is it likely that this would have any effect on the children and if so, how?

Q: To which of the following directions are children LEAST likely to respond by changing their behavior appropriately? a. Use your spoon to eat your pudding. b. Don"t eat with your fingers. c. Chew with your mouth closed. d. Take smaller bites like this.

Q: Why should early childhood educators be concerned with the fundamental motor skills?

Q: When deciding what rules to make for the classroom, teachers should ask themselves which of the following questions? 1) "Is the child's behavior irritating to me?" 2) "Is the child's behavior violating someone's rights?" 3) "Is the child's behavior unsafe?" 4) "Is the child's behavior damaging to property?" a. Irritation and rights questions b. Irritation, rights and safety questions c. Irritation, rights, safety and property questions d. Rights, safety and property questions

Q: Describe some strategies that would support the development of perceptual motor skills. Give examples.

Q: Authoritative teachers do all of the following EXCEPT: a. Explain why some behaviors are appropriate and acceptable and others are not. b. Inform children of expectations. c. Encourage and reward certain behaviors. d. Focus their comments to children on what children have done wrong.

Q: What strategies are likely to be most effective in teaching a young child to throw a ball? a. Playing a video of a professional baseball pitcher followed by discussion. b. Allowing some exploration, then demonstrating followed by oral cues and practice. c. Giving directions to children in large group followed by practice by pairs. d. Providing small soft balls and waiting for the skill to emerge on its own.

Q: Tracy is surrounded by permissive adults. Over time, what does the research say she will probably be like? a. Affectionate b. Compliant c. Independent d. Hostile

Q: What is the single most effective strategy to prevent disease in groups of children? a. Keep children inside during cool to cold days or damp weather. b. Ensure that children and adults wash their hands correctly upon entering the classroom, before meals and after toileting. c. Incorporate regular exercises and physical fitness activities. d. Use organic foods, and plan a diet high in protein.

Q: Which of the following attributes does NOT fit the behavior pattern of an authoritarian adult? The adult: a. Has high expectations for children's behavior. b. Is flexible. c. Is detached. d. Expects unquestioning obedience.

Q: Identify the least accurate statement about physical fitness. a. Children who are fit when young tend to remain fit in adolescence. b. Endurance, speed, agility, coordination, reaction time, strength, flexibility and balance are a part of being fit. c. Time spent in physical activity has a negative effect on achievement of educational standards. d. Moderate physical activity improves children's ability to focus their attention after participation.

Q: Permissive adults are low on which of the following dimensions? a. Control only b. Expectations and Nurturance c. Nurturance, Expectations, and Control d. Control, Expectations and Communication

Q: Mrs. Stein incorporates marching, hopping, and skipping as she leads children out onto the playground, and encourages children to use the playground equipment creatively. Which standard of physical literacy standards is she supporting by these routines? a. Demonstrates competence in a variety of motor skills and movement patterns. b. Applies knowledge of concepts, principles, strategies and tactics related to movement and performance. c. Achieves and maintains a health-enhancing level of physical activity and fitness. d. Values physical activity for health, enjoyment, challenge, self-expression and social interaction.

Q: Children in your three-year-old classroom have trouble putting away materials in the dramatic play center. Which of the following strategies would help create reasonable expectations for cleaning up? a. Allow children to put dress up clothes in a hamper rather than hanging them on hangers. b. Clean-up the area yourself. c. Remove Joe (a child with Down Syndrome) from the situation so the other children can clean-up without interference. d. Remind children of the rule every day

Q: Mr. Nowaske intended to provide an opportunity to practice balance with a moderate level of challenge for a group of six-year-old children. Which of the following activities do you think is the best choice? Direct the children to: a. Walk to the center backwards, turn, leap twice and return backwards on a balance beam 12" off the floor. b. Walk forward and turn around on a balance beam 3" off the floor. c. Walk forward and turn around on a taped line on the floor. d. Walk forward, squat down, turn around, and return backwards on a balance beam 3" off the floor.

Q: How do children learn moral reasoning? a. Listening to stories about characters' moral decision making. b. Making decisions to avoid punishments or gain rewards. c. Observing decisions and the consequences of decisions by peers. d. All of these strategies are effective

Q: Which strategy of structuring activities is most likely to be effective? a. A group of twenty children line up so that the teacher can see them skip and offer suggestions. b. The teacher plans an activity in which all of the children are skipping as best they can. c. The teacher plans 4 or 5 activities for 20 children in centers, providing on the spot coaching and encouragement as she moves from center to center. d. The teacher sets up a skipping race between the boys and the girls.

Q: Which of the following reasons is LEAST likely to be one that children in the early childhood years use in determining that an action is bad? a. The action harms a person (e.g., hitting). b. The action disrupts the social order (e.g. not putting toys away). c. The action violates people's rights (e.g., name calling). d. The action damages property (e.g., breaking something).

Q: What can the regular classroom teacher do to promote appropriate weight in young children?a. Plan the program so that all children have at least 60 minutes of physical activity per day, including ordinary movement from place to place.b. Eliminate snacks as a strategy to reduce calorie intake.c. Cooperate with the family in monitoring types of snacks and other meals at the school.d. This is not a function of the classroom teacher.

Q: Which of the following statements is a characteristic of preschool-age children's thinking? a. Children's notions of cause and effect are based on mature concepts. b. Children know what is right, but often choose not to do it. c. Children's thinking about right and wrong is well established. d. Children's thinking is characterized by centration.