Q&A Hero

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Q: SHORT ANSWER1. Why are barriers to entry so important to obtaining monopoly power in a market?

Q: The government oversight and management of monopoliesa. is illegal in most cases.b. never increases efficiency.c. always increases efficiency.d. is problematic because government agencies do not care about deadweight loss.e. is problematic because there are no incentives to keep costs in check.

Q: Refer to the accompanying table. A firm participating in a competitive market with these costs would be making a profit if the price isPriceAverage Fixed CostAverage Variable Cost$2$5$6$4$3$4$6$1$5$8$0.50$7a. $6. b. $8. c. $4.d. $2.e. either $6 or $8.

Q: Use the following scenario to answer the following questions:Chuck Diesel Burger is a food truck in Houston, Texas. Imagine that Chuck Diesel Burgers minimum average total cost (ATC) is $3.75 and that its minimum average variable cost (AVC) is $2.50. Assume there are no barriers to entrer into or exit from the food-truck market.Chuck Diesel Burger will be indifferent about staying open or shutting down if the price isequal toa. $4.00.b. $3.75. c. $3.00. d. $2.50.e. $2.00.

Q: When talking about economic profits in a perfectly competitive market, the difference between the long run and the short run is that in the short run, firms a. can earn positive economic profits, but in the long run, firms have zero economic profits. b. can earn negative economic profits, but in the long run, firms have zero economic profits. c. can earn positive or negative economic profits, but in the long run, firms have negative economic profits. d. earn negative economic profits, but in the long run, firms have positive economic profits. e. can earn positive or negative economic profits, but in the long run, firms have zero economic profits.

Q: Firms will break even if the price they charge is a. less than their minimum average total cost (ATC). b. less than their minimum average variable cost (AVC). c. greater than their minimum average variable cost (AVC). d. greater than their minimum average total cost (ATC). e. equal to their minimum average total cost (ATC).

Q: Firms will always make a positive economic profit if the price they charge is a. less than their minimum average total cost (ATC). b. less than their minimum average variable cost (AVC). c. greater than their minimum average variable cost (AVC). d. greater than their minimum average total cost (ATC). e. equal to their minimum average total cost (ATC).

Q: Which of the following conditions will result in the firm making zero economic profits?a. P > ATC b. P < ATC c. P = ATCd. P = AVCe. ATC > P > AVC

Q: Which of the following conditions will result in the firm making an economic profit?a. P > ATC b. P < ATC c. P = ATCd. P = AVCe. ATC > P > AVC

Q: If a competitive firm can make enough revenue to cover its variable costs, the firm willa. always earn a profit. b. always earn a loss. c. earn a profit in the long run.d. choose to remain open.e. shut down.

Q: What should the firm do if there is no possible output where the price would at least be equal to average variable costs? a. The firm should lower the price. b. The firm should raise the price. c. The firm should shut down in the short run. d. The firm should increase production. e. The firm should decrease production.

Q: A firm will shut down in the short run a. when price is below average variable costs at all levels of output. b. when price is below average fixed costs at all levels of output. c. when price is below average total costs at all levels of output. d. when price is below marginal costs at all levels of output. e. whenever the firm is losing money.

Q: The perfectly competitive firms short-run shutdown price equals a. total variable costs. b. the fixed costs. c. marginal revenue. d. the minimum of average total cost. e. the minimum of average variable cost.

Q: In the short run, under what conditions should the firm shut down? a. average total cost at the minimum point b. price greater than average variable cost c. price less than average variable cost d. marginal revenue greater than marginal cost e. marginal revenue greater than average total cost

Q: What should the firm do when it faces the following conditions:Average total cost = $60Average variable cost = $40Marginal cost = $35Marginal revenue = $35a. lower the priceb. shut down c. increase production d. decrease productione. raise the price

Q: Where is a perfectly competitive firms break-even output level? a. at the intersection of the marginal cost curve with the marginal revenue curve b. at the intersection of the total cost curve with the marginal revenue curve c. at the minimum point of the average total cost curve d. at the minimum point of the marginal cost curve e. at the minimum point of the average variable cost curve

Q: What is true for the perfectly competitive firms output level at the break-even point? a. price = marginal revenue = average total cost b. marginal revenue = price < marginal cost c. marginal revenue = price > marginal cost d. marginal revenue < price = marginal cost e. price > marginal revenue = marginal cost

Q: A company produces at an output level where marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost and has the following revenue and cost levels: Marginal cost curve intersects the average variable cost curve at $140. Marginal cost curve intersects the average total cost curve at $150. Marginal cost curve intersects the marginal revenue curve at $200. What would you suggest this firm should do in the short run? a. The firm should shut down. b. The firm should continue to produce at a loss. c. The firm should continue to produce at a profit level of $10 per unit. d. The firm should continue to produce at a profit level of $50 per unit. e. The firm should continue to produce at a profit level of $60 per unit.

Q: A company produces at an output level where marginal cost is equal to marginal revenue and has the following revenue and cost levels: Total revenue = $1,450 Total cost = $1,500 Total variable cost = $1,300 What would you suggest? a. shut down b. continue to produce because the loss is less than the total fixed cost c. increase production to lower the marginal cost d. reduce output to lower the marginal cost e. raise the price

Q: Marcy owns a photography business in Mobile, Alabama. The market for photography is very competitive. At Marcys current production level, her marginal cost is $15 and her marginal revenue is $12. In order to maximize profits, Marcy shoulda. decrease production. b. keep production the same. c. increase the price.d. decrease the price.e. increase production.

Q: Kimiko owns a cupcake shop in Newport Beach, California. The market for cupcakes is very competitive. At Kimikos current production level, her marginal cost is $25 and her marginal revenue is $29. To maximize profits, Kimiko shoulda. decrease production. b. keep production the same. c. increase the price.d. decrease the price.e. increase production.

Q: At the current level of output, the following data exists: Price = $20 Marginal cost = $6 Average variable cost = $10 Average total cost = $13 What must be true at this level of output? a. The firm should lower the price. b. The firm should stay at the same level of output. c. The firm should shut down. d. The firm should increase output. e. The firm should decrease output.

Q: If the price is greater than both the marginal cost and the average variable cost, what should the firm do?a. increase its production level b. decrease its production level c. stop producingd. reduce the pricee. increase the price

Q: When marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost, the firm should a. increase the level of output until price is equal to average variable cost. b. stop producing. c. stay at the same level of output. d. reduce the level of output. e. increase the level of output.

Q: The accompanying table represents the quantity produced, the total revenue, and the total cost of a firm operating in a perfectly competitive market. Refer to this table to answer the following questions.QuantityTotal RevenueTotal Cost0 $0 $31 $5 $52$10 $93$15$134$20$19At what point does the profit-maximizing perfectly competitive firm produce?a. where total revenue minus marginal revenue is at a maximumb. where marginal revenue minus marginal cost is at a maximumc. where total revenue minus total cost is at a minimumd. where marginal revenue minus marginal cost is at a maximume. where marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost

Q: Refer to the accompanying graph to answer the following questions.All firms, no matter what type of firm structure they are producing in, make their production decisions based on the point where theira. total revenue equals total cost.b. marginal revenue equals marginal costs.c. profits are equal to zero.d. marginal revenue equals price.e. average total cost is minimized.

Q: Refer to the accompanying graph to answer the following questions.If the firm is maximizing profits, profit is represented by the areaa. B C. b. A C. c. (A - B) C.d. A B.e. (A + B ) C.

Q: Refer to the accompanying graph to answer the following questions.If this firm is maximizing profits, total revenue is represented by the areaa. B C. b. A C. c. (A - B) C.d. A B.e. (A + B) C.

Q: Refer to the accompanying figure. Point ________ corresponds to the profit-maximizing quantity that a competitive firm would produce.a. A b. B c. Cd. De. E

Q: If the market price is $15 and marginal cost is represented by the equation 2 Q, where Q is in thousands of units, what is the profit-maximizing quantity?a. 15,000 b. 8,000 c. 7,000d. 7,500e. 30,000

Q: When marginal revenue equals marginal cost a. profits are always equal to zero. b. firms should increase production. c. firms should decrease production. d. firms should shut down. e. firms are maximizing profits, so they should continue at that production level.

Q: Profit maximization occurs when a. a firm expands output until marginal revenue is exceeded by marginal cost. b. a firm expands output until marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost. c. the price in the market is equal to the firms marginal revenue. d. total costs equal total revenue. e. a firm sets the price at a point above average total cost.

Q: Marginal revenue is the change in total a. cost when the firm produces additional units. b. revenue when the firm spends more money. c. revenue divided by the change in total cost. d. revenue when the firm produces additional units. e. cost divided by the change in total revenue.

Q: Total revenue minus total cost equalsa. marginal revenue. b. marginal cost. c. change in profit.d. profit.e. quantity.

Q: Suppose a perfectly competitive broccoli farm can produce 35 crates at an output level where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. The price per crate of broccoli is $25 and the average total cost is $30. What is the total profit or loss that this farm is earning?a. $175.00 b. -$175.00 c. $875.00d. $5e. -$5

Q: Suppose a perfectly competitive paper firm can produce six tons of paper at an output level where marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost. The price per ton of paper is $100 and the average total cost is $75. What is the total profit or loss that the paper firm is earning?a. $150.00 b. $450.00 c. $600.00d. -$150.00e. -$450.00

Q: Firms in every market structure a. make long-run economic profits. b. are in competition with many other firms. c. leave the market as soon as they experience loss of profits. d. will attempt to maximize profits. e. face a horizontal demand curve.

Q: If a perfectly competitive firm is maximizing profits in the short run, what does this mean? a. The profit must be positive. b. The profit equals zero. c. The profit must be zero or positive. d. The profit can be negative, zero, or positive. e. The profit must be negative.

Q: Profit per unit is the difference between a. revenue per unit and average total cost. b. total revenue and average total cost. c. marginal revenue and marginal cost. d. total revenue and total cost. e. revenue per unit and marginal cost.

Q: The University of California at Irvine (UCI) allows student organizations and private firms to sell items on campus to raise funds for various activities. Many of the organizations sell boba, a Taiwanese tea drink, because boba is popular with students. The market for boba on the UCI campus is very competitive. If legislation is passed to restrict the entry of private firms into the boba market at the UCI campus, the a. market would become less competitive. b. market would become more competitive. c. demand for boba would fall. d. supply for boba would increase. e. demand for boba would increase.

Q: Which characteristic of competitive markets is mainly responsible for firms making zero economic profits in the long run? a. many buyers b. many sellers c. similar goods d. differentiated goods e. easy entry into and exit from the market

Q: Which characteristic of competitive markets is mainly responsible for ensuring that prices will be kept low? a. many buyers b. many sellers c. similar goods d. easy entry into and exit from the market e. differentiated goods

Q: Many economists believe that the market for wheat in the United States is an almost perfectly competitive market. If one firm discovers a technology that makes its wheat taste better and have fewer calories than all other wheat offered in the market, the wheat market would become less competitive because a. there would no longer be many buyers and many sellers of wheat. b. it would no longer be easy to enter and exit the existing wheat market. c. the products would no longer be similar in the wheat market. d. the government would want to intervene. e. individuals would not want to switch products.

Q: In a competitive market, if one firm raises its price relative to the other firms in the market, consumers are willing to go to another firm because a. the products are similar, which makes them complements. b. the products are similar, which makes them substitutes. c. there are many sellers in the market selling different items. d. consumers can get more producer surplus by going to a different firm. e. consumers can set the price they want to pay.

Q: The market for hot dogs on the streets of New York City can be considered close to a perfectly competitive market. Because there are so many individuals buying and selling hot dogs a. there is a shortage of hot dogs. b. there is a surplus of hot dogs. c. market forces set the price in the market. d. firms are able to make large economic profits. e. firms cannot make positive accounting profits.

Q: The presence of many buyers and sellers is an important characteristic of competitive markets because it allows a. sellers in the market to have influence over the market price. b. buyers in the market to have influence over the market price. c. sellers in the market to have influence over the market quantity. d. buyers in the market to have influence over the market quantity. e. the price and quantity in the market to be determined by market forces.

Q: A farmers market is close to being a perfectly competitive market. Which characteristic of a perfectly competitive market do most farmers markets violate?a. many buyers b. many sellers c. free entry into the marketd. free exit from the markete. similar goods produced

Q: Competitive markets exist when a. there are so many buyers and sellers that each has only a small impact on the market price and the market output. b. there are more buyers than sellers, giving the buyers market power. c. there are more sellers than buyers, giving the sellers market power. d. accounting profits become zero because of price wars. e. prices are so low that everyone who wants the good or service gets the good or service.

Q: Which is an example of an almost perfectly competitive market? a. Major League Baseball d. airlines b. restaurants e. farmers markets c. cruise liners

Q: Real-life examples of competitive markets a. are more common than any other market structure. b. are usually far short of perfection. c. include the fast-food industry and soda industry. d. are difficult to break into as an entrepreneur. e. do not benefit society.

Q: Which of the following lists three main characteristics of a competitive market? a. many buyers and sellers, similar products, easy entry into the market b. many buyers and few sellers, similar products, easy entry into the market c. many buyers and sellers, differentiated products, easy entry into the market d. many buyers and sellers, similar products, barriers to entry into the market e. many buyers and few sellers, unique products, barriers to entry into the market

Q: Because of market forces, firms have ________ when competition is widespread. a. control over the price that they can charge and they make little or no economic profit b. control over the price that they can charge and they make positive economic profit c. little or no control over the price that they can charge and they make negative economic profit d. little or no control over the price that they can charge and they make little or no economic profit e. little or no control over the price that they can charge and they make extreme economic profits

Q: In competitive markets a. the products sold are different depending on the firm selling the product. b. buyers can expect to find consistently low prices and wide availability of the goods that they want. c. producers can expect to be able to set prices at the level they choose. d. it is hard for a seller to enter the market due to barriers to entry. e. firms will leave the market if they are making economic profits.

Q: In competitive markets a. firms set the prices for their products with little concern for the consumer. b. firms are considered to be price makers. c. firms are at the mercy of market forces. d. the individual firms are much stronger than the market forces are. e. the market forces set the quantity in the market but not the prices.

Q: Which of the following is the closest example of a perfectly competitive market?a. the market for cars b. the market for bread c. the market for handmade soapsd. the market for athletic shoese. the market for newspapers

Q: What is the consequence of a firm in a competitive market selling a homogenous product? a. The firms capture some market power. b. All the firms in the industry are the same size. c. Firms in the industry can produce the same product with a different quantity of inputs. d. The product sold by one firm is a perfect complement for the products sold by other firms in the industry. e. The product sold by one firm is a perfect substitute for the products sold by other firms in the same industry.

Q: Under perfect competition what would happen to a firm that sets its price slightly above market price? a. The firm would lose all of its customers. b. The firm could sell as much as it wanted in the market. c. The firm would earn a lot of profit as long as the other firms charge the market price. d. It would continue to earn a profit but revenue would be lower. e. It would earn lower profits than other firms, but the level of reduction would depend on the elasticity of demand.

Q: Each firm in a perfectly competitive industrya. is a price taker. b. is a price maker. c. faces low average total costs.d. is relatively large.e. is producing a differentiated product.

Q: The perfectly competitive firm cannot influence the market price because a. the firm has market power. b. the firm is a price maker. c. the firms production levels are too small to affect the market. d. the firm faces less competition. e. the firm has high costs.

Q: All of the following are characteristics of perfect competition EXCEPT a. each firm is a price taker. d. product differentiation. b. many buyers and sellers. e. homogenous products. c. lack of barriers to entry or exit.

Q: CHAPTER 9: Firms in a Competitive MarketA firm characterized as a price takera. has control over the price it pays, or receives, in the market.b. sets the price for the market.c. has no control over the price it pays, or receives, in the market.d. is not a characteristic of a perfectly competitive market.e. takes the price that is determined from the lowest price consumers are willing to pay for an item.

Q: One reason why the long-run supply curve may slope upward in a competitive market is that a. firms can exit the industry easily. b. firms can enter the industry easily. c. there are many buyers and many sellers. d. some resources necessary to produce the product may be available only in limited supplies. e. some resources necessary to produce the product are not limited.

Q: As a firm attempts to expand production, it must ________ the wage it pays to attract additional help. This leads to ________ costs, making the long-run supply curve slope ________.a. increase; higher; upward b. increase; higher; downward c. increase; lower; upwardd. decrease; lower; upwarde. decrease; higher; upward

Q: When firms exit a market, the ________-run market supply curve shifts ________, causing individual firms profits to ________.a. long; right; decrease b. short; left; decrease c. short; left; increased. short; right; decreasee. short; right; increase

Q: When firms enter a market, the ________-run market supply curve shifts ________, causing individual firms profits to ________.a. long; right; decrease b. short; left; decrease c. short; left; increased. short; right; decreasee. short; right; increase

Q: Holding all else constant, an increase in the price of hot dogs would cause the a. marginal revenue (MR) curve in the market for hot dog buns to increase. b. marginal revenue (MR) curve in the market for hot dogs to decrease. c. average total cost (ATC) curve in the market for hot dog buns to increase. d. profits in the market for hot dog buns to increase. e. marginal revenue (MR) curve in the market for hot dog buns to decrease.

Q: Holding all else constant, an increase in the market demand for a product in a competitive market would cause a. the average total cost (ATC) curve of the firms to increase. b. a decrease in the price a firm could charge for the product. c. the marginal revenue (MR) curve of the firms to increase. d. the marginal cost (MC) curve of the firms to increase. e. a decrease in profits for a firm.

Q: Holding all else constant, a decrease in the market demand for a product in a competitive market would cause a. the average total cost (ATC) curve of the firms to decrease. b. an increase in the price a firm could charge for the product. c. the marginal cost (MC) curve of the firms to decrease. d. the marginal revenue (MR) curve of the firms to shift downward. e. an increase in profits for a firm.

Q: The market for candles is perfectly competitive and is currently in equilibrium. What will happen if candles are later linked to more houses catching on fire? a. In the short run, firms will experience economic profits, but in the long run, firms will leave the market, bringing economic profits back down to zero. b. In the short run, firms will experience economic profits, but in the long run, firms will enter the market, bringing economic profits back down to zero. c. In the short run, firms will incur economic losses, but in the long run, firms will leave the market, bringing economic profits back up to zero. d. In the short run, firms will incur economic losses, but in the long run, firms will enter the market, bringing economic profits back up to zero. e. In both the short run and the long run, firms will experience zero economic profits.

Q: The market for watches is perfectly competitive and is currently in equilibrium. What will happen if watches become more popular among college students? a. In the short run, firms will experience economic profits, but in the long run, firms will leave the market, bringing economic profits back down to zero. b. In the short run, firms will experience economic profits, but in the long run, firms will enter the market, bringing economic profits back down to zero. c. In the short run, firms will incur economic losses, but in the long run, firms will leave the market, bringing economic profits back down to zero. d. In the short run, firms will incur economic losses, but in the long run, firms will enter the market, bringing economic profits back down to zero. e. In both the short run and the long run, firms will experience zero economic profits.

Q: If Dorothys Doughnuts is a perfectly competitive firm and is currently incurring economic losses of $500, a. firms will enter the market. b. firms will exit the market. c. individuals will demand more doughnuts. d. individuals will demand fewer doughnuts. e. the market supply curve will shift to the right.

Q: If Tamsins Tank Tops is a perfectly competitive firm and is currently making positive economic profits of $1,000, a. firms will enter the market. b. firms will exit the market. c. individuals will demand more tank tops. d. individuals will demand fewer tank tops. e. the market supply curve will shift to the left.