Q&A Hero

Q: John C. Calhouns corrupt bargain gave John Quincy Adams the White House in 1824.

Q: The Twelfth Amendment provided the federal government with the legal authority to finance national roads and canals.

Q: The Second Bank of the United States was a private, profit-making corporation.

Q: Martin Van Buren believed that party politics was an important component in ensuring liberty for the American people.

Q: In todays United States, the Federal Reserve determines the amount of paper money to be issued.

Q: Andrew Jacksons vision of democracy excluded blacks but included Indians.

Q: Public support for the Bank of the United States increased significantly following its careful handling of the Panic of 1819.

Q: Andrew Jackson was Harvard educated but was able to portray himself to the American people as a common man.

Q: The Missouri Compromise debate illustrated that northern politicians did not want slavery to expand for primarily moral reasons.

Q: Some of the new Latin American nations allowed Indians and free blacks to vote.

Q: The Monroe Doctrine was a formal statement of Americas belief that it had a manifest destiny to expand across the North American continent.

Q: Women enjoyed an expansion of democracy for themselves during the 1830s and 1840s, as they were welcomed into the public sphere.

Q: Andrew Jackson was the only candidate in the 1824 election to have national appeal.

Q: A law passed in 1819 made it illegal for states to have different voting requirements for blacks and whites.

Q: Hard money in the 1830s referred to a. gold and silver, also called specie. b. wages paid to manual laborers. c. money backed by government guarantees. d. any money issued by a bank. e. highly inflated currency after the Panic of 1837.

Q: As president, John Tyler a. worked hard to enact the Whig economic program. b. proved so popular that he easily won the 1844 presidential election. c. vetoed a bill to create a new national bank, thus angering Whigs. d. engaged in a public feud with his vice president that led to the latters resignation. e. appointed Roger Taney to the office of chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.

Q: What triggered the Panic of 1837? a. the removal of Native Americans from the Southeast b. Martin Van Burens victory in the election of 1836 c. the protective tariff d. the Seminole War e. Jacksons war on the national bank

Q: ___ 1. Thomas Dorr ___ 2. Henry Clay ___ 3. John Calhoun ___ 4. Albert Gallatin ___ 5. James Tallmadge ___ 6. John Ross ___ 7. Daniel Webster ___ 8. John Quincy Adams ___ 9. Martin Van Buren ___ 10. Nicholas Biddle ___ 11. William Apess ___ 12. William Henry Harrison a. his proposal sparked the Missouri controversy b. Second Bank of the United States c. A Son of the Forest d. temporary Rhode Island governor e. log cabin candidate f. theorist behind nullification g. advocated a powerful federal government as president h. Jeffersons treasury secretary i. accused of making a corrupt bargain j. founder of the Democratic Party k. senator who denounced nullification as treasonous l. Cherokee resistance leader

Q: What was the significance of the publication A Son of the Forest? a. It was the first political biography designed to rally support for a presidential candidate. b. It was responsible for creating Jacksons image as a common man. c. It was the first significant autobiography written by a Native American. d. It was the first significant work of American environmental literature. e. Its glorification of the West revived lagging sales of federal land.

Q: The Panic of 1837 a. inspired a more vigorous labor movement in the decade that followed. b. led to a relatively mild economic downturn that resolved itself by 1839. c. was exclusively the product of Andrew Jacksons war on the national bank. d. was caused, in part, by a decline in British demand for American cotton. e. helped farmers, because the cost of transporting goods to markets fell.

Q: ___ 1. Missouri Compromise ___ 2. corrupt bargain ___ 3. McCulloch v. Maryland ___ 4. minstrels ___ 5. Whig Party ___ 6. American System ___ 7. Monroe Doctrine ___ 8. nonfreeholder ___ 9. penny press ___ 10. spoils system ___ 11. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia ___ 12. Trail of Tears a. held that the Bank of the United States was constitutional b. Americas diplomatic declaration of independence c. opposed Andrew Jackson d. election of 1824 e. performers in racist theatrical shows f. inexpensive newspapers g. getting a job based on party loyalty, not on merit h. called Indians wards of the federal government i. political program for economic development j. men who did not own enough property to vote k. Cherokee trek to Oklahoma l. maintained the balance of power between slave and free states

Q: By 1840, as a result of Indian removal, a. Indians had become a familiar presence to whites who lived east of the Mississippi. b. Indians disappeared from the trans-Mississippi West. c. the institution of slavery contracted. d. the racial definition of American nationhood and freedom was reinforced. e. cotton cultivation in the Deep South declined.

Q: What was President Martin Van Burens new solution to the problem of what to do about the federal governments relationship to banking? a. He called for federal money to be deposited in state-chartered banks known as pets. b. He proposed the creation of the Federal Reserve Bank, with branches in key cities. c. He created the Third Bank of the United States, but this time headed by a reliable Democrat. d. He set up a program of federal insurance on individual bank accounts to protect them in times of panic. e. He proposed that federal funds be controlled by government officials rather than by bankers.

Q: Most states that entered the Union after the original thirteen required ownership of property to vote.

Q: Who was the president of the Second Bank of the United States in 1832? a. Langdon Cheves b. Paul Volcker c. Henry Clay d. Nicholas Biddle e. Charles Winchester

Q: In the presidential election of 1840 a. the Whigs employed political tactics pioneered by Democrats. b. voter turnout dropped dramatically because no popular candidate like Jackson ran. c. the Democrats nominated three regional candidates, hoping to throw the election into the House of Representatives. d. the Democrats and Whigs both produced platforms that clearly laid out the parties positions on major public issues. e. the Whigs again nominated Henry Clay.

Q: The French writer Alexis de Tocqueville identified democracy as an essential attribute of American freedom.

Q: What was the primary reason Andrew Jackson opposed the Bank of the United States? a. He believed that the bank was a great equalizer, and therefore would anger his wealthy supporters. b. The bank was firmly behind using gold and silver, but Jackson believed the economy needed paper money to survive. c. He believed that no institution should possess such concentrated power and economic privilege, unaccountable to the people. d. The bank disproportionally benefited small farmers and laborers, a social class Andrew Jackson despised. e. The bank was pressuring him to run for another term in office, while Jackson wished to return to a simple life.

Q: Whose 1840 presidential campaign portrayed him as a common man who was born in a log cabin? a. Andrew Jackson b. William Henry Harrison c. Martin Van Buren d. John Quincy Adams e. Henry Clay

Q: By the early nineteenth century, the term citizen had become synonymous with the right to vote.

Q: Which of the following represents Andrew Jacksons position on the Second Bank of the United States? a. It was dangerous to the nation because it refused to permit the issuance of enough paper money to meet national demand. b. It was a necessary evil in order to maintain the stability of the economy. c. It was ineffective because it had not been given adequate power over local and state banks. d. It was an unacceptable concentration of power and economic privilege. e. It was being poorly run by Nicholas Biddle and should instead be run by the president himself.

Q: In what way was the 1840 Whig campaign for president similar to recent presidential campaigns? a. Both had an extremely high percentage of voters (80 percent) turning out to cast ballots. b. Both had record numbers of African-Americans voting. c. Both stressed that the presidential candidate can relate to the average citizen. d. Both had two candidates with no platforms. e. Both dealt with immigration issues.

Q: What is the significance of Andrew Jacksons actions during the Bank War? a. It marked the first time a president vetoed a bill passed by Congress. b. His refusal to respect the wishes of Congress resulted in the first impeachment hearing in American history. c. His strong stance cemented his reputation as the symbolic representative of the common people. d. He established a precedent of the president providing strong leadership during times of economic crisis. e. The economic panic that followed the Bank War resulted in Jackson losing his bid for a second term.

Q: Which is true of the presidency of William Henry Harrison? a. He was accused by his critics of being a tyrant. b. He was a strong supporter of the American System. c. He died a month after taking office. d. Many blamed him for the Panic of 1837. e. His cool intellectualism was a sharp contrast to Andrew Jackson.

Q: What position did Andrew Jackson take during the nullification crisis? a. States did not have the right to secede and threaten the rest of the union. b. States were legally free to secede, as the United States was a free association. c. Only the Supreme Court could determine if secession was constitutional. d. States should have a legal right to veto federal laws they disagreed with. e. Protective tariffs were not as important as national unity.

Q: Which Indian nation fought a war with the U.S. Army from 1835 to 1842 to resist removal to the West? a. Cherokee b. Chickasaw c. Creek d. Seminole e. Choctaw

Q: The nullification crisis ended a. in the so-called Dorr War. b. with North Carolinas threat to secede in 1832. c. with the Supreme Courts opinion in Hamilton v. Jackson. d. with a compromise tariff. e. with Daniel Websters powerful pro-nullification speech to the Senate.

Q: Which statement is true about the Second Seminole War of 18351842? a. The war took place in Georgia. b. Seminoles and African-Americans fought together. c. All Seminoles were ultimately ousted from Florida. d. Osceola fought with Andrew Jackson against the Seminoles. e. The Seminoles won the war.

Q: Which was the last tribe to put up resistance on the battlefield in the Old Northwest? a. Sauk b. Cherokee c. Sioux d. Choctaw e. Seminole

Q: Which statement is true about Indian removal in the 1820s and 1830s? a. The increasing profitability of cotton motivated the United States to intensify efforts to seize Cherokee, Creek, Chickasaw, and Choctaw lands in order to expand cotton cultivation. b. Two Supreme Court decisions in favor of Indian property rights led President Andrew Jackson to stop the removal. c. President Andrew Jackson opposed the removal of the Cherokee, because they had assimilated into American society. d. During the armys forced removal of 18,000 members of the Cherokee tribe via the Trail of Tears, no one died. e. The Trail of Tears stretched from Georgia to Florida.

Q: Which tribes were targeted by the Indian Removal Act of 1830? a. the Apache, Pueblo, and Navajo b. the Lenape and Powhatan c. the Iroquois Confederacy d. the Five Civilized Tribes e. the Sioux, Pawnee, and Comanche

Q: In justifying nullification, Exposition and Protest drew on what precedent? a. the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions of 1798 b. the Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom c. the Articles of Confederation d. the Alien and Sedition Acts e. the Embargo Act

Q: In his Cherokee Nation v. Georgia opinion, Chief Justice John Marshall stated that a. Georgia had to respect Indian title to their lands. b. Indians were wards of the federal government. c. the Cherokee had to move to the Indian Territory. d. President Jackson had full authority over Indian affairs. e. Indians were U.S. citizens, with all attendant rights and responsibilities.

Q: What issue was argued during the Webster-Hayne debate? a. temperance legislation b. the role of the federal government in funding infrastructure improvements c. the role of Indians in the United States d. the future of slavery in the western territories e. a states right to nullify a federal law

Q: What was the role of the Supreme Court in the protection of Native American lands? a. The Supreme Court prevented Native Americans from losing access to land in Georgia. b. The Supreme Court believed the Native Americans deserved no protection. c. The Supreme Court ruled that the Seminole War was illegal. d. The Supreme Court was unable to enforce any form of protection. e. The Supreme Court urged legislation to be passed that created reservations.

Q: The Force Act of 1833 a. created a standing federal army to deal with threats to national security. b. provided for a police force for the District of Columbia. c. was nullified by South Carolina. d. became law at the insistence of nullification supporters. e. was declared unconstitutional by Chief Justice Roger Taney in 1838.

Q: The U.S. Supreme Courts 1832 Worcester v. Georgia decision a. supported the right of the Cherokee people to maintain a separate political identity. b. approved Georgias plans to confiscate Cherokee land and move the people to reservations. c. struck down Georgias anti-tariff Nullification Ordinance. d. was fully supported by President Andrew Jackson. e. was strongly opposed by Whigs.

Q: Which characterizes newspapers during the Age of Jackson? a. politically insignificant, containing mainly household tips and human-interest stories b. partisan, presenting issues through the lens of their own parties platforms c. localized, reporting mainly on events in their own specific locations d. expensive, unaffordable for all but the wealthiest Americans e. unreliable, publishing on irregular and unadvertised schedules

Q: Which state referred to the Tariff of 1828 as an abomination? a. Virginia b. New York c. North Carolina d. Georgia e. South Carolina

Q: What was a general belief of the Democrats in the 1830s? a. The federal government should be more powerful than state governments. b. New corporate enterprises were suspicious. c. Only government could protect against social inequality. d. Government should exercise its power to try to improve private morality. e. Restraining individual competition was a good thing.

Q: The nullification crisis a. involved the fears of some slaveholders that the federal government might act against slavery. b. was based on southern concerns that tariffs were preventing the South from industrializing as fast as the North. c. largely concerned the opposition of southwestern planters to federally financed internal improvements. d. brought Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun closer together politically. e. attracted support from Whigs like Daniel Webster, who saw it as an opportunity to embarrass and annoy Jackson.

Q: In the Age of Jackson, Democrats typically believed that a. economic inequality was good for the economy. b. the government should stay out of economic affairs. c. the government should fund road and canal construction. d. the government should abolish slavery. e. bankers, merchants, and speculators produced most of the nations wealth.

Q: Who wrote Exposition and Protest and emerged by the early 1830s as the most prominent spokesman for the right of nullification? a. John C. Calhoun b. Henry Clay c. Andrew Jackson d. John Quincy Adams e. Daniel Webster

Q: The claim that a splendid government was always built upon the ruins of popular rights is typical of which group in the 1830s? a. Irish immigrants b. the Democratic Party c. the Whig Party d. John Marshalls Supreme Court e. Evangelical Protestants

Q: What was the significance of the controversy over Peggy Eaton? a. Andrew Jackson felt that the stress it created led to his wifes early death. b. It marked a shifting role for women in the public sphere. c. It solidified Martin Van Burens position as Jacksons closest adviser. d. It demonstrated that the public did not consider politicians private lives when deciding how to vote. e. It became a rallying cry for the common man during Andrew Jacksons 1828 campaign.

Q: Which statement is a correct assessment of the Whigs? a. The Whig leadership criticized the American System. b. Their programs connected best with voters in isolated rural areas. c. They hoped to derail the market economy. d. They argued that the role of government was to promote the welfare of its people. e. The Whigs believed that active state governments were essential to increasing freedom.

Q: Who argued in a famous debate with South Carolinas Robert Hayne that the people, not the states, created the Constitution? a. John C. Calhoun b. John Quincy Adams c. Henry Clay d. Daniel Webster e. Martin Van Buren

Q: Which statement is true about the Whigs? a. Whigs generally opposed the American System. b. Whigs generally were poorer than Democrats. c. No farmers supported the Whigs. d. Whigs opposed slavery. e. Whigs were strongest in the Northeast.

Q: During Andrew Jacksons presidency, what occurred in the financial realm? a. The administration refused requests for federal expenditures for roads. b. The tariff was raised. c. The budget of the Second Bank of the United States increased by the end of his second term. d. The national government debt was eliminated. e. Democrats increased expenditures.

Q: Which goal did Whigs consider an appropriate focus for the federal government? a. protecting the individuals right to free agency b. returning power and responsibility to the states c. making America into a classless society d. promoting the welfare of the people e. opposing attempts to impose morality through legislation

Q: Why was Henry Clay charged with orchestrating a corrupt bargain during the 1824 election? a. He campaigned for the right to vote for free blacks in Pennsylvania in a bid to increase his own electability. b. He defected from the Whig Party in 1828 in order to support Jacksons presidential bid. c. He cast his vote for Adams in the presidential election in return for a cabinet post. d. He leaked a story to the press regarding Peggy Eaton to reduce the power of a political rival. e. He supported the Bank of American as a legislator, only to become its president in 1832.

Q: Which statement is true about the electoral college? a. By 1828, voters chose the presidential electors in every state except South Carolina. b. By 1828, the legislature chose the presidential electors in every state except Virginia. c. By 1828, voters chose the presidential electors in about half of the states. d. The electoral college was abolished in 1820. e. In states where voters chose the presidential electors, there was little campaigning and low voter turnout.

Q: In the presidential election of 1824, who received the most votes but failed to win a majority of either the popular or electoral votes, thus requiring the House of Representatives to select a president? a. Andrew Jackson b. Henry Clay c. John Quincy Adams d. James Monroe e. Nicholas Biddle

Q: Which occurred during the election of 1828? a. Adams fired most of the federal employees who openly campaigned for Jackson. b. One campaign slogan declared, Adams can fight, but Jackson can write. c. Adamss supporters questioned the morality of Andrew Jacksons wife, Rachel. d. Andrew Jackson accused John Quincy Adams of being a murderer. e. Andrew Jackson challenged Henry Clay to a duel because of 1824s corrupt bargain.

Q: By the time of Jacksons presidency, politics a. remained very much the province of the elite. b. was centered on the congressional elections held every other year. c. focused on organization, with the public refusing to tolerate showmanship or flowery oratory. d. often emphasized individual politicians with mass followings and popular nicknames. e. was completely under the control of Martin Van Buren.

Q: Which presidents vision for America most resembled Alexander Hamiltons plans? a. Andrew Jacksons b. James Monroes c. Martin Van Burens d. John Quincy Adamss e. William Henry Harrisons

Q: Which of the following characterizes the practice of politics in America during the Age of Jackson? a. a mass spectacle that served as a kind of public entertainment b. a divisive issue that turned neighbor against neighbor and even broke up families c. a rigorous, intellectual undertaking, truly understood by only the most educated of Americas citizens d. a minor interest in the lives of people consumed by the tasks of raising families and earning a living e. an obsession of those living in urban areas, but little discussed by those living rural existences

Q: What did critics of the John Quincy Adams presidency accuse him of? a. making a corrupt bargain with the Whigs in order to win the election b. encouraging dissension between the northern and southern states to distract attention from his failures c. hurting the economy by undermining the American System of economic development d. allowing the states to pass laws that threatened the unity of the nation e. leading the federal government to overstep the bounds of what was constitutionally allowed

Q: Which is true of John Quincy Adams? a. He believed that a strong federal government enhanced personal liberty. b. As a Federalist senator, he had vehemently opposed Jeffersons embargo policy. c. He felt that the acquisition of new territory went beyond the powers granted the federal government by the Constitution. d. He strongly opposed the American System of economic development. e. He believed that Americas strength lay in its economic independence from global markets.

Q: What was Andrew Jacksons stance on African-American slaves? a. They deserved to receive all the rights of American citizenship. b. They should remain slaves or be freed and sent abroad. c. They should be pushed west of the Mississippi River. d. They should all be freed but remain as lower-class citizens. e. They deserved reparation pay for the hardships they suffered.

Q: The practice of giving a political office to someone based on party loyalty is called a. a meritocracy. b. the spoils system. c. paternalism. d. the party system. e. nepotism.

Q: What idea did John Quincy Adams promote that was not accepted in his presidency and is still rejected in todays United States? a. building national roads b. a publicly funded astronomical observatory c. congressional aid for farming d. official adoption of the metric system e. legislation promoting manufacturing

Q: What future vision did John Quincy Adams have for the United States? a. The Indian Tribes would establish small, independent nations in the far West, which would serve as allies to the United States. b. The United States would peacefully split into two nations, one with slavery and one without. c. The United States would be a nation without slavery by the year 1900. d. The United States would annex Canada following a third war with Britain. e. All of North America would eventually be part of the United States.

Q: Many of the members of Jacksons Kitchen Cabinet, as his group of close advisers was known, were a. bankers. b. newspaper editors. c. women. d. military officers. e. Protestant ministers.

Q: What did the citizens appeal to in the Appeal of Forty Thousand Citizens Threatened with Disfranchisement? a. violence. b. abolition of slavery c. the conscience of white males d. the hard work of white women in the home e. workers who had no protection on the job

Q: Which of the following statements about Martin Van Buren is true? a. By 1832, he had established the political machinery of the Whig Party. b. He wanted to see competition between political parties. c. Based on his strong intellectualism, he promoted the idea of a national university. d. He emphasized sectionalism over party loyalty. e. In the 1820s, he wanted politicians to focus more on ending slavery.

Q: In the 1820s and 1830s, political party machines a. did away with the spoils system. b. were abolished by Andrew Jackson. c. were always run by Whigs. d. lacked power in cities. e. provided benefits like jobs to loyal constituents.

Q: The Monroe Doctrine a. was the idea that all white men should have voting rights. b. secured Florida from Spain. c. declared the Americas off-limits to further European colonization. d. stated that the United States would be neutral in all international conflicts. e. settled the nullification crisis favorably for South Carolina.

Q: What significant issue did the Missouri Compromise aim to resolve? a. giving land to Native Americans b. the protective tariff c. slaves being treated as property d. the extension of slavery e. the abolition of slavery

Q: What would have been an accurate assessment of the Monroe Doctrine at the time? a. The Latin American revolutions had little in common with American ideals. b. It was more talk than action, as the United States was weak militarily. c. The United States had battle plans drawn to attack Europe to prevent further colonization. d. This was a plan to gain Canada from the British. e. It failed in helping the United States gain Florida.