Q&A Hero

Q: Why did slavery become more central to American politics in the 1840s? a. The Methodist Church, the nations largest denomination, called on all its members to free their slaves. b. Territorial expansion raised the question of whether new lands should be free or slave. c. Members of the abolitionist Republican Party, formed in 1844, insisted on debating slavery. d. President John Tylers antislavery policies caused a major proslavery backlash led by John C. Calhoun. e. As the 1848 constitutional deadline for ending the African slave trade drew near, Americans became obsessed with slavery.

Q: President Martin Van Buren rejected adding Texas to the United States because a. the Texas Republics congress opposed joining the United States, preferring to stay independent. b. the Mexican armys resounding victory at the Alamo made him fearful of antagonizing a powerful government. c. the population of Texas was too small to justify it. d. Henry Clay wanted to add it and, as the Whig leader, he was Van Burens sworn enemy. e. the presence of slaves there would reignite the issue of slavery, and he preferred to avoid it.

Q: When Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821, a. it was much smaller in area than the United States at the time. b. California became a major American trading partner within half a decade. c. it was nearly as large as the United States with only two-thirds of the population. d. its leaders founded new missions in California to ensure continued Catholic power. e. Americans immediately began settling in California in large numbers.

Q: With his abolitionist writings, David Walker employed both secular and religious language.

Q: In 1821, the opening of the Santa Fe Trail between Santa Fe and ________ led to a reorientation of New Mexicos commerce from the rest of Mexico to the United States. a. Houston, Texas, b. San Diego, California, c. New Orleans, Louisiana, d. Omaha, Nebraska, e. Independence, Missouri,

Q: What enabled the Californios to establish large cattle ranches in California? a. the collapse of native populations due to epidemic disease b. the American victory in the Mexican War c. the creation of railroad lines linking California and Chicago d. the dissolution of mission landholdings by the Mexican government e. the affordability of black slaves in Mexico-controlled California

Q: The term Californios referred in the 1830s and 1840s to ________ in California. a. Mexican cattle ranchers b. the Indian inhabitants c. U.S.-born immigrants d. any individual e. American merchants

Q: Why did Mississippi politician Jefferson Davis object in the 1850s to the original design of the Statue of Freedom that now adorns the U.S. Capitol dome? a. He disliked the fact that the sculptor was a former slave, thus suggesting that blacks were as gifted as whites. b. The use of a soldier as the key figure made the nation appear too militaristic. c. It portrayed Freedom as a nude woman, which he saw as inappropriate. d. Its use of an ancient Roman liberty cap on Freedom raised a touchy matter about slaves longing for freedom. e. He believed using freedom in the statues name was a subtle attack on slave states, so he preferred using justice instead.

Q: Which is true of the Texas revolt? a. It resulted in the creation of the independent Republic of Texas. b. It was the first time that the U.S. Army fought on foreign soil. c. The battle for the Alamo was a surprising Mexican defeat. d. It consisted of sporadic but vicious battles between American and Tejano settlers. e. It was sparked by the Mexican government seizing the slaves of American settlers.

Q: In the early 1840s, a large increase in the migration of American settlers west of the Mississippi River was sparked by a. the abolition of slavery in the Deep South. b. Indian tribes regaining land east of the Mississippi River. c. the economic depression that began in 1837. d. a widespread rejection of the concept of manifest destiny. e. Mexicos sale of California to the United States in 1840.

Q: What was a source of conflict between the Mexican government and American settlers in Texas in the 1820s and 1830s? a. Mexico had abolished slavery, but many American settlers were practicing slavery in Texas. b. The number of Tejanos in Texas was increasing faster than the number of American settlers. c. The settlers were abolitionists, but Mexico legalized slavery. d. Mexico would not allow American settlers to become Mexican citizens. e. Mexico forced American settlers to convert to Catholicism.

Q: Between 1840 and 1845, how did most emigrants travel to new lands in Oregon? a. They used wagon trains. b. They rode in coal-powered trains. c. They traveled entirely on foot. d. They traveled on horseback. e. They used riverboats.

Q: Although it was an exciting miniature university, the transcendentalists Brook Farm community failed in part because many of the intellectuals who participated disliked farm labor.

Q: Relocating to the colony of Liberia was a dream of most free blacks in the 1820s and 1830s.

Q: Owen promoted communitarianism so that workers received the full value of their labor.

Q: By 1860, all but two states had established tax-supported school systems for their children.

Q: Nineteenth-century institutions such as poorhouses and insane asylums were grounded in a perfectionist ideal.

Q: English writer Harriet Martineau criticized the idea of sending ex-slaves to another country or kingdom.

Q: The American Temperance Society directed its efforts at the drunkards but not the occasional drinker.

Q: To members of the Norths emerging middle-class culture, reform became a badge of respectability.

Q: Residents of the Utopian community in Oneida, New York, practiced celibacy.

Q: In general, Catholics supported the temperance movement.

Q: The antebellum utopian communities were largely located in the Upper South.

Q: The Shakers believed God had a dual personality, both male and female.

Q: The question of slavery dominated public life in America from the time of the Revolution until the Civil War.

Q: Brook Farm was one of the longest-lasting utopian communities of the nineteenth century.

Q: Institutions like jails, mental hospitals, and public schools were inspired by the conviction that those who passed through their doors could eventually be released to become productive, self-disciplined citizens.

Q: Catherine Beecher believed that a. women needed to use militant tactics to obtain equal rights. b. heaven had designated men superior and women as subordinate. c. women should not try to influence mens positions on issues in any way. d. only men should be teachers. e. women should petition Congress directly to enact change.

Q: The antislavery poet John Greenleaf Whittier compared reformer Abby Kelley to a. Helen of Troy, who sowed the seeds of male destruction. b. an Amazon, a mighty female warrior of Greek mythology. c. Queen Elizabeth, who had ruled the British empire with such skill. d. Molly Pitcher, the patriotic heroine of the American Revolution. e. Joan of Arc, who led the armies of France into battle.

Q: What prompted the debate between Catherine Beecher and the Grimk sisters? a. Beecher did not like the idea of women taking a lead role in the abolition movement. b. Beecher was proslavery and wanted to extend slavery. c. The Grimk s thought the abolitionist movement was too radical. d. The Grimk s did not like Beechers father, Lyman, who was a minister. e. Frederick Douglass did not support womens rights, which angered the Grimk s.

Q: What was the greatest accomplishment of the abolitionists by 1840? a. getting all slaves freed b. helping free, on average, 5,000 slaves a year c. getting Abraham Lincoln elected president d. making slavery a prominent topic of conversation e. gaining the right to vote for women

Q: According to Catharine Beecher, how were women supposed to influence people on an issue? a. work diligently b. get a college education c. demonstrate peace and love d. learn how to shoot a gun e. show the best way to do domestic duties

Q: The __________ was established in hopes of making abolitionism a political movement. a. Liberty Party b. Whig Party c. North Star Party d. Republican Party e. Afro-American Party

Q: Which view of gender does Beecher describe in An Essay on Slavery and Abolitionism? a. Men and women are equals in the eyes of God. b. Men and women do and should occupy separate spheres. c. Men are actually the more dependent gender. d. Men would be better abolitionists if they adopted feminine tools. e. Slavery is a product of male society and would not exist if women were in leadership roles.

Q: ___ 1. Dorothea Dix ___ 2. Sarah Grimk ___ 3. William Lloyd Garrison ___ 4. Elijah Lovejoy ___ 5. Horace Mann ___ 6. David Walker ___ 7. Elizabeth Cady Stanton ___ 8. Theodore Weld ___ 9. Robert Owen ___ 10. Harriet Beecher Stowe ___ 11. Margaret Fuller ___ 12. Catharine Beecher a. equated slavery with sin b. The Liberator c. Uncle Toms Cabin d. accepted men as the superior e. organized the Seneca Falls Convention f. advocate for the mentally ill g. leading educational reformer h. An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World i. editor and martyr of the abolitionist movement j. Letters on the Equality of the Sexes k. New Harmony l. Woman in the Nineteenth Century

Q: How did men react to the bloomer fashion in the 1850s? a. The paid little notice to womens apparel. b. They thought it was ridiculous. c. They criticized it as dangerously provocative. d. They praised its functionality. e. They advocated that both men and women should be wearing this apparel.

Q: The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 a. established equal rights as the basis of the early womens rights movement. b. was a gathering of mostly working-class women. c. focused entirely on the issue of womens suffrage. d. opposed the right to vote for women. e. affirmed the cult of domesticity.

Q: ___ 1. burned-over districts ___ 2. gag rule ___ 3. common schools ___ 4. temperance ___ 5. the Liberty Party ___ 6. Brook Farm ___ 7. Declaration of Sentiments ___ 8. bloomer costume ___ 9. American Colonization Society ___ 10. Washingtonian Society ___ 11. utopian ___ 12. Freedoms Journal a. made abolition a political movement b. group of reformed drinkers c. Seneca Falls Convention d. New England transcendentalists e. advocated blacks returning to Africa f. tax-supported public schools g. a vision for a perfect society h. area of intensive revivals in New York and Ohio i. preventing antislavery petitions to be heard in Congress j. feminist style of dress k. first U.S. black newspaper l. movement against alcohol

Q: How did Margaret Fuller demonstrate that women could be leaders? a. She headed the Brook Farm commune. b. She presided over the convention at Seneca Falls. c. She was elected to the state house. d. She edited the New York Tribune. e. She lived in Italy.

Q: What was the purpose of the bloomer? a. It was designed to make single women more physically attractive. b. It was functional clothing that made work less restrictive. c. It was made for stage performances in New York. d. It was military garb for Union soldiers. e. It was clothing for religious ceremonies.

Q: By saying all humans are moral beings, Angelina Grimk was in a way extending what concept? a. John Winthrops concept of Massachusetts as a city on a hill b. the Second Great Awakening idea that people had to choose whether they wanted salvation c. John Lockes idea that all men had natural rights d. Thomas Jeffersons concept that the United States was an empire of liberty e. Thomas Paines belief that the American colonies could win their independence

Q: Which state enacted a far-reaching law allowing married women to sign contracts and buy and sell property? a. New Jersey b. Massachusetts c. Vermont d. Pennsylvania e. New York

Q: What is the focus of Angelia Grimkes letter in The Liberator of August 2, 1837? a. the economic rights of women b. the political rights of women c. reproductive freedom d. the social roles of men and women e. domestic abuse

Q: The organized abolitionist movement split into two wings in 1840, largely over a. whether to nominate William Lloyd Garrison or James G. Birney as the antislavery presidential candidate. b. the question of abolitionists taking a public stand on the controversial gag rule. c. whether African-Americans should be allowed to speak at mixed-race public events. d. a dispute concerning the proper role of women in antislavery work. e. disagreements concerning the endorsement of colonization.

Q: Frederick Douglass wrote, When the true history of the antislavery cause shall be written, __________ will occupy a large space in its pages. a. newspaper editors b. black abolitionists c. freed slaves d. white abolitionists e. women

Q: The first to apply the abolitionist doctrine of universal freedom and equality to the status of women a. were the Grimk sisters. b. was Frederick Douglass. c. was Susan B. Anthony. d. were Henry Stanton and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. e. was James G. Birney.

Q: Which statement is true regarding women in the abolition movement? a. Most women abolitionists were atheists. b. All abolitionists supported the right of women abolitionists to speak in public. c. Much of the abolition movements grassroots strength derived from northern women. d. Women abolitionists were rarely involved in other reform movements. e. Most women abolitionists were from southern states.

Q: Which feminist expressed the idea that women and men should have equal opportunities to achieve self-fulfillment? a. Elizabeth Cady Stanton b. Lucretia Mott c. Sarah Grimk d. Dorothea Dix e. Margaret Fuller

Q: Dorothea Dix devoted much time to the crusade for the a. immediate abolition of slavery. b. establishment of common schools in the South. c. better treatment of convicted criminals in jail. d. construction of humane mental hospitals for the insane. e. right for women to vote in local school elections.

Q: What contribution did Sojourner Truth make to the womens rights movement? a. She organized the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848. b. She urged a focus on the plight of poor and working-class women. c. She was the first American woman to lecture to mixed male and female audiences. d. She publicly chastised prominent men who visited prostitutes. e. She participated in the movement against Indian removal.

Q: The Seneca Falls Conventions Declaration of Sentiments was modeled after a. the Declaration of Independence. b. the U.S. Constitution. c. Woman of the Nineteenth Century. d. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. e. Letters on the Equality of the Sexes.

Q: The gag rule a. stated that newspapers could not print antislavery materials. b. prevented Congress from hearing antislavery petitions. c. denied women the right to speak in mixed-sex public gatherings. d. prevented Congregational ministers from preaching against Catholics. e. was adopted at the Seneca Falls Convention to symbolize that women did not have a voice in politics.

Q: To whom can the following quotation be attributed? I know nothing of mens rights and womens rights. My doctrine, then is, that whatever it is morally right for man to do, it is morally right for woman to do. a. Catherine Beecher b. Susan B. Anthony c. Frances Wright d. Angelina Grimk e. Maria Stewart

Q: The House of Representatives gag rule of 1836 a. sought to silence proslavery congressmen so that abolitionist petitions could be read. b. convinced many northerners that slavery was incompatible with the democratic liberties of white Americans. c. prohibited the consideration of proslavery petitions. d. is still in effect today. e. was authored by former president John Quincy Adams.

Q: What does the Declaration of Sentiments accuse men of? a. treating women as slaves b. treating women as children c. applying moral standards to women that they dont follow themselves d. refusing to share their lives fully with their wives e. seeking to keep women dependent on men

Q: Who in Congress worked tirelessly to end the gag rule? a. Andrew Jackson b. William Lloyd Garrison c. Henry Clay d. Abraham Lincoln e. John Quincy Adams

Q: The Seneca Falls Conventions Declaration of Sentiments a. did not demand voting rights for women because the participants were so divided on that issue. b. was modeled on the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution. c. was written primarily by the Grimk sisters. d. condemned the entire structure of inequality between men and women. e. inspired Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton to become abolitionists.

Q: The death of Elijah Lovejoy in 1837 a. convinced many northerners that slavery was incompatible with white Americans liberties. b. resulted from his leading an anti-abolitionist mob that attacked William Lloyd Garrison. c. demonstrated that fugitive slaves like Lovejoy faced great dangers while escaping from slave catchers. d. was played up by temperance pamphleteers to show the hazards of alcoholism. e. led Congress to adopt the gag rule to prevent the sort of heated arguments that caused his death.

Q: The Declaration of Sentiments states, He closes against her all the avenues to wealth and distinction which he considers most honorable to himself. Which of the following is an example of this claim? a. A woman could not work as a lawyer while a man could. b. Women were considered to be responsible for the attractiveness of the family home. c. A woman who committed adultery was ostracized more than a man who did this same act. d. Women had the primary responsibility for raising children. e. Women were expected to wear elaborate and restrictive clothing.

Q: The Declaration of Sentiments condemned the injuries and usurpations of a. the Oneida community. b. drunkenness. c. the market economy. d. men against women. e. slave owners.

Q: Angelina and Sarah Grimk a. supported Catharine Beechers efforts to expand political and social rights for women. b. critiqued the prevailing notion of separate spheres for men and women. c. were Pennsylvania-born Quakers whose religion compelled them to oppose slavery. d. publicly defended the virtues of southern paternalism in lectures to southern women. e. delivered many public lectures in which they detailed their escape from slavery.

Q: Who expressed the view that the U.S. Constitution did not protect slavery? a. Frederick Douglass b. William Lloyd Garrison c. Harriet Beecher Stowe d. Elijah Lovejoy e. John Quincy Adams

Q: What issue enabled abolitionists to expand the appeal of their arguments to those who may not have cared much about slavery? a. free speech b. economic growth c. womens rights d. states rights e. birthright citizenship

Q: What was the significance of the novel Uncle Toms Cabin? a. It used accounts from southern newspapers to condemn the practice of slavery. b. It retold the story of the American Revolution with a focus on black Americans. c. It was the first major novel authored by an ex-slave. d. It presented slaves and slave owners in equally sympathetic terms. e. It portrayed slaves as sympathetic and fully human characters.

Q: In his speech about the Fourth of July, how did Frederick Douglass critique the founding of the United States? a. There was no hope for the United States because many of the founders were slaveowners. b. The American Revolution was a good starting point for principles of freedom. c. Religion needed to play a more significant role in the starting of the United States. d. It was acceptable for Thomas Jefferson to be a slaveholder because he achieved many accomplishments. e. The three-fifths clause helped slaves.

Q: Which phrase best describes the abolitionists concept of freedom? a. The right to personal liberty is natural and absolute, regardless of race. b. Individuals should be free of control by any institutions, including government. c. Personal freedom derives from the ownership of productive property. d. Freedom requires that local communities have the right to govern themselves without outside interference. e. Social hierarchy is natural and elite rulers can best preserve a free society.

Q: How did Frederick Douglass characterize celebrating the Fourth of July? a. hypocritical b. honorable c. liberty-affirming d. heretical e. harmless

Q: Which of the following strategies did abolitionists use to counter the racism of their time? a. They argued against the pseudoscientific claim that blacks were inherently inferior. b. They performed the compositions of the ex-slave Henry Highland Garnet. c. They praised Haiti, the scene of the famous slave revolts of the 1790s and 1800s, as a model society. d. They campaigned to make January 1, the anniversary of the end of the international slave trade, a national holiday. e. They nominated Frederick Douglass for president in 1852.

Q: How did abolitionists portray those working in northern factories? a. as wage slaves b. as complicit in a slave-based economy c. as traitors to the ideal of liberty d. as the embodiment of freedom e. as potential abolitionists

Q: How did the abolitionists link themselves to the nations Revolutionary heritage? a. They seized on the preamble to the Declaration of Independence as an attack against slavery. b. They cracked the Liberty Bell to signify that the bonds of liberty were breaking under the weight of slavery. c. They used mob action, just as the revolutionaries had when they attacked such disagreeable measures as the Stamp Act. d. They reminded audiences constantly that the main issue the Sons of Liberty and similar groups had invoked was liberty. e. They made a heroic figure of Crispus Attucks, the African-American who died at the Boston Massacre.

Q: How did the crusade against slavery affect American understandings of citizenship? a. It led to state laws defining a citizen as white. b. It promoted the idea of birthright citizenship. c. It undermined the movement to decrease property qualifications for voting. d. It led to a violent debate in Congress regarding the citizenship of free blacks in the North. e. It created resentment toward immigrants seeking naturalization.

Q: The role of African-Americans in the abolitionist movement a. was limited to the writings and speeches of Frederick Douglass. b. included helping to finance William Lloyd Garrisons newspaper. c. showed that the movement was free from the racism that characterized American society. d. was limited because the American Anti-Slavery Society banned them from its board of directors. e. grew over time until, by the 1850s, the movement was dominated by blacks.

Q: Which is a tactic that free blacks used in the decades before the Civil War to press for citizenship rights? a. They created and ratified a symbolic constitution that outlawed slavery. b. They led boycotts of streetcar companies. c. They challenged discriminatory laws in court. d. The led marches through the streets of Washington, DC. e. They published letters to the editor in leading newspapers.

Q: Which statement is true about black abolitionists? a. Many formerly enslaved people published accounts of their lives in bondage, which together convinced thousands of northerners of the immorality of slavery. b. The American Anti-Slavery Society excluded black abolitionists entirely. c. White abolitionists shared key decision-making posts equally with black abolitionists. d. Black abolitionists celebrated the Fourth of July holiday in order to promote the idea that the United States represented the progress of freedom. e. Black abolitionists were a small minority of the subscribers to William Lloyd Garrisons journal The Liberator.

Q: How did the views of William Lloyd Garrison differ from those of Frederick Douglass? a. Garrison favored abolition but not equal rights for African-Americans. b. Douglass did not think women should play a role in abolitionism. c. Douglass urged ex-slaves to settle in African colonies. d. Garrison favored a gradual end to slavery. e. Garrison described the Constitution as an evil document.

Q: Which book was to some extent modeled on the autobiography of fugitive slave Josiah Henson? a. An Appeal to Reason b. Society in America c. Twelve Years a Slave d. Uncle Toms Cabin e. Slavery as It Is

Q: By 1860, what was true about common schools? a. Every state had established a tax-supported school system. b. Every southern state had established a tax-supported school system. c. Northern school systems received support from labor organizations, factory owners, and middle-class reformers. d. The common school system had collapsed due to opposition from parents. e. The common school system had collapsed due to competition from private schools.

Q: William Lloyd Garrison a. secretly financed Nat Turners Rebellion. b. began publishing his newspaper in Richmond, Virginia, in 1831, but moved it to friendlier territory two years later. c. attracted little support from fellow abolitionists, but historians have discovered his importance. d. suggested that the North dissolve the Union to free itself of any connection to slavery. e. published American Slavery as It Is, an influential pamphlet.

Q: Who wrote, I will not equivocateI will not excuse I will not retreat a single inchand I will be heard? a. Frederick Douglass b. Elizabeth Cady Stanton c. Margaret Fuller d. Horace Mann e. William Lloyd Garrison

Q: William Lloyd Garrison argued in Thoughts on African Colonization that a. blacks could never fully achieve equality in America and would be happier in Africa. b. because slaves were uneducated, it was necessary to educate them in America before sending them to Africa. c. blacks were not strangers in America to be shipped abroad but should be recognized as a permanent part of American society. d. colonization should be subsidized through a tax on cotton. e. because blacks had no political experience, Garrison himself ought to be appointed governor of the African colony.