Q&A Hero

Q: Which statement accurately describes what NSC-68 called for? a. more spending on scientific research b. enforcement of the Marshall Plan c. isolationism d. an elimination of military arsenals e. a permanent military buildup to fight communism ANS: E TOP: Origins of the Cold War DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 903 | Seagull p. 914 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 1. Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War.

Q: Which of the following events occurred after Trumans 1947 speech to Congress? a. A precedent was established for the United States to support terroristic regimes everywhere in their struggles against communism. b. Congress approved $400 million in U.S. military aid to West Germany. c. Truman received only immediate, short-term Republican support for his containment policies. d. The Central Intelligence Agency and the Atomic Energy Commission were established with strict democratic oversight. e. A precedent was set to create military alliances against the Soviet Union. ANS: E TOP: Origins of the Cold War DIF: Moderate REF: Full pp. 894895 | Seagull p. 910 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 1. Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War.

Q: After World War II, the only nation that could rival the United States was a. China. b. France. c. the Soviet Union. d. Japan. e. Great Britain. ANS: C TOP: Origins of the Cold War DIF: Easy REF: Full p. 898 | Seagull p. 908 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War.

Q: How did Walter Lippmann view the Cold War? a. He saw it as a long, protracted war that the United States must win at all costs. b. He saw the Soviet Union as a supporter of freedom. c. He believed the United States needed to support colonization in order to gain allies. d. He believed the United States should give in to Soviet demands. e. He did not want U.S. foreign policy to turn into an ideological crusade. ANS: E TOP: Origins of the Cold War DIF: Difficult REF: Full pp. 901902 | Seagull p. 916 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 1. Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War.

Q: Assess the effects of the Marshall Plan. a. It was a disaster because China became a Communist country. b. It never went into effect because the U.S. Congress provided very little funding. c. The plan struggled because the Soviet Union embezzled half of the funds. d. The plan was controversial due to the discovery of George Marshall being a communist spy. e. It helped to jump-start the economies of western Europe. ANS: E TOP: Origins of the Cold War DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 895 | Seagull p. 911 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 1. Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War.

Q: The Truman Doctrine assumed a. the United States would only help democratic governments in its quest against communism. b. communism had already been defeated. c. the United States would first and foremost focus on its internal problems. d. the United States would provide aid to any anticommunist regime, even if it was not a democratic one. e. the U.S. Army should have a presence in every country dealing with the communist threat. ANS: D TOP: Origins of the Cold War DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 898 | Seagull p. 911 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War.

Q: Why did American policymakers agree to spend billions of dollars on the economic recovery of Europe under the Marshall Plan? a. They hoped to provoke the Soviet Union with this program. b. They were trying to further solidify the division between the East and the West on the continent. c. They were happy to provide their own constituents with profitable defense contracts. d. They were afraid that otherwise, western European nations might fall under Soviet influence. e. Most Americans still had immediate family in Europe and felt a strong personal connection. ANS: D TOP: Origins of the Cold War DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 895 | Seagull p. 911 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War.

Q: The Iron Curtain a. separated south and north Vietnam. b. isolated Japan from the world economy. c. was a term used to ridicule the Soviet Union. d. separated Japan from the rest of Asia. e. was a term used in reference to the division between the capitalist West and the communist East. ANS: E TOP: Origins of the Cold WarThe Iron Curtain DIF: Easy REF: Full p. 899 | Seagull p. 909 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 1. Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War.

Q: Which of the following happened right after World War II? a. The United States emerged as the worlds greatest power because it had the most powerful air force and navy. b. The United States accounted for almost all of the worlds manufacturing capacity. c. Only the United States and the Soviet Union could manufacture an atomic bomb. d. The League of Nations was created. e. The United States built the Berlin Wall. ANS: A TOP: Origins of the Cold War DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 896 | Seagull p. 908 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War.

Q: What was the result of the Korean War? a. North Korea won, but then gave half of its territory to China. b. The United States became divided on the home front as large peace demonstrations occurred in opposition to the war. c. South Korea unified its country and then kicked out the United States. d. Korea remained divided along the thirty-eighth parallel. e. The Soviet Union sent troops to occupy Korea. ANS: D TOP: Origins of the Cold War DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 899 | Seagull pp. 914915 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 1. Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War.

Q: The Berlin Blockade was a. a barrier erected by Allied forces in postwar Berlin to shield them from angry protests of starving residents. b. a means for the United States to justify its threat to mobilize Allied forces stationed in Turkey. c. erected because the United States threatened to invade the Soviet Union. d. the Soviet Unions reaction to the establishment of a separate currency in the western occupied zones. e. a temporary defensive measure by the United States that was soon taken down. ANS: D TOP: Origins of the Cold War DIF: Moderate REF: Full pp. 896897 | Seagull p. 912 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War.

Q: Who was the general who led the counterattack at Inchon during the Korean War? a. Dwight D. Eisenhower b. George Marshall c. Douglas MacArthur d. George Patton e. John Pershing ANS: C TOP: Origins of the Cold War DIF: Easy REF: Full p. 899 | Seagull pp. 914915 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 1. Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War.

Q: Why did the United States allow West Germany to become part of a defensive alliance less than ten years after the defeat of Nazi Germany? a. East Germany had positioned nuclear missiles along the border to the west. b. The United States depended heavily on the expertise of German rocket scientists. c. The United States made this concession in order to win access to lucrative German consumer markets. d. The Soviet detonation of a nuclear bomb underlined the importance of a militarily united West. e. The United States had thoroughly de-nazified the country. ANS: D TOP: Origins of the Cold War DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 897 | Seagull pp. 912913 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 1. Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War.

Q: The Truman Doctrine a. accepted different types of government. b. adhered to non-interference policies. c. produced a language that helped Americans make sense of the Cold War. d. was supported by Democrats only. e. provided aid to democratic governments only. ANS: C TOP: Origins of the Cold War DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 900 | Seagull p. 910 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War.

Q: Why did France and other European nations understand NATO as a form of double containment? a. The organization would keep both the United States and the Soviet Union in check. b. NATO would prevent the expansion of the British empire as well as of American imperialism. c. The pact would guard them against Soviet aggression as well as Germanys resurgence. d. NATO would contain communism but also contain the costs of defense for European nations. e. NATO would counterbalance Soviet influence and that of the United Nations. ANS: C TOP: Origins of the Cold War and NATO DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 897 | Seagull p. 913 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 1. Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War.

Q: Japan a. failed to renounce a policy of war and armed aggression. b. received no international aid to facilitate the countrys economic reconstruction. c. was under the control of the U.S. military until 1960. d. sided with the Soviet Union. e. adopted a new democratic constitution. ANS: E TOP: The Origins of the Cold War DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 900 | Seagull p. 912 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War.

Q: What obstacle did Harry Truman face when he assumed the presidency following the death of Franklin Roosevelt in April 1945? a. Roosevelts popularity made it difficult for Truman to win the respect of Congress and the people. b. At this time in the war, Americans were looking for a president with a military background, something Truman could not offer. c. Truman had been such an aggressive power player in Congress that he was likely to face stiff opposition there. d. Harry Truman had absolutely no experience in foreign policy, the most important qualification at this point in American history. e. Roosevelt had become so unpopular with the American people that his vice president was likely to have to pay for the sins of his predecessor. ANS: D TOP: Origins of the Cold War DIF: Difficult REF: Full pp. 893894 | Seagull p. 909 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 1. Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War.

Q: Which statement about the Korean conflict is correct? a. The United Nations authorized the use of force to repel the North Koreans. b. Chinese troops threatened to enter the conflict, but never did. c. General MacArthur argued against an invasion of China and for the use of nuclear weapons. d. Truman removed General Eisenhower from command when he criticized Truman. e. The war ended with a formal peace treaty. ANS: A TOP: Origins of the Cold War DIF: Moderate REF: Full pp. 897, 899 | Seagull pp. 914915 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 1. Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War.

Q: The Marshall Plan a. assumed economic prosperity and promoted communism. b. provided economic assistance to Latin American countries. c. was broadly capitalist, but incorporated a few key Marxist ideals. d. did not reach its objectives and was rapidly canceled. e. was popularized by the use of the slogan Prosperity Makes You Free. ANS: E TOP: Origins of the Cold War DIF: Easy REF: Full p. 901 | Seagull p. 911 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War.

Q: The National Resources Planning Boards slogan was a. stop Social Security benefits. b. economic security and full employment. c. less government spending. d. the survival of the fittest. e. get rid of the welfare state. ANS: B TOP: Visions of Postwar Freedom DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 871 | Seagull p. 881 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 3. Discuss the visions of Americas postwar role that began to emerge during the war.

Q: The zoot suit riots of 1943 a. were a series of fashion shows in Hollywood. b. involved Mexican immigrants fighting with blacks in Los Angeles. c. involved autoworkers in Detroit. d. highlighted the limits of racial tolerance during World War II. e. highlighted the growing acceptance of Mexicans in Southern California. ANS: D TOP: The American Dilemma DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 874 | Seagull p. 887 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 4. Analyze the ways in which American minorities faced threats to their freedoms at home and abroad.

Q: Anti-Semitism in the United States during World War II resulted in a. Jews being banned from the U.S. Army b. Jews being sent to U.S. internment camps c. Jewish children being fully segregated in New York schools d. Jews being encouraged to leave for Mexico. e. only 21,000 Jewish refugees being allowed in the United States. ANS: E TOP: The American Dilemma DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 871 | Seagull p. 885 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 4. Analyze the ways in which American minorities faced threats to their freedoms at home and abroad.

Q: Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War. How did the Freedom Train suggest the meaning of freedom remained controversial? a. Protests erupted in a number of cities over the required recitation of the Freedom Pledge and signing of the Freedom Scroll for access to the exhibit. b. American Heritage Foundation members were unhappy the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments were withdrawn from the documents to be displayed. c. The Wagner Act, the law guaranteeing workers right to form unions, was removed from inclusion in the documents display. d. The international press criticized the spectacle accompanying the American train when millions of people were suffering amid the ruins of World War II. e. Many viewers were upset that Native American treaties that showed the United States in a negative light were included. ANS: C TOP: Cultural History | Introduction: The Freedom Train DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 891 | Seagull p. 906 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War.

Q: How did wartime experiences change Mexican-American life in California? a. Tremendous wage increases prompted young Mexican workers to spend carelessly on frivolous outfits. b. Employment opportunities in the defense sector attracted Mexican farmworkers to the cities, where they built exclusive barrio neighborhoods. c. Service in segregated army units motivated Mexican-American activists to join ranks with African-American civil rights groups. d. Employment opportunities in the defense sector prompted Mexican-Americans to find work outside of their neighborhoods. e. The war increased the need for farmworkers, prompting Mexican-Americans to leave urban neighborhoods for rural regions. ANS: D TOP: The American Dilemma DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 871 | Seagull p. 886 MSC: Applying OBJ: 4. Analyze the ways in which American minorities faced threats to their freedoms at home and abroad.

Q: Explain how the Cold War reshaped the ideas of American freedom. Who was prevented from seeing the American Freedom Train exhibit in 1947? a. All blacks in the South were banned. b. People in Memphis and Birmingham were not allowed, because the trains organizers refused to segregate the viewing. c. Chinese people in California cities were not allowed to view the exhibit. d. Blacks in the South were only permitted to view exhibits after 8 p.m. when whites were done touring the train. e. Immigrants who were naturalized citizens were banned from boarding the train. ANS: B TOP: Cultural History | Introduction: The Freedom Train DIF: Moderate REF: Full pp. 891892 | Seagull p. 906 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War.

Q: Under the bracero program a. Mexican immigrants were denied entry to the United States. b. Mexican immigrants were eligible for citizenship. c. Mexicans immigrated without the right of citizenship. d. Indians were encouraged to leave their reservations. e. marriages between Mexicans and Americans were banned. ANS: C TOP: The American Dilemma DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 871 | Seagull pp. 886887 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 4. Analyze the ways in which American minorities faced threats to their freedoms at home and abroad.

Q: Explain the major initiatives of Trumans domestic policies. Why was it unlikely that the Soviet Union was going to embark on a new military campaign in the years following World War II? a. The communist nation had suffered more than 20 million casualties, along with immense devastation. b. Stalin was eager to demonstrate to eastern Europeans the pacifist credentials of his communist regime. c. The Soviet Union had made enormous territorial gains during the war and had every interest in securing them first. d. Stalin was shocked and appalled by the American use of the nuclear bomb in Japan and vowed to his people never to sink to that level. e. The Soviet politburo had replaced the warmongering Joseph Stalin with the decidedly pacifist Nikola Khrushchev. ANS: A TOP: Origins of the Cold War DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 892 | Seagull p. 908 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 1. Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War.

Q: The GI Bill of Rights a. provided additional benefits to those who had helped with the draft. b. only benefitted those who had joined the armed forces for longer than two years. c. failed to assist veterans wanting to buy homes. d. was limited in scope. e. rewarded all war veterans. ANS: E TOP: Visions of Postwar Freedom DIF: Easy REF: Full p. 872| Seagull pp. 882883 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 3. Discuss the visions of Americas postwar role that began to emerge during the war.

Q: Analyze the effects of Cold War anticommunism on American politics and culture. Multiple Choice Why was it inevitable that the United States and the Soviet Union would eventually come into conflict after the war ended? a. FDR had privately told his advisers that the wartime friendly relationship between both nations could never last. b. Historically, both nations had never shared long-term interests or values. c. It was clear as early as the Tehran conference that Stalin had never intended to follow through on any of the Grand Alliance agreements. d. Exploitation of Irans northern oil fields suggested the Soviet Union was already ahead of the United States in postwar economic development. e. The Soviet Union had not fulfilled its obligations from the Yalta conference. ANS: B TOP: Origins of the Cold War DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 893 | Seagull p. 908 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War.

Q: How did the Office of War Information (OWI) react to the issue of race? a. It ignored any issues of racism during World War II. b. This government agency only focused on the racism of Nazi Germany. c. This group celebrated the diversity in America. d. The OWI wanted to restore the mistrust of German-Americans that had existed during World War I. e. OWI officials asked for segregation to be strengthened in Washington, D.C. ANS: C TOP: The American Dilemma DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 870 | Seagull p. 884 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 4. Analyze the ways in which American minorities faced threats to their freedoms at home and abroad.

Q: How did the League of United Latin American Citizens regard Mexican-Americans? a. All Mexican-Americans were immigrants who did not deserve full rights. b. Mexican-Americans should be categorized as a separate race. c. Mexican-Americans had the right to be naturalized, but Mexicans should no longer be allowed entry into the United States. d. Mexican-Americans were white and deserved the same rights that other whites had. e. Mexican-Americans were black but should not face segregation. ANS: D TOP: Voices of Freedom | Primary Source Document DIF: Easy REF: Full p. 872 | Seagull p. 888 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 4. Analyze the ways in which American minorities faced threats to their freedoms at home and abroad.

Q: The policy of containment can best be described as a. preventing the expansion of U.S. economic interests in Latin America to appease growing unrest in impoverished regions. b. a focus on the containment of further military conflict in the postwar world. c. preventing the spread of communism worldwide. d. fighting for the complete destruction of communism anywhere in the world. e. containing capitalism within its own safe sphere. ANS: C TOP: Origins of the Cold War DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 893 | Seagull p. 909 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War.

Q: How did Patriotic Assimilation differ from Americanization? a. Patriotic assimilation advocated the forced integration of racial and ethnic groups into American society, whereas Americanization promoted tolerance. b. Patriotic assimilation described the American way of life, where people of different backgrounds could live together in freedom and unite as a people. c. Both terms essentially described the same wartime cultural practice, but referred to different periods of American history: World War I and World War II. d. Patriotic assimilation was in reference to ethnic minorities who served in the military and experienced integration and greater equality while fighting overseas. e. Americanization described plurality with a rigid hierarchy. ANS: B TOP: The American Dilemma DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 870 | Seagull p. 884 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 4. Analyze the ways in which American minorities faced threats to their freedoms at home and abroad.

Q: After the war, and especially after winning the struggle against Nazi Germany and their ideals of a superior race, Americans a. continued to distrust immigrant groups. b. reinforced immigration quotas. c. officially promoted a pluralist vision of American society. d. formed a wide variety of social groups to promote the rights of social minorities. e. continued to welcome Jews, but not Latinos. ANS: C TOP: The American Dilemma DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 873 | Seagull p. 884 MSC: Applying OBJ: 4. Analyze the ways in which American minorities faced threats to their freedoms at home and abroad.

Q: Why were American diplomats particularly dismayed that the Soviets had installed a procommunist government in Poland in 1945? a. U.S. forces had hoped to include Poland in the western European security pact that later became known at NATO. b. The Soviet Union had ruled Poland brutally prior to the war and was responsible for most of the killings that took place there in the war. c. Stalin had promised Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt at Yalta that he would allow a democratic government in Poland. d. Americans feared that Soviet control of Poland would make it easier for the Red Army to capture and control all of Germany. e. Poland had significant oil reserves that British and U.S. interests had planned to tap in an expanded Baltic Trade Agreement after the war. ANS: C TOP: Origins of the Cold War DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 893 | Seagull p. 909 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 1. Identify the events and ideological conflicts that prompted the Cold War.

Q: In his book The American Century, Luce argues that a. Americans should embrace European hegemony. b. Americans should stop thinking of themselves as better than the rest. c. Americans should return to isolationism. d. Americans should prepare to be the world leaders. e. Americans should stop intervening in international conflicts. ANS: D TOP: Visions of Postwar Freedom DIF: Difficult REF: Full pp. 870871 | Seagull pp. 880881 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 3. Discuss the visions of Americas postwar role that began to emerge during the war.

Q: Eric Foner argues that, during World War II, Officials rewrote history to establish a. the nations worldwide military and economic supremacy. b. that racial and ethnic tolerance had always been the American way. c. that previous U.S. intolerance toward immigrants was justified. d. that blacks and whites were treated equally in front of the law. e. that the military industry is a highly profitable business. ANS: B TOP: The American Dilemma DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 873 | Seagull p. 885 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 4. Analyze the ways in which American minorities faced threats to their freedoms at home and abroad.

Q: The Office of War Information a. formed part of the New Deal. b. was created after the Second World War. c. used all its resources to show the American people the war was ideological. d. specialized in updating the U.S. government with news from the European front. e. used radio, film, and press to show the importance of responding to Japan with violence. ANS: C TOP: The Home Front DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 867 | Seagull pp. 877878 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 2. Examine the ways the United States mobilized economic resources and promoted popular support for the war effort.

Q: For most women workers, World War II a. had little impact. b. permanently changed the way employers viewed them. c. allowed them to make temporary gains. d. permanently changed the way unions viewed them. e. did not increase employment rates, especially for married women. ANS: C TOP: The Home Front DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 869 | Seagull p. 880 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 2. Examine the ways the United States mobilized economic resources and promoted popular support for the war effort.

Q: What did Henry Luce and Henry Wallace have in common? a. They both believed that the United States should assume an isolationist policyleading by example, not by action. b. They were both liberals in their political beliefs and strongly supported the New Deal, which they believed should be spread to the rest of the world. c. They both put forth a new conception of Americas role in the world based in part on internationalism and on the idea that the American experience should serve as a model for all other nations. d. They both believed that the best course of action for the United States after the war was fiscal conservative policies, including high tariffs and domestic taxes. e. They were both working for the Office of War Information in promoting, through books, the positions held by the group America First. ANS: C TOP: Visions of Postwar Freedom DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 867 | Seagull p. 881 MSC: Evaluating OBJ: 3. Discuss the visions of Americas postwar role that began to emerge during the war.

Q: What happened to most female war workers after the war? a. Most of them received promotions and leadership positions. b. They were offered higher salaries. c. They lost their jobs, especially those in better-paying ones. d. They managed to retain their jobs. e. They willingly and humbly returned to fulfill their role as mothers and wives. ANS: C TOP: The Home Front DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 869 | Seagull p. 880 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 2. Examine the ways the United States mobilized economic resources and promoted popular support for the war effort.

Q: Who did publisher Henry Luce credit with the provision of the abundant life in his blueprint for postwar prosperity, The American Century? a. the Department of Defense b. returning veterans c. free enterprise d. the New Deal state e. labor unions ANS: C TOP: Visions of Postwar Freedom DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 867 | Seagull p. 881 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 3. Discuss the visions of Americas postwar role that began to emerge during the war.

Q: The Road to Serfdom a. advocated for laissez-faire economics. b. offered an intellectual basis for an active government. c. was written by an Austrian-born economist who embraced the label of conservative all his life. d. offered the first history of the rise of Nazi Germany. e. offered an in-depth look at the Soviet Union and its gulags. ANS: A TOP: The American Dilemma DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 869 | Seagull p. 883 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 3. Discuss the visions of Americas postwar role that began to emerge during the war.

Q: What influenced the ideas in the reports of the National Resources Planning Board from 1942 to 1943? a. laissez-faire economics b. socialism c. Progressivism d. Wilsonian moralism e. Keynesian economics ANS: E TOP: Visions of Postwar Freedom DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 867 | Seagull p. 882 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 3. Discuss the visions of Americas postwar role that began to emerge during the war.

Q: On what grounds did the Austrian-born economist Friedrich A. Hayek reject the New Deal state? a. In all its details, he thought it indistinguishable from National Socialism. b. The American consumer economy, he thought, lacked the complexity that required economic planning. c. He argued that even well-intended government plans threatened individual liberties. d. He reasoned that economic planning during the war had almost cost the United States its victory. e. He worried that the New Deal would eventually assist African-Americans in achieving equality. ANS: C TOP: The American Dilemma DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 869 | Seagull p. 883 MSC: Applying OBJ: 3. Discuss the visions of Americas postwar role that began to emerge during the war.

Q: Organized labor assisted in the war effort by a. not going on strikes. b. working extra hours with no pay. c. incentivizing workers to join the army. d. paying monthly fees to support the war. e. working from home. ANS: A TOP: The Home Front DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 864 | Seagull p. 876 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 2. Examine the ways the United States mobilized economic resources and promoted popular support for the war effort.

Q: Why did the Office of War Information come under criticism? a. It reached very few people. b. It had been infiltrated by communists. c. It spent too much time criticizing Roosevelt. d. It was costly to maintain and did not generate much results. e. It devoted too much time to promoting Roosevelts New Deal. ANS: E TOP: The Home Front DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 868 | Seagull p. 878 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 2. Examine the ways the United States mobilized economic resources and promoted popular support for the war effort.

Q: What taste of freedom did women enjoy in World War II? a. sexual liberation b. the possibility of doing mens jobs and receiving mens wages c. new labor benefits, such as paid vacations d. the possibility to join the army and hold leadership positions e. to work fewer hours than men and receive higher wages ANS: B TOP: The Home Front DIF: Difficult REF: Full pp. 869870 | Seagull p. 879 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 2. Examine the ways the United States mobilized economic resources and promoted popular support for the war effort.

Q: During the war, Americans a. experienced the rationing of scarce consumer goods such as gasoline. b. found fewer consumer goods available by 1944. c. still suffered from high unemployment. d. were told that the end of war might bring a return of the Great Depression. e. experienced extreme deprivation. ANS: A TOP: The Home Front DIF: Moderate REF: Full pp. 864865 | Seagull p. 879 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 2. Examine the ways the United States mobilized economic resources and promoted popular support for the war effort.

Q: FDRs Economic Bill of Rights a. included some provisions for veteran support, but did not have the funding to become law. b. would have enabled the government to provide education, housing, and medical care. c. was modified to gain the support of progressives and pushed through Congress by Harry Truman. d. was a copy of Nazi Germanys welfare laws under Adolf Hitler before the war. e. was a large part of FDRs 1944 presidential campaign. ANS: B TOP: Visions of Postwar Freedom DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 868 | Seagull p. 882 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 3. Discuss the visions of Americas postwar role that began to emerge during the war.

Q: Which of the following is true regarding women in the workforce during World War II? a. The overwhelming majority of working women were employed in industrial professions. b. The government believed that by employing women, they were expanding womens freedom. c. Women were encouraged to keep their jobs even after the war had ended. d. Women in 1944 made up more than one-third of the civilian labor force. e. Single women made up the majority of working women. ANS: D TOP: The Home Front DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 865 | Seagull p. 879 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 2. Examine the ways the United States mobilized economic resources and promoted popular support for the war effort.

Q: Rosie the Riveter was a. a female industrial worker on a propaganda poster. b. a movie star. c. a feminist leader. d. the first black woman to hold office. e. a famous military woman. ANS: A TOP: The Home Front DIF: Easy REF: Full p. 869 | Seagull p. 879 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 2. Examine the ways the United States mobilized economic resources and promoted popular support for the war effort.

Q: What did Roosevelt mean by the phrase Freedom from Want? a. the importance of moving away from consumerism into a more spiritual society b. freedom to consume c. that the idea of freedom of contract would be reestablished d. the continuation of the Great Depression after the war e. That, once the war finished, he would continue to protect the standard of living of the common man. ANS: E TOP: The Home Front DIF: Difficult REF: Full pp. 866867 | Seagull p. 877 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 2. Examine the ways the United States mobilized economic resources and promoted popular support for the war effort.

Q: Women working in defense industries during the war a. were viewed as permanent workers after the war, so long as they did a good job. b. made up one-third of the West Coast workers in aircraft manufacturing and shipbuilding. c. had little impact on the war effort. d. were small in number, as most women took clerical work or joined the military service as nurses. e. were all young, single women who left their jobs once they got married. ANS: B TOP: The Home Front DIF: Easy REF: Full p. 869 | Seagull p. 879 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 2. Examine the ways the United States mobilized economic resources and promoted popular support for the war effort.

Q: D-Day refers to a. the last battle of the eastern front. b. the day the United States decided to take part in the war. c. the largest sea-land military operation in history. d. the day Germany surrendered. e. the day Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. ANS: C TOP: Fighting the Second World War DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 860 | Seagull p. 871 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Explain the steps that led to American participation in World War II.

Q: How did the Allied campaign in Italy lay the groundwork for the invasion of France on D-Day? a. The defeat of Mussolinis regime forced Hitler to redirect valuable German troops to occupy Italy. b. American soldiers had the opportunity to hone their fighting skills in the much more forgiving Mediterranean theater of war. c. Allied forces had to secure the Mediterranean for unperturbed access to Middle Eastern oil, a necessary resource for the invasion. d. By occupying Italy, Allied forces were able to channel supplies through Switzerland and France to the westward-marching invaders from Normandy. e. The defeat of Italy made it possible to recruit desperately needed Italian ground troops for an invasion in France. ANS: A TOP: Fighting World War II DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 856 | Seagull p. 871 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 1. Explain the steps that led to American participation in World War II.

Q: How did World War II affect the West Coast of the United States? a. The populations of both San Francisco and Los Angeles declined as the prospect of a Japanese invasion led many people to migrate inland. b. The West Coast cities of Portland and Seattle received a relatively small amount of federal money for their shipyards. c. Unlike other regions profiting from military-industrial production, growth rates in the West remained essentially flat. d. Millions of Americans moved to California for jobs and military service. e. The military temporarily relocated its headquarters to Portland to plan for a Japanese invasion. ANS: D TOP: The Home Front DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 860 | Seagull p. 874 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 2. Examine the ways the United States mobilized economic resources and promoted popular support for the war effort.

Q: Where did the turning point of World War II in Europe occur? a. Warsaw b. Paris c. Berlin d. Moscow e. Stalingrad ANS: E TOP: Fighting World War II DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 856 | Seagull p. 872 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 1. Explain the steps that led to American participation in World War II.

Q: Why did so many American workers walk out of their jobs between 1943 and 1944? a. They were protesting equal pay for women and men, blacks and whites. b. They were protesting discriminatory hiring practices of FEPC. c. They charged their employers with the unseemly expansion of corporate profits. d. They sought to express moral objections to the mass manufacturing of guns and ordnance. e. They were protesting the fact that the United States failed to make the destruction of German death camps a priority in its war effort. ANS: C TOP: The Home Front DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 861 | Seagull p. 876 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 2. Examine the ways the United States mobilized economic resources and promoted popular support for the war effort.

Q: Which of the following statements best describes Japans overseas actions in the 1930s? a. Japan led the League of Nations. b. Japan failed in its attempt to invade China in 1931. c. Before World War II, Japan had no intention to expand. d. Japan proved to be a key player in the Spanish Civil War. e. Japan invaded China hoping to expand militarily and economically. ANS: E TOP: Fighting World War II DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 853 | Seagull p. 865 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Explain the steps that led to American participation in World War II.

Q: What was the final solution? a. The Allied operation for D-Day. b. Adolf Hitlers plan to mass-exterminate undesirable peoples. c. The United States plan for the atomic bombs to be dropped on Japan. d. Japans plan to attack Pearl Harbor. e. Joseph Stalins plan to spread communism throughout the world. ANS: B TOP: Fighting World War II DIF: Easy REF: Full pp. 856, 858 | Seagull pp. 872873 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 1. Explain the steps that led to American participation in World War II.

Q: How did the role of the national government change during the war? a. It shrank in size and stopped getting involved in the daily lives of businesses and citizens. b. It allowed the national market economy to run free, both locally and internationally. c. It financed manufacturing companies to diversify production. d. It grew and created several federal agencies to regulate the war effort. e. It dedicated all of its efforts to promoting racial equality at home. ANS: D TOP: The Home Front DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 862 | Seagull p. 873 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 2. Examine the ways the United States mobilized economic resources and promoted popular support for the war effort

Q: Responding to Japan and Germanys aggression and expansionist hopes, the federal government a. stopped doing business with both countries. b. did not interfere with enterprises that were doing business with them. c. broke off diplomatic relations. d. offered its services as mediator with other countries. e. prohibited U.S. businesses to commercialize with them. ANS: B TOP: Fighting World War II DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 854 | Seagull p. 866 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Explain the steps that led to American participation in World War II.

Q: As soon as the United States entered World War II, a. local conflicts disappeared. b. American troops won all battles. c. the Axis powers started to retreat. d. the Allies started to win the war. e. its troops lost important battles. ANS: E TOP: Fighting World War II DIF: Moderate REF: Full pp. 857858 | Seagull p. 869 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Explain the steps that led to American participation in World War II.

Q: What turned the tide of the Pacific naval war in favor of the Allies? a. the bombing of Pearl Harbor b. the Soviet Unions declaration of war on Japan c. the destruction of Japanese aircraft carriers at Midway Island d. Hitlers retreat from the Pacific e. the invasion of the Philippines ANS: C TOP: Fighting World War II DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 854 | Seagull p. 869 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Explain the steps that led to American participation in World War II.

Q: In the United States during World War II, a. unemployment declined and income taxes increased. b. the economy grew only slightly. c. income taxes increased only for the wealthy. d. little was done to regulate the economy. e. the actual size of the federal government shrank as the New Deal ended. ANS: A TOP: The Home Front DIF: Easy REF: Full p. 858 | Seagull p. 873 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 2. Examine the ways the United States mobilized economic resources and promoted popular support for the war effort.

Q: Which former enemy of Hitler signed a nonaggression pact with Germany? a. Great Britain b. Soviet Union c. Japan d. Spain e. United States ANS: B TOP: Fighting World War II DIF: Easy REF: Full p. 855 | Seagull p. 867 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 1. Explain the steps that led to American participation in World War II.

Q: The Grand Alliance joined together a. the United States, Great Britain and the Soviet Union. b. Great Britain, France, and China. c. Great Britain, the United States, and Spain. d. Germany, Italy, and Japan. e. France, the Netherlands, and Norway. ANS: A TOP: Fighting World War II DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 859 | Seagull p. 870 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Explain the steps that led to American participation in World War II.

Q: The Lend-Lease Act a. urged Germany to sign a treaty of nonaggression with Great Britain and the Soviet Union. b. authorized the U.S. government to send troops to the war front. c. authorized military aid as long as countries promised to return it after the war. d. banned all sort of commercial activities with Japan and Germany. e. declared war against Japan. ANS: C TOP: Fighting the Second World War DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 856 | Seagull p. 868 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Explain the steps that led to American participation in World War II.

Q: How did World War II change the role of corporations in American life? a. U.S. corporations became friendly and close collaborators with the federal government. b. With the loss of their overseas affiliates in Asia and Europe, U.S. corporations once again became predominantly American. c. Technological innovation and high productivity in the war effort restored the reputations of corporations from their Depression lows. d. The heavy reliance of the Roosevelt administration on corporate leaders for its wartime agencies left U.S. corporations with the stain of government bureaucracy. e. Thin profits during the war years forced U.S. corporations to dramatically innovate for increased efficiency. ANS: C TOP: The Home Front DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 859 | Seagull p. 874 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 2. Examine the ways the United States mobilized economic resources and promoted popular support for the war effort.

Q: Freedom House was an organization that a. tried to end the war through peaceful means. b. aided Jews that wanted to escape Europe. c. wanted to avoid U.S. involvement in the war at all cost. d. described the war as an ideological struggle. e. promoted civil rights among blacks. ANS: D TOP: Fighting World War II DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 856 | Seagull p. 868 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Explain the steps that led to American participation in World War II.

Q: The Four Freedoms a. were considered by President Roosevelt as essential human freedoms. b. represented all that was wrong with the world. c. defended American neutrality during World War II. d. included freedom of contract. e. referred to World War I events. ANS: A TOP: Introduction DIF: Easy REF: Full p. 851 | Seagull p. 861 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 1. Explain the steps that led to American participation in World War II.

Q: Which statement about the Pearl Harbor attack is true? a. Franklin Roosevelt knew the details of the Pearl Harbor attack well in advance of its occurrence. b. It was a surprise attack by the Japanese. c. It was launched after an agreement was struck between the Japanese and Germans. d. The United States did everything in its power to try to prevent this attack. e. Japanese-Americans set off explosives on U.S. naval vessels. ANS: B TOP: Fighting World War II DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 852 | Seagull p. 868 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 1. Explain the steps that led to American participation in World War II.

Q: Growth in the South and West during World War II was sparked by a. the technology industry. b. tranquility. c. agricultural expansion. d. road construction. e. military industrial growth. ANS: E TOP: Introduction DIF: Easy REF: Full p. 851 | Seagull p. 862 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 1. Explain the steps that led to American participation in World War II.

Q: President Roosevelt approached foreign relations with Latin America differently from previous administrations. In which way was his approach different? a. He preferred to establish cultural relations. b. He formed puppet governments in all Central and South American countries. c. He intended to conquer the region. d. He cut all ties with the region. e. He sent undercover agents to spy on Latin American leaders. ANS: A TOP: Fighting World War II DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 852853 | Seagull 864865 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Explain the steps that led to American participation in World War II.

Q: In 1940, the cash and carry plan a. allowed Great Britain to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis. b. allowed Germany to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis. c. allowed Japan to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis. d. allowed all belligerents to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis. e. was voted down by Congress. ANS: A TOP: Fighting World War II DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 851 | Seagull p. 867 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Explain the steps that led to American participation in World War II.

Q: What led England and France to declare war on Germany, marking the start of World War II? a. Hitler rounded up European Jews and put them in camps. b. Germany invaded the Soviet Union. c. After gaining the Sudetenland through an agreement, Germany then took the rest of Czechoslovakia. d. Germany invaded Poland, a country Britain and France had promised to protect. e. Germany invaded Austria, the place of Hitlers birth. ANS: D TOP: Fighting World War II DIF: Easy REF: Full p. 851 | Seagull p. 867 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Explain the steps that led to American participation in World War II.

Q: Men like Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and Father Coughlin were members of the a. America Now! committee, an interventionist group. b. Anti-Semitism Society, a group that blamed Jews for the war. c. America First committee, an isolationist group. d. Lend-Lease League, a group that supported technology for the war. e. Free Paris Society, a group that advocated the liberation of Paris. ANS: C TOP: Fighting World War II DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 851 | Seagull p. 867 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Explain the steps that led to American participation in World War II.

Q: What was the goal of the policy of appeasement? a. to give Hitler territory b. to ensure a democratic Spain c. to punish Germany d. to avoid another conflict like World War I e. to recognize Benito Mussolini as the leader of Italy ANS: D TOP: Fighting World War II DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 850 | Seagull pp. 865866 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 1. Explain the steps that led to American participation in World War II.

Q: Why did Franklin D. Roosevelt announce his candidacy for a third term in 1940? a. He feared that the Republican incumbent, Wendell Willkie, lacked the experience to govern the nation. b. He argued that the nation should not switch its executive leadership in the middle of war. c. He argued that the recovery was too fragile and the international situation too dangerous for him to leave his post. d. He argued that the United States could only defeat the dictators of Italy, Germany, and Japan if it follows a leader with similar authority and power. e. He did so reluctantly after recognizing that his eight years of leadership had failed to produce a viable successor in the Democratic Party. ANS: C TOP: Fighting World War II DIF: Difficult REF: Full pp. 851852 | Seagull p. 867 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 1. Explain the steps that led to American participation in World War II.