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Earth Science
Q:
The three key elements of climate change science include the following except
A) study of past climates.
B) measurement of current climatic change.
C) establishing policy on CO2 emissions.
D) projection of future climate scenarios.
Q:
The interdisciplinary study of the causes and consequences of changing climate for all Earth systems and the sustainability of human societies is
A) climate change science.
B) meteorology.
C) paleoclimatology.
D) climate policy.
Q:
Maritime tropical air masses influence the marine west coast climates.
Q:
The seasonal pulse of the monsoons contribute to the drier weather conditions in the marine west coast climates.
Q:
Humid subtropical climates experience convectional showers in the summer and frontal showers in the fall, winter and spring, creating year-round precipitation.
Q:
In general, as one moves to higher latitudes, summers transition from hot to warm to cool.
Q:
Shifting subtropical high pressure systems may create drier conditions in otherwise humid mesothermal climates.
Q:
Shifting maritime and continental air masses are a causal factor of mesothermal climates.
Q:
The bulk of the world's population lives within the Tropical climates.
Q:
Owing to the small diurnal and annual temperature ranges, tropical climates are considered "winterless."
Q:
Tropical savanna climates can have two temperature maximums during the year as the subsolar points moves overhead both before and after the summer solstice.
Q:
Potential evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation in the tropical savanna winter leading to water budget deficits.
Q:
Tropical monsoon climates are found principally in the interior of continents in the equatorial region.
Q:
Tropical monsoon climates have a dry season that lasts one month or more.
Q:
The ITCZ migrates with the subsolar point and influences the tropical monsoon climates.
Q:
Tropical rain forest climates are influenced by subtropical high pressure cells year-round.
Q:
Diurnal temperature ranges are often greater than annual temperature ranges in tropical rain forest climates.
Q:
The soils in tropical rain forests are nutrient-richas indicated by the vast amount of vegetation that grows there.
Q:
Tropical climates have inconsistent daylengths and insolation throughout the year.
Q:
Tropical climates are the most extensive climate regions, occupying 36% of the Earth's land and ocean areas.
Q:
The worlds climatic regions determine to a large extent the location of the world's biomes.
Q:
A climograph is a mechanical instrument used for measuring climates.
Q:
A climate classifications based on monthly temperature and precipitation averages is an example of an empirical classification.
Q:
A climate classifications based on the interaction of air masses is an example of an empirical classification.
Q:
Once developed, a climate classification system can be considered complete; i.e., it needs no further revision.
Q:
The climate of an area can be classified in different ways depending upon the criteria used to define it.
Q:
Climatic regions are characterized by distinctive weather patterns.
Q:
The Earth's climate system is the result of interaction of temperature, atmospheric pressure, atmospheric moisture, and wind and ocean currents.
Q:
Temperature and precipitation are the principal components of climate.
Q:
Climatic conditions on Earth are determined based solely on latitude.
Q:
No two places on the Earth's surface experience exactly the same climatic conditions.
Q:
Weather and climate are essentially different terms for the same phenomenon.
Q:
Climates can be stable over several human generations, and also change over longer time periods (thousands to millions of years).
Q:
The condition of the atmosphere at any given time and place is called climate.
Q:
Dengue fever, an infectious tropical disease carried by mosquitos, hasA) been nearly wiped out because of climate change related shifts in subtropical high pressure cells.B) spread previously unaffected areas due to changes in climatic conditions.C) never been reported in the U.S., but scientists fear it may arrive due to expansion of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.D) shifted equatorward due to desertification in the subtropics.
Q:
Which of the following is incorrect regarding climate regions and climate change?
A) Tropical climates are expanding to higher latitudes.
B) Subtropical high pressures systems and associated dry conditions are moving to higher latitudes.
C) Many areas are becoming more prone to drought.
D) The boundaries of climate regions are fairly static.
Q:
This climograph is characteristic of which climate type?
A) tropical savanna
B) marine west coast
C) Mediterranean
D) subtropical hot steppe
Q:
This climograph is characteristic of which climate type?
A) tropical rain forest
B) subtropical hot desert
C) humid subtropical hot-summer
D) marine west coast
Q:
This climograph is characteristic of which climate type?
A) tropical rain forest
B) subarctic cold-winter
C) humid subtropical winter-dry
D) marine west coast
Q:
Which of the following is not true of the subarctic climate regions of Canada and Asia?
A) Permafrost occurs here.
B) Broadleaf deciduous trees, such as maple and sweetgum, dominate the area.
C) The area can experience summer temperatures in the nineties.
D) This climate zone constitutes the maximum poleward extent of forests.
E) This climatic zone experiences exceptionally large annual temperature ranges.
Q:
This climograph is characteristic of which climate type?
A) tundra
B) polar maritime
C) humid continental mild-summer
D) midlatitude cold desert
Q:
This climograph is characteristic of which climate type?
A) humid continental hot-summer
B) tundra
C) subtropical hot desert
D) Mediterranean
Q:
Which air masses influence the humid continental hot-summer climates in North America?
A) continental polar (cP) in winter; maritime tropical (mT) in summer
B) continental polar (cP) year-round
C) continental polar (cP) in winter; continental tropical (cT) in summer
D) continental polar in summer (cP) and continental Arctic (cA) in winter.
Q:
This climograph is characteristic of which climate type?
A) highland
B) tropical monsoon
C) humid subtropical winter-dry
D) Mediterranean
Q:
Los Angeles, located in a Mediterranean climate zone, is kept ________ during the summer because of the presence of ________.
A) dry; mountains along the western side of the city
B) dry; the cold California current off the coast
C) wet; mountains along the western side of the city
D) wet; the warm California current off the coast
Q:
This climograph is characteristic of which climate type?
A) humid continental hot-summer
B) marine west coast
C) humid subtropical winter-dry
D) Mediterranean
Q:
This climograph is characteristic of which climate type?
A) humid subtropical hot-summer
B) tropical monsoon
C) humid subtropical winter-dry
D) Mediterranean
Q:
Which is true of humid subtropical winter-dry climates?
A) The wettest summers month receive approximately 2 to 3 times more precipitation than the driest winter month.
B) Few natural hazards occur throughout the humid subtropical winter-dry climates.
C) The winter dry season is related to the seasonal pulse of the monsoons.
D) The "driest" winter months still have at least 7.5 cm (3 inches) of precipitation.
Q:
This climograph is characteristic of which climate type?
A) humid subtropical hot-summer
B) tropical rain forest
C) humid subtropical winter-dry
D) humid continental mild-summer
Q:
Humid subtropical hot summer climates in ________; typically experience ________.
A) Asia; dry winters due to monsoonal conditions
B) Asia; wet summers due to cyclonic storm tracks
C) North America; dry winters due to cold ocean currents
D) North America; wet summers due to monsoonal conditions
Q:
Which is true of humid subtropical hot-summer climates?
A) Asian humid subtropical hot summer climates are influenced by the monsoons.
B) They have cold ocean currents off shore.
C) North American humid subtropical hot summer climates have cyclonic storm trackshift overhead in the summer.
D) Their hot and rainy season occurs in the winter season.
Q:
Humid subtropical hot-summer climates
A) are moist all year.
B) have a pronounced dry period.
C) can either be moist all year or have a pronounced dry period, depending on geographic location.
Q:
Mesothermal climates
A) are essentially seasonless.
B) occupy more land and sea surface area than any other climate region.
C) have a high degree of air mass interaction.
D) are sparsely populated by humans.
Q:
This climograph is characteristic of which climate type?
A) highland
B) tropical rain forest
C) subtropical humid
D) tropical savanna
Q:
The wet season of the tropical monsoon climate of SE Asia occurs during the season of ________ Sun due to the presence of the ________ over the continent. (low Sun = "winter" and high Sun = "summer")
A) low; subtropical high
B) low; ITCZ
C) high; subtropical high
D) high; ITCZ
Q:
This climograph is characteristic of which climate type?
A) Mediterranean
B) tropical monsoon
C) highland
D) humid subtropical winter-dry
Q:
Which of the following is false regarding the tropical monsoon climate?
A) It is located along coastal areas.
B) The transition from wet to dry conditions is the result of the shifting of the ITCZ.
C) The wind direction shifts from one time of the year to the next.
D) The summer (high Sun season) is the driest time of the year.
E) Thorn forests occur on the dry margins of this region.
Q:
The Amazon equatorial rain forest of South America, which extends from the east coast far into the interior, has developed in response to ________ air masses which travel from ________ in the trade wind belt.
A) cT; NE to SW
B) mT; E to W
C) mT; W to E
D) mP; E to W
Q:
The only interruption to the distribution of tropical forest climates across equatorial regions are
A) several equatorial deserts caused by rain shadows.
B) the tropical savannas of Africa and South America.
C) the five distinct Mediterranean climates.
D) in highland areas, such as the Andes and Mt. Kilimanjaro.
Q:
This climograph is characteristic of which climate type?
A) Mediterranean
B) tropical rain forest
C) tropical savanna
D) marine west coast
Q:
Which of the following is false regarding the tropical rain forest climate?
A) It is influenced by the ITCZ year-round.
B) It does not experience a winter season.
C) The annual temperature range is larger than the daily temperature range.
D) Thunderstorms occur almost daily.
Q:
Humid subtropical hot-summer climates receive ________ precipitation during the summer and ________ precipitation in winter.
A) convectional; frontal
B) frontal; convectional
C) orographic; frontal
D) convectional; ITCZ
Q:
Along the periphery of hot deserts, where shifting subtropical high pressure cells create a distinct summer-dry and winter-wet pattern, one finds
A) tropical, subtropical hot steppe climates.
B) marine west coast climates.
C) tropical monsoon climates.
D) humid subtropical hot-summer climates.
Q:
Which of the following is not true of tropical and subtropical hot desert climates?
A) In most years, they do not receive any precipitation.
B) Annual average temperatures are above 18C (64.4F).
C) They are generally found on the western side of continents.
D) They are under the influence of subtropical high pressure systems.
Q:
The low-latitude hot desert climates occur
A) in the tropics and subtropics.
B) only in midlatitude rainshadow positions.
C) in polar regions.
D) along the midlatitude, west coasts of continents.
Q:
Which of the following is not a causal element of dry climates?
A) Seasonal influence of the ITCZ.
B) Dry, subsiding air associated with subtropical high pressure systems.
C) Location in the rain shadow of mountains.
D) Cool, stabilizing ocean currents along the western margins of continents.
Q:
Dry climates are divided into two types according to moisture. These are
A) deserts and steppe.
B) deserts and tundra.
C) steppe and chaparral.
D) chaparral and tundra.
Q:
Which climatic region occupies the most extensive area of land on Earth?
A) polar climates
B) dry climates
C) mesothermal climates
D) tropical climates
Q:
Potential evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation in all parts of which climate type?
A) tropical savanna
B) Mediterranean
C) semiarid steppe
D) humid subtropical winter-dry
Q:
Annual temperature ranges near the southern tip of Greenland, in the Bearing Sea, northern Iceland, South Georgia Island, and northern Norway are low despite their high latitude because
A) the climate is dominated by dry, frigid air masses year-round.
B) they are influenced by maritime environments.
C) higher than average precipitation for the climate type mitigates against the extreme cold weather.
D) they are oriented on sunward side of large topographic features.
Q:
Which of the following is incorrect regarding ice-sheet climates?
A) The climate is dominated by dry, frigid air masses.
B) There is very little precipitation.
C) The only month with an average temperature above freezing corresponds to the summer solstice (June in the Northern Hemisphere, December in the Southern Hemisphere).
D) There are vast expanses that never warm above freezing.
Q:
Which of the following is incorrect regarding tundra climates?
A) Spruce, fir and larch trees survive in this climate zone.
B) There is no true summer in this region.
C) Summer temperatures are never higher than 10C (50F).
D) The land is under continuous snow cover from 8 to 10 months.
Q:
Which of the following is a causal element of polar and highland climates?
A) extremes of daylength between summer and winter
B) high precipitation, primarily in the form of snow
C) low surface albedo due to ground cover
D) high sun altitude during the summer months
Q:
Which of the following has a typical subarctic,very cold winter climate?
A) Churchill, Manitoba
B) Dalian, China
C) Verkhoyansk, Siberia, Russia
D) Duluth, Minnesota
Q:
Which climate is characterized by the largest change in monthly average temperatures; i.e., the greatest change in temperatures from one month to the next?
A) boreal forest
B) tundra
C) ice cap
D) dry-midlatitude
Q:
Which of the following is true regarding humid continental hot-summer and humid continental mild-summer climates?
A) Humid continental mild-summer climates are located further equatorward than humid continental hot-summer climates.
B) Overall, humid continental mild-summer climates receive more precipitation than humid continental hot-summer. climates.
C) Agriculture is not feasible in humid continental mild-summer climates due to the cooler weather, whereas it is very important in humid continental hot-summer climates.
D) Snowfall is notably heavier in humid continental mild-summer climates than in humid continental hot-summer climates and plays an important role in soil moisture recharge.
Q:
Which of the following is not a causal element of microthermal climates?
A) increasing seasonality
B) latitudinal; effects on temperature
C) very limited continentality
D) cyclonic activity
Q:
Which of the following is true of microthermal climates?
A) They have a small seasonal temperature range, hence the term microthermal.
B) Because of the latitude at which they occur, these climates occupy the largest land area of any climate.
C) In the Southern Hemisphere, these climates develop only in highland regions.
D) All of the subtypes of this climate have a uniform annual precipitation regime.
Q:
The largest percentage of Earth's population lives within the
A) tropical climates.
B) desert climates.
C) mesothermal climates.
D) microthermal climates.
Q:
Which type of vegetation grows in the Mediterranean climate?
A) taiga
B) chaparral
C) rain forest
D) boreal forest