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Q:
Which of the following cloud types is most commonly associated with precipitation?
A) nimbostratus
B) cirrocumulus
C) cirrostratus
D) altostratus
Q:
Clouds are classified on the basis of their ________.
A) thickness
B) height
C) shape or form
D) form and height
E) thickness and height
Q:
Condensation nuclei, tiny particles of matter in the air, are important because ________.
A) they increase the density of air and thus its buoyancy
B) they will affect the environmental lapse rate
C) they provide a surface for water molecules to form on
D) they provide point sources of heat in the air
Q:
Given an environmental lapse rate of 5oC/1000 m and a dry adiabatic of 10oC, what would what would happen if unsaturated air that had a temperature of 25oC at the surface were forced to rise 2000 m in the air ?
A) It would keep rising because it would be less dense than the surrounding air.
B) It would sink back to the surface because it was more dense than the surrounding air.
C) It would be warmer than the air around it so it would keep rising.
D) It would be colder than the air around it so it would sink.
E) It would have the same temperature and density as the surrounding air so it would stay at that height.
Q:
Given an environmental lapse rate of 5oC/1000 m and a dry adiabatic of 10oC, what would be the temperature of air at an elevation of 2000 m if the surface air temperature is 25oC?
A) 25oC
B) 20oC
C) 15oC
D) 10oC
E) 5oC
Q:
Given an environmental lapse rate of 5oC/1000 m and a dry adiabatic of 10oC, what would be the temperature of unsaturated surface air after it rises to height of 2000 m if its surface temperature had been 25oC?
A) 25oC
B) 20oC
C) 15oC
D) 10oC
E) 5oC
Q:
When the environmental lapse rate is greater than the dry adiabatic rate, ________.
A) surface air will rise and fall
B) surface air will rise, form clouds, and fall
C) surface air cannot rise and will be trapped beneath colder air above
D) surface air will rise and continue to rise
E) surface air will not rise because this is the normal condition
Q:
A parcel of air has a temperature of 0oC as it crosses a mountain range at 3000 meters. If it descends, what will its temperature be when it reaches sea level?
A) 15oC
B) 30oC
C) 0oC
D) 40oC
Q:
Which of the following would not be associated with stable atmospheric conditions?
A) widespread fog
B) temperature inversion
C) dreary overcast with light drizzle
D) afternoon thunder showers
Q:
When air is unstable, the environmental lapse rate is ________.
A) less than the wet adiabatic rate
B) zero
C) greater than the dry adiabatic rate
D) greater than both the wet and dry adiabatic rates
Q:
Stability prevails when the environmental lapse rate is ________.
A) less than the wet adiabatic rate
B) greater than the wet adiabatic rate and less than the dry adiabatic rate
C) greater than the dry adiabatic rate
D) greater than both the wet and dry adiabatic rates
Q:
The classification of air as stable or unstable is based on ________.
A) temperature
B) motion
C) humidity
D) state
Q:
Irregular heating of the air can produce thermals, which are ________.
A) pockets of cold air that rise
B) pockets of warm air that rise
C) pockets of cold air that sink
D) pockets of warm air that sink
Q:
Why does the Florida peninsula experiences the greatest frequency of midafternoon thunderstorms of any place in the United States?
A) It is further south and warmer than any other place in the United States.
B) It gets the water vapor from the trade winds crossing the Atlantic Ocean that fuels the thunderstorms.
C) It gets winds blowing from the oceans on both sides and they collide in the middle of Florida and rise to generate thunderstorms.
D) It is near the Bermuda Triangle.
Q:
Deserts such as the Great Basin, Gobi, and Takla Makan are examples of ________.
A) chinook deserts
B) subtropical deserts
C) rainshadow deserts
D) monsoon deserts
Q:
Orographic lifting is related to mountain barriers, and it is often associated with ________.
A) desert conditions on the leeward side of the mountains and excessive rainfall on the windward side
B) desert conditions on both sides of the mountains
C) excessive rainfall on both sides of the mountains
D) desert conditions on the windward side of the mountains and excessive rainfall on the leeward side.
Q:
When a mass of cold air collides with a mass of warm air, what happens?
A) The cold air is warmed and the warm air is cooled by their mixing.
B) The cold air rises above the warm air.
C) The warm air rises above the cold air.
D) The boundary between the two air masses keeps them separate, and they do not interact in any way.
Q:
Which of the following is not a mechanism that will cause air to rise?
A) convective cooling
B) conduction cooling
C) orographic lifting
D) frontal Wedging
E) convergence
Q:
If air at sea level with a temperature of 27oC is forced up a mountain slope and the air's dew point at the condensation level is 14oC, at what elevation will condensation begin?
A) 2600 meters
B) 1400 meters
C) 2700 meters
D) 1300 meters
Q:
What happens to the change in temperature for unsaturated air that is rising when it reaches its saturation point?
A) It stops rising until it loses water vapor as precipitation.
B) It continues to rise and the temperature continues to change in the same way it did before saturation.
C) Latent heat of condensation will be released and will increase the rate of change of temperature for the rising air.
D) Latent heat of condensation will be released and will decrease the rate of change of temperature for the rising air.
E) The saturated air is too heavy to continue to rise, so it begins to sink and will continue to rise and fall until some equilibrium state is achieved.
Q:
The Dry Adiabatic rate of change for unsaturated air is 10oC/1000 m. What does this mean?
A) Saturated air will not change.
B) Unsaturated air will get warmer or colder as it travels north or south.
C) Unsaturated air will get warmer or colder as it travels in any direction.
D) Unsaturated air will get warmer as it rises and colder as it sinks.
E) Unsaturated air will get warmer as it sinks and colder as it rises.
Q:
Adiabatic temperature changes occur even though heat is not added or subtracted from the atmosphere because ________.
A) molecules are either compressed or expanded which changes their motion
B) heat is added in some other form to change the temperature
C) the atmosphere moves into a different temperature strata
D) the ground is heated or cooled and it radiates energy into the adjacent air
Q:
The most common reason that dew forms is ________.
A) fast heating of the atmosphere when the sun first comes up in the morning
B) a rapid increase in water vapor in the air during the night
C) radiant cooling of the ground and adjacent air in the evening
D) plants give up water to the atmosphere when the temperature decreases
Q:
At 25oC it takes 20 grams of water vapor to saturate 1 kilogram of dry air. If there are 5 grams of water vapor in 1 km of air at that temperature, what is the relative humidity?
A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%
Q:
What would happen if the temperature were cooled to 15oC?
A) decrease in relative humidity and evaporation of 4 grams of water
B) increase in relative humidity and evaporation of 4 grams of water
C) decrease in relative humidity and condensation of 4 grams of water
D) increase in relative humidity and condensation of 4 grams of water
Q:
What is the dew point for the conditions listed above?
A) 25oC
B) 20oC
C) 15oC
D) colder than 15oC
Q:
For the given conditions, what would happen to the relative humidity value if the temperature increased from 25oC?
A) It would increase.
B) It would decrease.
C) It would remain the same.
D) It depends on the dew point temperature.
Q:
What is the relative humidity for the above conditions at 25oC?
A) 30%
B) 100%
C) 15%
D) 70%
Q:
Which of the following is the most useful measure of water vapor in the air?
A) dew point
B) mixing ratio
C) temperature
D) relative humidity
E) air pressure
Q:
The dew point is the temperature at which ________.
A) water in the liquid state changes to vapor
B) hailstones are formed
C) water vapor condenses to a liquid
D) cumulus clouds change to cumulonimbus clouds
Q:
Which of the following does not happen when the humidity exceeds 100%?
A) It rains
B) It snows
C) It gets warmer
D) Clouds form
E) It hails
Q:
Relative humidity is a measure of ________.
A) how much water vapor is in the air
B) the ratio of water vapor in air to the amount of air
C) the amount of water vapor in the air compared to some standard amount of water vapor
D) the ratio of the water vapor in the air to the amount of water vapor that it would take to saturate the air
E) none of the above
Q:
The mixing ratio = mass of water vapor (grams)/ mass of dry air (kilograms). So if you have 10 grams of water vapor in 100 kilograms of dry air, what is the mixing ratio?
A) 10 g/kg
B) 100 g/kg
C) 0.1 g/kg
D) 0.01 g/kg
E) 1 g/kg
Q:
If you heat a jar with water in it, the amount of water vapor that will go into the air in order to reach saturation will ________.
A) lower the temperature of the water
B) raise the temperature of the water
C) increase in amount
D) decrease in amount
E) Everything will stay the same.
Q:
If 2 grams of water absorbs 20 calories of heat, the resulting water temperature change is ________.
A) +10oC
B) +20oC
C) -10oC
D) -20oC
E) 0oC
Q:
The process of converting a liquid to vapor is termed ________.
A) evaporation
B) sublimation
C) condensation
D) melting
Q:
The process by which water vapor changes directly to a solid is called ________.
A) evaporation
B) deposition
C) condensation
D) melting
Q:
The term ________ is used to describe the conversion of a solid directly to a gas, without passing through the liquid state.
A) evaporation
B) sublimation
C) condensation
D) melting
Q:
When water vapor condenses to form clouds, ________.
A) the air gets colder
B) the air gets warmer
C) the air temperature stays the same
D) the air temperature can change in either direction depending on other conditions
Q:
The latent heat of vaporization has the effect of cooling a liquid because ________.
A) a solid absorbs heat from the atmosphere when it becomes vapor
B) when something becomes a gas it releases heat, and the liquid gets cooler as a result
C) the gas molecules that form and leave the liquid are the higher temperature molecules in the liquid, so the temperature of the liquid is reduced
D) the liquid that forms the gas molecules absorbs and stores heat until all of the liquid becomes a gas
E) none of the above
Q:
The latent heat of melting is 80 calories for 1 gram of ice. If 1 gram of ice absorbs 120 calories, what do I get?
A) 1 gram of water at a temperature of 120oC
B) 1 gram of water at a temperature of 20oC
C) 1 gram of water at a temperature of 40oC
D) a mixture of water and steam at a temperature of 120oC
E) a mixture of ice and water at a temperature of 0oC
Q:
The latent heat of melting is 80 calories for 1 gram of ice. If 1 gram of ice absorbs 60 calories what do I get?
A) 1 gram of ice
B) 1 gram of water at a temperature of 20oC
C) 1 gram of water at a temperature of -20oC
D) a mixture of ice and water at a temperature of 20oC
E) a mixture of ice and water at a temperature of 0oC
Q:
What is the difference between a gas and a liquid?
A) A gas is composed of individual atoms that have no bonds, while a liquid is made up of molecules with bonds between atoms.
B) A liquid is composed of individual atoms that have no bonds, while a gas is made up of molecules with bonds between atoms.
C) A liquid has a fixed volume but a gas does not.
D) A gas has a fixed volume but a liquid does not.
E) A liquid is "wet," meaning it will attach to things, while a gas does not do this.
Q:
Water is unique because ________.
A) it is light enough to escape the earth's gravity but it has not done so
B) it exists in three different states at normal conditions in the earth's atmosphere
C) its molecules are in motion even when it is solid
D) it forms from a wide range of chemical processes
E) it contracts when it becomes a gas
Q:
The closest invisible wavelengths to violet on the electromagnetic spectrum are called ________ and are responsible for sunburns.
Q:
Located adjacent to red on the electromagnetic spectrum, and having a longer wavelength, is ________ radiation, which we cannot see but which we can detect as heat.
Q:
List three mechanisms of heat transfer.
Q:
The movement of Earth in its orbit around the Sun is referred to as ________.
Q:
The line separating the dark half of Earth from the lighted half is called the ________.
Q:
Isotherms are more irregular in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere.
Q:
The earth is continuously receiving heat from the atmosphere as well as from the Sun.
Q:
The atmosphere is an efficient absorber of the longer wavelengths of terrestrial radiation.
Q:
Albedo is a constant 30 percent everywhere on Earth.
Q:
Objects that are good absorbers of radiation are not good emitters of radiation.
Q:
All objects, regardless of temperature, radiate energy.
Q:
Radiant energy is very different depending on its wavelength.
Q:
Distance variations between Earth and the Sun are very important in understanding seasonal temperature variations.
Q:
Tiny solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere are collectively called aerosols.
Q:
Weather and climate are synonymous terms.
Q:
Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern. conduction
scattering
convection
radiation
Q:
Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern. Tropic of Cancer
Equator
Arctic Circle
Tropic of Capricorn
Q:
Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern. oxygen
nitrogen
hydrogen
argon
Q:
Looking at a world map of temperatures, you would see that isotherms deflected toward the poles over seas are an indication of ________.
A) warm currents
B) cold currents
C) horizontal currents
D) diving currents
E) none of the above
Q:
Clouds can decrease the range of daily temperatures because ________.
A) the clouds reflect solar radiation back into space during the day
B) the clouds diffuse the solar radiation so it is spread out over a larger area
C) the water vapor absorbs the heat from the earth and sends reflects it back to the ground maintaining a uniform ground temperature during the day
D) the clouds store heat and that helps to maintain a uniform temperature at night and during the day
Q:
Land heats and cools more than water because ________.
A) water gives off its heat in the form of warm water vapor with less efficiency than land
B) land is opaque so only the surface is heated
C) it takes more energy to heat land than to heat water but land retains the heat better
D) there is more water surfaces than land so the heat is spread out more efficiently in water bodies
Q:
The variations in temperature are less extreme in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere because ________.
A) all of the cold air in the Southern Hemisphere is concentrated over Antarctica, but there is not a large land mass at the north pole
B) there is more land in the Southern Hemisphere
C) there is more water in the Southern Hemisphere
D) the hole in the ozone allows more solar radiation to warm the Southern Hemisphere
E) the Northern Hemisphere is more mountainous
Q:
Two cities are located at the same latitude (40o). City A is in the Southern Hemisphere and City B is in the Northern Hemisphere. Assume the two cities reflect the general characteristics of the hemispheres where they are located. Which city should have the warmest winter temperatures?
A) City A
B) City B
C) Both cities should have nearly identical winter temperatures.
D) More information is required to answer the question.
Q:
A place located along a windward coast will probably have ________.
A) warmer summer temperatures than an inland location at the same latitude
B) cooler summer temperatures than an inland location at the same latitude
C) summer temperatures that are very similar to an inland location at the same latitude
D) none of these
Q:
Two cities are located at the same latitude (40o). City A is in the Southern Hemisphere and City B is in the Northern Hemisphere. Assume the two cities reflect the general characteristics of the hemispheres where they are located. Which city should have the largest annual temperature range?
A) City A
B) City B
C) Both cities should have nearly identical temperatures.
D) More information is required to answer the question.
Q:
If the maximum temperature for a particular day is 26oC and the minimum temperature is 14oC, the daily mean would be ________.
A) 40oC
B) 20oC
C) 12oC
D) 13oC
Q:
Isotherms, lines of equal temperature, are commonly used to ________.
A) compare temperatures in different regions
B) compare temperature variations in different regions
C) compare temperatures over a large area
D) compare temperature variations over a large area
E) show how temperature changes with time
Q:
The daily mean temperature is determined by ________.
A) summing the temperature measured every hour and dividing by 24
B) measuring the temperature at noon
C) summing the maximum and minimum temperatures daily and dividing by 2
D) summing the digital samples of temperature in several places at different times of day and averaging those samples
E) none of the above
Q:
One reason the temperature decreases with increasing altitude in the troposphere is ________.
A) molecular spacing increases with increasing altitude
B) the water vapor in the troposphere is heated by terrestrial radiation
C) the solar radiation is absorbed by ozone in the stratosphere
D) the chemical reaction that forms ozone gives off heat and ozone increases in concentration toward the upper troposphere
Q:
The major absorber of terrestrial radiation is ________.
A) oxygen
B) ozone
C) water vapor
D) carbon Dioxide
E) none of the above
Q:
The atmosphere acquires most of its energy from ________.
A) solar radiation
B) the Earth's surface
C) water vapor
D) wind
Q:
Which of the following is the poorest absorber of solar radiation?
A) oxygen
B) water vapor
C) nitrogen
D) ozone
Q:
Diffused light is caused by ________.
A) solar radiation striking surface water at a low angle
B) scattering of solar radiation by dust particles and gas molecules
C) scattering of solar radiation by water molecules
D) solar radiation striking an irregular surface and being partially absorbed
E) none of the above
Q:
On the average, how much of the Sun's energy that is intercepted by Earth is reflected back to space?
A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%
Q:
Which of the following is not something that happens to incoming radiation?
A) heated
B) reflected
C) absorbed
D) transmitted
Q:
Earth receives energy from the Sun in this way.
A) conduction
B) convection
C) radiation
D) all of these