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Q:
The Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 ________.
a) requires lobbyists to report the fees they receive as well as their expenditures
b) restricts the contacts of former executive branch officials and regulators with their former agencies for a 2-year period
c) prohibits officials who were involved in international trade or negotiations from lobbying their former offices for 1 year.
d) does not require registration of those who lobby the executive branch or the staffs of Congress members
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of lobbying?
a) It is always aimed at the top level, therefore, does not require access to the members personal staff or staff of relevant communities.
b) Its timing is independent of the stages of the legislative process because focus is on committee members.
c) Activities involving a firms own managers are not considered lobbying under the Lobbying Act of 1946.
d) It does not require a firm to have bargaining power because nonmarket issues need only political information.
Q:
When legislation is being drafted or rewritten, lobbying often centers on ________ .
a) senator
b) executive branch officials
c) committee staff
d) high-level managers
Q:
________ is more relevant when lobbying executive branch agencies.
a) Technical information
b) Political information
c) Soft information
d) Campaign contribution
Q:
Which of the following is an example of technical information provided for lobbying?
a) A firm publishes a report on the increase in state employment rate after its various branches were opened.
b) A firm provides data for the loss of annual manufacturing revenue if the legislation on carbon tax is passed.
c) A firm provides information for state revenue loss on sales tax for internet purchases.
d) A firm publishes a report on the increase in local education rate if the legislation on business research tax was passed.
Q:
Lobbying does not involve ________.
a) constituency connection
b) personal relationship
c) campaign contribution
d) threats and coercion
Q:
________ is the strategic communication of politically relevant information to government officeholders.
a) Public advocacy
b) Judicial strategy
c) Lobbying
d) Coalition building
Q:
Which of the following nonmarket implementation activities typically takes place behind the scenes?
a) public advocacy
b) lobbying
c) testimony
d) peak association
Q:
Which of the following is a low-profile nonmarket implementation strategy?
a) lobbying
b) grassroots campaign
c) judicial action
d) public advocacy
Q:
Which of the following is a nonmarket strategy implementation activity?
a) account-based marketing
b) product pricing
c) brand management
d) lobbying
Q:
Management involvement in nonmarket strategy formulation and implementation is required in spite of effective lobbying.
Q:
Judicial actions pertain only to those cases in which a firm finds itself the defendant and not to those in which it initiates legal action as a component of a nonmarket strategy.
Q:
The larger the number of participants in a grassroots program and the more extensive their coverage of political jurisdictions, the more effective it is likely to be.
Q:
Mobilization of stakeholders of firms is important to an effective grassroots action.
Q:
Testimony is based on the connection between constituents and their elected representatives.
Q:
Bargaining is more complex and lengthy when the interests on an issue are poorly aligned.
Q:
Ad hoc coalitions include firms from a number of industries and thus represent a range of interests.
Q:
Trade associations emphasize issues that affect more than one industry.
Q:
In lobbying, senior members, and particularly the chairs of committees and subcommittees, should receive more contributions than other members.
Q:
Campaign contributions by businesses are not made to affect the outcomes of elections.
Q:
There are no limits on contributions to candidates campaigns as it would violate the First Amendment.
Q:
Campaign financing involves huge amounts of money and always affects the outcome of elections.
Q:
Lobbyists are required to report the fees they receive as well as their expenditures.
Q:
As firms do not have the right to petition the government, lobbying is a relatively regulated activity.
Q:
The effectiveness of lobbying is independent of government allies.
Q:
On nonmarket issues a company or an industry association engages in implicit and not explicit bargaining.
Q:
A firm that interacts with Congress on a variety of issues must maintain access to several committees and their relevant subcommittees.
Q:
For lobbying in agencies that do not have direct constituents, political information is relatively more important than technical information.
Q:
In ones lobbying efforts, it is a good principle to make straightforward presentations to members of trade associations.
Q:
There are many principles for effective lobbying, including shading the facts if it is in the firms best interest.
Q:
Congressional members staffs are usually ignored in the lobbying effort because they have little influence on their bosses.
Q:
Even if the interests of a firm and the government officeholder are aligned, lobbying will be ineffective when the information provided is soft and not backed by conclusive data.
Q:
Political information pertains to the impact of an alternative on the constituents or policy interests of an officeholder.
Q:
Technical information does not interest officeholders but is still a part of lobbying.
Q:
Lobbying takes place only on the federal level and not at state and local levels.
Q:
Media and public attention are high-profile strategies and play an important role in nonmarket issues.
Q:
Implementing Nonmarket Strategies in Government Arenas
Q:
Informational strategy is a key component of lobbying. Discuss.
Q:
What are the components of nonmarket analysis?
Q:
What are the two basic forms of manipulation in business nonmarket activity?
Q:
Nonmarket activities of business support political alternatives that may be contrary to public interest. Discuss.
Q:
Highlight the differences between strategy formulation in the nonmarket environment and in the market environment.
Q:
Low-profile nonmarket strategies are most suitable for ________.
a) interest group
b) majoritarian politics
c) client politics
d) entrepreneurial politics
Q:
In public politics, nonmarket strategies are ultimately directed at ________.
a) government officeholders
b) customers
c) stakeholders
d) interest groups
Q:
Strategies involving the provision of political information are ________.
a) not used for regulatory and administrative agencies
b) independent of the political responsiveness of institutions
c) are associated with less politically responsive institutions
d) often used in conjunction with representation strategies
Q:
Which of the following is a necessary condition for an informational strategy to be effective?
a) favorable information must be provided to the legislator
b) government officeholders are more informed than the interest group
c) interest group is more informed about the issue than are the government officeholders
d) the public holds superior information about an issue than the interest group.
Q:
Which of the following is applicable to agenda-setting in nonmarket strategies?
a) It focuses first on recruiting the agenda setter and then on building support for the alternative on the agenda.
b) It is suitable for a relatively open legislative process that does not require vote recruiting.
c) It focuses first on building support for the alternative on the agenda and then on recruiting an agenda setter.
d) It is most effective in interest group politics.
Q:
Generic nonmarket representation strategies are based on ________.
a) developing the needed votes in a legislature to enact or defeat a bill
b) the consequences of alternatives for constituents of government officeholders
c) providing information to government officeholders
d) analyzing industrial costs structures
Q:
Which of the following represents strategy implementation in a nonmarket issue for a tire manufacturer?
a) It hires a law firm to provide advice on emission taxes and subsidies on industrial waste disposal.
b) It analyzes and concludes that other manufacturing companies have similar interests.
c) It decides to obtain access to members of the Congress by hiring former government officials for lobbying.
d) It identifies that petitions can be filed under the sections of U.S. manufacturing laws.
Q:
Which of the following represents strategy formulation in a nonmarket issue?
a) A firm hires a law firm to provide advice on energy subsidies and emission taxes.
b) A firm designates a manager to engage in lobbying for energy subsidies in Washington.
c) A firm identifies that the energy subsidy and emission tax issue will be pursued with the state government and then at the national level.
d) A firm forms an ad hoc coalition with U.S. companies that require energy subsidies.
Q:
Which of the following is applicable to the implementation of nonmarket strategies?
a) hiring a firm to assess industry cost structure
b) assigning employees to analyze the financial statements of the firm
c) hiring candidates to handle a new project
d) designating a manager to engage in lobbying
Q:
A rent chain ________.
a) does not help generate nonmarket action through constituency connection.
b) gives a firm the right or the opportunity to participate in public processes.
c) can be mobilized only on issues in the government institutions.
d) does not include stakeholders irrespective of whether they benefit from their interactions with the firm.
Q:
The underlying principle of the rent chain is that ________.
a) the greater the rents affected by a nonmarket issue, the lower are the incentives to take nonmarket action to obtain or protect those rents
b) the lower the rents affected by a nonmarket issue, the greater are the incentives to take nonmarket action to obtain or protect those rents
c) the rents affected by a nonmarket issue are independent of the incentives to take nonmarket action to obtain those rents
d) the greater the rents affected by a nonmarket issue, the greater are the incentives to take nonmarket action to obtain or protect those rents
Q:
Which of the following reflects a firms nonmarket assets?
a) switching costs
b) customer loyalty
c) reputation of the top management
d) investment in mutual funds
Q:
Which of the following statements is applicable to the approach to nonmarket strategy formulation in interest group politics?
a) Strategies should increase the benefits to those with aligned interests and reduce their costs of taking nonmarket action.
b) Strategies should increase the opposing sides incentives to take nonmarket action.
c) It is a linear process and does not involve taking into account other interests.
d) Nonmarket strategies for firms are often more wider than the set of strategies used by other interests.
Q:
Nonmarket strategies are the link between ________.
a) institutions and institutional officeholders
b) objectives and the specific actions taken to achieve them
c) motivations and incentives of an issue
d) the demand for and supply of nonmarket action
Q:
Nonmarket analysis involves ________.
a) assessing the industry cost structure
b) analyzing the financial statements of the firm
c) identifying distribution channels
d) assessing institutional characteristics
Q:
The approach to nonmarket strategy formulation ________.
a) requires the delegation of administrative responsibility to an agency or a regulatory commission
b) addresses nonmarket issues of a firm directly in public institutions
c) does not require nonmarket strategies to focus on initial institutional arena as there is no competition between different interests of a firm
d) resolves nonmarket issues by voluntary agreements and thus, does not need strategy formulation
Q:
The responsibility for formulating nonmarket strategies ultimately rests with ________.
a) taxpayers
b) management
c) public institutions
d) interest groups
Q:
In terms of business nonmarket action, ________ can take two basic forms: one involves misrepresentation and the other involves exploiting institutional features.
a) nonmarket analysis
b) lobbying
c) manipulation
d) strategy formulation
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of nonmarket activities of businesses from the perspective of the public?
a) Businesses misrepresent information that play on ignorance and biases.
b) Businesses do not have too much power to make a change in the society.
c) Businesses do not exploit institutional features.
d) Business goals are always congruent with public interests.
Q:
Collective nonmarket action, such as joint lobbying to influence government ________.
a) violates antitrust laws
b) is considered as manipulation
c) cannot be associated with corporations
d) does not violate antitrust laws
Q:
Corporate participation in political activities ________.
a) can give voice to people whose interests might otherwise be unrepresented
b) always leads to over-representation of interests
c) does not advance public interest
d) cannot be aligned with the interests of activist groups
Q:
________ keep a check on business nonmarket power.
a) Activist groups
b) Management of firms
c) Human resource departments
d) Employees
Q:
________ Amendment protects the right of corporations to make expenditures and participate in political competitions on a state ballot proposition.
a) First
b) Second
c) Tenth
d) Sixteenth
Q:
A car manufacturing firm is deliberately neglecting state environmental laws. Which of the following responses from the society is applicable here?
a) society may control the exercise of market power through regulation
b) society may rely on market forces to develop substitute products
c) society cannot require disclosure of nonmarket actions
d) society can rely on countervailing influences from opposing interests to mitigate business nonmarket power
Q:
Strategy formulation in the nonmarket environment ________.
a) does not require collective action
b) attracts a broader set of participants than those involved in markets
c) implements important components in private
d) resolves issues through voluntary agreements
Q:
In client politics, firms prefer to adopt a high-profile strategy that includes public advocacy to counter the opposition.
Q:
In politically responsive institutions success depends more on the provision of technical information.
Q:
Vote recruiting is a majority-building strategy.
Q:
Implementation of nonmarket strategies pertains to the selection of specific actions and the assignment of tasks to organizational units and individual managers.
Q:
Firms need to develop contingent strategies as nonmarket competition on an issue is limited to a single institutional arena.
Q:
Rent chain can be mobilized only on issues inside governmental institutions.
Q:
When an industry seeks to defeat legislation, a unified position is most effective.
Q:
The reputation of a firm and its top management is an important nonmarket asset.
Q:
Constituency connection, campaign contributions, or a reputation for providing reliable information are nonmarket assets.
Q:
Cost pressure and information demand are primary nonmarket assets for firms and interest groups for strategy formulation.
Q:
The nonmarket strategies available to firms are the same as those available to other interest groups but its appropriateness and effectiveness can differ.
Q:
When there is competition among interests, as in the case of interest group politics, the effectiveness of a strategy is independent of the strategies that others are pursuing on the issue.
Q:
A firm injured by unfair foreign competition can file a petition for relief under the U.S. trade law.