Q&A Hero

Q: Frederick Douglass declared, The work does not end with the abolition of slavery, but only begins. In a thoughtful essay, discuss what you foresee as the work that will need to be done to secure freedom and liberty for the ex-slaves. Is emancipation enough? Why or why not?

Q: Lincoln observed in 1864 that we all declare for liberty but in using the same word we do not all mean the same thing. He continued to explain what the North meant and what the South meant, and how victory meant a national norm as defined by the North. Illustrate how liberty would come to be understood for the nation after the Civil War and analyze whether the abolishment of slavery was enough to propel the United States to finally exist as its founding documents suggested it should.

Q: Discuss and compare the dress rehearsals for Reconstruction in South Carolina, Louisiana, and Mississippi from a civil rights and economic perspective. Analyze Lincolns initial plans for restoring the Union.

Q: The example of German immigrant Marcus Spiegel demonstrated that a. freedom motivated the immigration of Irish immigrants, but pursuit of economic success motivated German immigrants. b. the significant Jewish population in the United States was ambivalent about the issues that caused the Civil War. c. the views of average Americans evolved considerably during the course of the Civil War. d. Democrats were unwilling to go to war with a Republican president in the White House. e. while Jews were few in number, their role at the Battle of Gettysburg made military heroes of many of them.

Q: What is one reason the Civil War is often called the first modern war? a. Industrial technology had created deadlier weapons. b. Casualties were lower than previous wars due to more precise weaponry. c. International law prevented mistreatment of prisoners of war. d. There was no draft. e. Modern medical technology prevented disease and deaths from injuries.

Q: The Sea Islands Experiment demonstrated how ex-slaves could be gainfully employed, educated, and well provided for.

Q: In Lincolns Ten-Percent Plan, blacks played a prominent role in Reconstruction.

Q: The Wade-Davis Bill was the Democrats proposed Reconstruction plan.

Q: What did the Union soldiers believe they were fighting for? What did the Confederate soldiers believe they were fighting for?

Q: What was the basic premise of the Confederate government? What advantages did the Confederacy have, and why did its leaders think victory would be theirs?

Q: The New York City draft riots, begun as an attempt to resist the draft, turned into an assault on the citys black population.

Q: King Cotton diplomacy was intended to promote economic self-sufficiency in the South and force England to intervene on the side of the Confederacy.

Q: Desertion was a major problem in the Union army, but occurred only occasionally in the Confederate army.

Q: In a few instances, people loyal to the Union were executed as traitors in the Confederacy.

Q: Remaining loyal to the Union was a dangerous stance in the Confederate South, as Georgia in 1861 passed a law making this act punishable by death.

Q: By the third year of the Civil War, the Union had achieved great victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg.

Q: Major General George Pickett led a charge, aptly known as Picketts Charge, during the Second Battle at Bull Run.

Q: George McClellan ran for president in 1864, pledging to end the Civil War.

Q: During the Civil War, the North and the South both presented their cause as a fight for freedom and liberty.

Q: Black Union soldiers captured by the Confederates faced sale into slavery or immediate execution.

Q: Both the Confederacy and the Union violated their citizens civil liberties during the war.

Q: With the Union victory at Glorieta Pass, the Confederate attempt at extending slavery west of Texas ended.

Q: During the Civil War, all Navajo men were forced to fight for the Union army.

Q: During the Civil War, the types of work that were considered appropriate for women expanded.

Q: Lincoln raised the money to pay for the war mostly through an income tax.

Q: The provision of the Union draft law allowing individuals to provide a substitute or buy their way out of the army caused widespread indignation.

Q: Since Robert E. Lees army did not retreat, the North could not claim Antietam as a victory.

Q: Lincolns primary purpose in raising troops in 1861 to put down the southern rebellion was to restore the Union.

Q: In the early days of the war, northern military commanders returned fugitive slaves to their owners.

Q: The Emancipation Proclamation represented a turning point in Lincolns own thinking.

Q: Fewer than 50,000 blacks served in the Union army during the war.

Q: Historians refer to the Civil War as the Second American Revolution because it resulted in the creation of a new Bill of Rights.

Q: How did Frederick Douglass describe the abolition of slavery? a. as the beginning of a new task for the nation b. as the crowning achievement of his life c. as an indication that white people were just and good-hearted d. as confirmation that Lincoln was a savior to the nation e. as a precursor to the establishment of separate states for freed slaves

Q: Besides ending slavery, the Civil War had what result? a. The government ignored the rights of African-Americans. b. It increased the power of small landowning farmers and shopkeepers. c. It shifted power from slave-owning planters to northern capitalists. d. It greatly expanded the powers of the presidency. e. It weakened the power of the federal government.

Q: Colonel John Chivington is remembered for a. becoming a martyr when tortured and killed by Sioux warriors. b. leading the cavalry charge that turned back a Confederate assault at Shiloh. c. his refusal to surrender his Confederate troops until weeks after Lees final surrender. d. organizing a band of pro-Union Creek Indians who fought bravely at Vicksburg. e. leading an attack that killed perhaps 150 Indian men, women, and children.

Q: ___ 1. Ulysses S. Grant ___ 2. Jefferson Davis ___ 3. Thaddeus Stevens ___ 4. George McClellan ___ 5. Robert E. Lee ___ 6. Abraham Lincoln ___ 7. Elizabeth Van Lew ___ 8. John Fr mont ___ 9. Laura Towne ___ 10. William T. Sherman ___ 11. Clara Barton ___ 12. Alexander Stephens a. 1864 Democratic presidential candidate b. challenged Lincoln for the 1864 Republican nomination c. vice president of the Confederacy d. American National Red Cross e. southern spy for the Union f. president of the Confederacy g. Radical Republican from Pennsylvania h. practiced a war of attrition i. surrendered to General Grant j. favored a Ten-Percent Plan of Reconstruction k. teacher on the Sea Islands l. marched through the South

Q: ___ 1. Navajos Long Walk ___ 2. Bull Run ___ 3. Copperheads ___ 4. King Cotton diplomacy ___ 5. Antietam ___ 6. Emancipation Proclamation ___ 7. contrabands ___ 8. Appomattox ___ 9. Picketts Charge ___ 10. Confederate capital ___ 11. Crittenden Compromise ___ 12. Negro paradise a. escaped slaves b. deadliest day in American history c. Richmond d. Union commitment to not interfere with slavery e. surrender of the Confederacy f. relied on British support g. Gettysburg h. another Trail of Tears i. freed slaves j. spectators came to watch k. northern opponents of the war l. established by Grant

Q: The start of the Civil War inspired patriotic feelings in both the Union and the Confederacy.

Q: Medical knowledge had made great strides in the first half of the nineteenth century; thus, few soldiers died from wounds, infections, or diseases during the Civil War.

Q: A day after a battle, many Americans were able to read about it in their daily newspaper.

Q: The Union naval blockade was very effective early in the war.

Q: General Sherman marched from Atlanta to the sea in order to a. link up with Grants army. b. engage Lee in battle. c. demoralize the Souths civilian population. d. secure Richmond for the Union. e. free Union prisoners at Andersonville.

Q: Abraham Lincoln realized that his armies had to capture the Confederate capital, Richmond, in order to win the war.

Q: The Thirteenth Amendment a. abolished slavery throughout the United States. b. was strongly supported by Democrats in 1864. c. set up a gradual plan of emancipation. d. defined U.S. citizenship to include African-Americans. e. specifically gave black men the right to vote.

Q: Lincolns second inaugural address a. blamed the South for the war. b. described the Civil War as divine punishment. c. blamed the North for the war. d. proved to be his final speech. e. called for black suffrage.

Q: The Thirteenth Amendment a. introduced the word slavery into the Constitution. b. was ratified by the states in January 1865. c. granted women the right to vote. d. was opposed by the Radical Republicans. e. abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States, with no exceptions.

Q: President Abraham Lincoln a. lived to see the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution. b. still opposed all voting rights for African-Americans at the time of his assassination. c. was unwilling to change or expand his views on slavery and race over the course of his presidency. d. called for, in his second inaugural address in March 1865, retribution against the South for its sins of slavery and war. e. suggested, in his second inaugural address in March 1865, that the whole nation was complicit in the sin of slavery.

Q: In his last speech, Lincoln said what regarding postwar policy? a. Democracy demanded that African-Americans should play leading roles in southern politics. b. Southern whites would never concede defeat, so Reconstruction must be mild. c. He would defer to Radical Republicans in Congress. d. There should be at least limited black suffrage. e. Large southern planters should be made to pay dearly for having caused the war.

Q: How was Ulysses Grant received in Europe during his tour in the 1870s? a. He was regarded as a mediocre military leader. b. He was praised as a Hero of Freedom. c. He was heralded as greater than Lincoln. d. He was criticized widely for his war of attrition. e. He was booed by workers as a capitalist tool.

Q: What separated Grant from the other Union generals who commanded the Army of the Potomac? a. Grant was the only one who went to the U.S. Military Academy. b. The other generals were or had been slaveholders. c. Grant was willing to wage a war of attrition. d. The other generals had more respect and trust from Abraham Lincoln. e. Grant was not as aggressive on the battlefield as the other commanders.

Q: Which was demonstrated by the Sea Islands Experiment and other early trials with Reconstruction? a. The primary goal of former slaves was education. b. Most former slaves wanted to own their own land. c. Former slaves were grateful to work under contract for pay, even if the wages were low. d. Few former slaves chose to stay in the South. e. Former slaves had little interest in participating in politics.

Q: The Sea Islands Experiment refers to a. northern reformers efforts to assist former slaves with the transition to freedom. b. the Confederacys trial use of slaves as soldiers along the South Carolina coast. c. a U.S. government plan to introduce advanced technology to southern farming in order to decrease the need for slaves. d. the unsuccessful effort of General Ulysses Grant to allow former slaves to run their own farms in Mississippi. e. the code name for the Confederate navys submarine-building program.

Q: The Sea Islands Experiment a. resulted in the federal government distributing the land on the islands among the 10,000 formerly enslaved people who lived there. b. was deemed a failure by 1865 because it made no provision for the education of formerly enslaved residents. c. was kept secret from the American public. d. centered on formerly enslaved families working for wages on land owned by northern investors. e. was deemed a failure by 1865 because black families housing and food quality had declined.

Q: After the capture of Vicksburg, the Union army established a labor system in Louisiana and the Mississippi Valley that a. plantation owners were satisfied with, but formerly enslaved people were not. b. formerly enslaved people were satisfied with, but plantation owners were not. c. established the basis for economic independence for black families through landownership. d. required emancipated slaves sign labor contracts for paid wages with white plantation owners. e. made no provision for black workers to obtain education or protection from violence and family separation.

Q: In the middle of the war, what did Lincoln hope to accomplish with his Ten-Percent Plan of Reconstruction? a. He wanted to weaken the cause of the radical abolitionists. b. He wanted rich slaveowners to pay 10 percent of their family wealth to the federal government in return for amnesty. c. He hoped 10 percent of the southern slaves would be freed automatically in all the Confederate states. d. He sought to expand slavery in Mississippi and lessen it in Missouri. e. He wanted to weaken the Confederacy and shorten the war.

Q: Lincolns Ten-Percent Plan of Reconstruction a. guaranteed that blacks would hold at least 10 percent of the seats in Congress. b. offered amnesty and full restoration of property rights (except property in slaves) to white southerners who took an oath of loyalty to the Union and supported emancipation. c. was supported by most free blacks in New Orleans. d. was supported by most Radical Republicans. e. guaranteed that black southerners would have a role in shaping the post-slavery order.

Q: The Wade-Davis Bill in 1864 a. received strong support from congressional Democrats but not from Republicans. b. called for at least two-thirds of a southern states voters to take a loyalty oath. c. showed Radical Republicans frustration with Lincolns Reconstruction plan. d. was the model for Lincolns later Ten-Percent Plan. e. failed to receive sufficient votes in the Senate and therefore died.

Q: The Wade-Davis Bill a. called for implementing Lincolns Ten-Percent Plan. b. would establish the right to vote for black men. c. would guarantee equality before the law for African-Americans. d. was supported by Lincoln. e. became law in 1863.

Q: In the May and June 1864 battles in Virginia (between the armies of Grant and Lee) a. the Union army was forced to retreat down the peninsula in defeat. b. Lees brutality earned him the nickname the Butcher. c. the Confederates launched the heroic but unsuccessful Picketts Charge. d. the Union army, despite high casualties, pressed forward in its campaign. e. Grants men decisively defeated Lees army, which forced the evacuation of Richmond.

Q: The Unions manpower advantage over the Confederacy a. was short-lived once the Confederacy began using slaves as soldiers. b. proved essential for the success of Grants attrition strategy. c. was rather slight. d. although substantial, did not matter in determining the wars outcome. e. existed only because the Union had lower draft requirements than the Confederacy.

Q: Which September 1864 event helped Lincoln win reelection as president that November? a. Lees surrender at Appomattox Court House b. the Confederate surrender of Savannah c. Grants victory at Vicksburg d. McClellans rout of the Confederates at Seven Pines e. Shermans capture of Atlanta

Q: King Cotton diplomacy led Great Britain to a. find new supplies of cotton outside the South. b. recognize the independence of the Confederate States of America. c. repudiate the Emancipation Proclamation. d. use its warships to break the Union blockade. e. stage multiple raids from Canada into the Upper Northwest.

Q: What was ironic about the Confederate government? a. This new centralized government became stronger than the national government had been before the war. b. The leadership found little need for slaves doing fieldwork during the war. c. The Confederacy openly encouraged other countries to grow cotton. d. Jefferson Davis led troops into battle. e. The government wanted to end slavery in the Caribbean and then bring those slaves to the South.

Q: Which industry declined during the Civil War? a. iron b. coal c. cotton d. boots and shoes e. meat

Q: King Cotton diplomacy resulted in a. a steep increase in wartime cotton production in the Confederacy. b. Britain supporting the Confederacy in the Civil War. c. postwar impoverishment of cotton farmers around the world. d. a sustained global shortage of cotton because no other nations could produce it. e. a global increase in cotton prices for several decades.

Q: Which statement is true about the Confederacy? a. At the beginning of the war, a majority of white southerners opposed the Confederate cause. b. As the war progressed, a significant number of yeoman families suffered financially. c. Planters began to feel they were unfairly shouldering the financial burdens of the war. d. The Confederate draft had no allowance for paying for a substitute. e. The Confederacy levied heavy taxes on elite planters.

Q: What caused economic problems for the Confederacy? a. within the first year of the war, a majority of slaves refusing to do work b. the abundance of food and cotton creating a buyers market c. the issuing of paper money d. an influx of immigrants creating high unemployment e. heavy taxing of large plantation owners

Q: How did southern women respond to food shortages during the Civil War? a. Many abandoned their family farms and fled to the cities. b. A small number planted, harvested, and sold their crops through all-female cooperatives. c. They petitioned the government in large numbers for relief. d. Some forced their slaves to steal food from army storehouses. e. Many defected to the North where food was more plentiful.

Q: Rose Greenhow a. was president of the American National Red Cross. b. worked as a nurse in the Union army. c. was a Confederate spy in Washington, D.C. d. was a Union soldier who hid her gender from the troops. e. was a slave under the Emancipation Proclamation.

Q: Which is true of slaves and the Confederate army? a. Robert E. Lee had petitioned for slaves to serve as soldiers at the outset of the war. b. The majority of slaves willingly fought alongside their masters. c. The Confederate government never authorized enlisting slaves as soldiers. d. Numerous slaves worked as laborers for the Confederate military throughout the war. e. Most slaveholders supported their slaves serving as soldiers for the Confederacy.

Q: Which of the following could explain why Robert E. Lee invaded the North in 1863? a. He hoped to liberate Confederate soldiers in a prisoner-of-war camp in Pennsylvania. b. He wanted to destroy northern factories that were producing weapons. c. He wanted revenge for Stonewall Jacksons death. d. He hoped to destroy the railroad junction at Gettysburg. e. He hoped to destroy the morale of the Union army.

Q: Which is the largest battle ever fought on the North American continent? a. Battle of Gettysburg b. Battle of Antietam c. Battle of Vicksburg d. First Battle of Bull Run e. Battle of Shiloh

Q: In July 1863, the Union won two key victories that are often identified as turning points in the war. These victories occurred at a. Wilmington, North Carolina, and New Orleans, Louisiana. b. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and Vicksburg, Mississippi. c. Lexington, Kentucky, and Charleston, South Carolina. d. Antietam Creek, Maryland, and Appomattox Court House, Virginia. e. Fort Donelson, Tennessee, and Cold Harbor, Virginia.

Q: Why was Vicksburg essential? a. Capturing the city allowed the Union to control the entire Mississippi River. b. Stonewall Jackson lost his life there. c. It served as a gateway to the Appalachian Mountains. d. Before the Civil War, the port in this city had shipped more cotton than any other. e. It guarded the Gulf of Mexico.

Q: Captains of industry like steel magnate Andrew Carnegie and oil man John D. Rockefeller a. began creating or consolidating their fortunes during the Civil War. b. benefited after the war from the respect their military service earned for them. c. became important advisers to President Lincoln. d. voluntarily provided important resources to the war effort. e. made millions bilking southerners who were buying war bonds.

Q: What was a result of the expanding Union economy? a. The government borrowed great amounts of money from overseas. b. The protective tariff decreased, bringing with it free trade. c. The size and spending of the government increased tremendously. d. The Union could buy the freedom of many slaves in the Confederacy. e. Factory jobs decreased as professional jobs increased.

Q: During the Civil War, northern white women a. staged bread riots in major cities to protest food shortages. b. began obtaining jobs as government clerks. c. were recruited to sell war bonds door-to-door. d. were allowed to accompany their husbands into battle if they did not have children. e. demonstrated outside the White House in favor of the Emancipation Proclamation.

Q: During the Civil War, northern women a. campaigned more vigorously for womens suffrage than ever before. b. found new permanent places in the fields of nursing, government, and retail sales. c. were replaced by men in the field of nursing. d. were not allowed to work in factories. e. were granted the right to vote by Congress.

Q: How does Thomas Drayton depict the Confederate cause in his letter of April 1861? a. as the enactment of Gods plan for America b. as a step toward the creation of two separate but equal nations in America c. as a battle for the liberty of white Southerners d. as a defensive war against Northern aggression e. as a defense of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights

Q: Which aspect of the Civil War does Thomas Draytons letter of April 1861 illustrate? a. Both the North and the South believed that God was on their side. b. The Civil War split families, with brother sometimes fighting against brother. c. Slaves felt that the war was being fought for their freedom from the start. d. The Confederacy held the advantage of fighting a defensive war. e. The leadership of Robert E. Lee was an essential strength for the Confederacy.