Q&A Hero

Q: What argument does The Memorial of the Non-Freeholders of the City of Richmond make against the policy of granting the right to vote only to those who own property? a. Men do not have the right to limit or restrict the God-given freedom and liberty that all Americans are born with. b. Refusing those who do not own land the right to vote will create potentially violent class conflict. c. A robust democracy requires the participation of men from all social classes. d. Land ownership is not evidence of superior intelligence or moral judgement. e. The Constitution implies that the right to vote should be granted to all free men, without restriction.

Q: What were Spains only remaining American colonies in 1825? a. Mexico and Peru b. Ecuador and Chile c. Puerto Rico and Cuba d. Guatemala and El Salvador e. Venezuela and Colombia

Q: In the document The Memorial of the Non-Freeholders of the City of Richmond, what were the freeholders claiming? a. A majority of white males were not allowed to vote. b. Immigrants should be granted suffrage. c. Poor farmworkers should be granted free plots of land. d. The voting age needed to be lowered to fifteen. e. Women should be allowed to vote in local elections.

Q: How did Latin American republics established between 1810 and 1822 differ from the United States? a. Latin American constitutions extended the right to vote to Indians and free blacks. b. Latin American independence wars were generally shorter than the U.S. Revolutionary War. c. Economic development was easier to achieve in Latin American republics than in the United States. d. No Latin American republic ever had a civil war. e. Most Latin American countries denied suffrage to Indians and free blacks.

Q: What is the document Appeal of Forty Thousand Citizens Threatened with Disenfranchisement protesting? a. a New Jersey law taking away womens right to vote b. Rhode Islands refusal to honor the constitution ratified by the Peoples Convention. c. an amendment to the Pennsylvania constitution restricting voting rights to whites d. the practice, in New York State, of requiring voters to pass a literacy test e. the possibility that Maine would limit the right to vote to white males

Q: Which was a component of the Monroe Doctrine? a. The United States vowed to oppose efforts by European powers to establish any new colonies in the Americas. b. The United States and France signed a mutual assistance treaty, agreeing to aid one another in case of attack by a foreign power. c. The United States pledged financial support for the establishment of industry in the newly independent nations of South America. d. The United States formally declared its intention of claiming territory all the way to the Pacific Ocean. e. The United States declared its intention to adopt the metric system for official weights and measures by 1850.

Q: The Monroe Doctrine a. was the idea that all white men should have voting rights. b. secured Florida from Spain. c. declared the Americas off-limits to further European colonization. d. stated that the United States would be neutral in all international conflicts. e. settled the nullification crisis favorably for South Carolina.

Q: What significant issue did the Missouri Compromise aim to resolve? a. giving land to Native Americans b. the protective tariff c. slaves being treated as property d. the extension of slavery e. the abolition of slavery

Q: What would have been an accurate assessment of the Monroe Doctrine at the time? a. The Latin American revolutions had little in common with American ideals. b. It was more talk than action, as the United States was weak militarily. c. The United States had battle plans drawn to attack Europe to prevent further colonization. d. This was a plan to gain Canada from the British. e. It failed in helping the United States gain Florida.

Q: As part of the Missouri Compromise, what free state was admitted to the Union? a. Arkansas b. Maine c. California d. Louisiana e. Oregon

Q: The 1823 Monroe Doctrine a. was inconsistent with the idea of manifest destiny. b. was not a significant aspect of U.S. foreign policy until the twentieth century. c. declared that all republics in the Western Hemisphere were equal, and no republic should dominate another. d. was primarily aimed at preventing trade with new Latin American nations. e. reflected a rising sense of U.S. nationalism.

Q: What position did President James Madison take regarding government-sponsored economic development? a. He spoke out vigorously against what Henry Clay called the American System. b. He approved a law that funded roads and canals throughout the eastern United States. c. He insisted that a constitutional amendment would be required to empower the federal government to build roads and canals. d. He signed into law John Calhouns bill providing funding for federally financed internal improvements. e. He was staunchly opposed to the creation of a new national bank, but supported tariffs on imported goods.

Q: In its decision in McCulloch v. Maryland, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a. the Indians were not allowed to sue the federal government. b. the Second Bank of the United States was constitutional. c. Catholics could not be barred from political office. d. the American System was unconstitutional. e. states could nullify federal laws with congressional permission.

Q: What was the precedent that Calhoun referred to when justifying federal funding of canals and roads? a. the National Road b. the construction of Washington, D.C. c. the creation of a standing army d. the Erie Canal e. the Louisiana Purchase

Q: What does the period known as the Era of Good Feelings indicate about American politics in the nineteenth century? a. Andrew Jacksons spoils system became a rallying cry for political reformers. b. Single-party rule did not result in the easing of sectional rivalries. c. The War of 1812 had created political tensions that were unresolved thirty years later. d. The Monroe Doctrine was successful in creating short-term harmony between Europe and the Western Hemisphere. e. The issue of slavery had ceased to be a central cause of tension within the American political system.

Q: Which was a component of the American System? a. States would be responsible for financing roads and canals. b. The federal government would create a new national bank. c. Slavery would not be allowed to spread north of latitude 3630′. d. The United States would not become involved in wars in Europe. e. Tariffs on imported goods would be reduced in order to encourage trade.

Q: The term Era of Good Feelings refers to the period of American history when a. the Federalist Party was at its strongest. b. there seemed to be political harmony during the Monroe administration. c. Americans united across party lines to declare war on Great Britain in the War of 1812. d. slavery was gradually abolished in all the states. e. Democrats and Whigs cooperated to solve the nations financial crisis.

Q: The Second Bank of the United States was created a. by Congress in 1816, with the support of President Madison. b. to counterbalance the power of the First Bank of the United States. c. by President Monroes executive order in 1820. d. by a group of New York bankers after the First Bank of the United States failed. e. by Congress in 1832, with the support of President Jackson.

Q: Under the Missouri Compromise of 1820, a. the remaining Louisiana Purchase territory was divided into slave and free zones. b. Congress banned slavery in any new territory that might ever be added to the United States. c. Missouri agreed to gradual emancipation of slavery in exchange for admission to the Union. d. Ohio became a free state to balance the admission of Missouri as a slave state. e. slave states gained a two-seat advantage in the U.S. Senate.

Q: Which is true of paper money in America in the early nineteenth century? a. It could be issued only by the federal government. b. It was in limited supply and used extensively only in the larger cities. c. It represented a promise to pay the bearer, on demand, a specific amount of gold or silver. d. Its value was determined by the president of the Second Bank of the United States. e. Its value could not legally exceed the amount of money that the bank printing it held in its vault.

Q: Why was a second Missouri Compromise necessary? a. Maines state constitution allowed slavery to continue until 1840. b. Missouris state constitution barred free blacks from entering the state. c. Henry Clay refused to vote for the first Missouri Compromise. d. Texas wished to enter the Union as a slave state at the same time. e. Missouris state constitution prohibited wage labor.

Q: Which was a cause of the Panic of 1819? a. a decline in the European market for American farm products b. debts incurred to finance the War of 1812 c. the Bank of Englands demand that American merchants pay their creditors in gold or silver d. a flood of immigrant labor into American cities e. the collapse of the Second Bank of the United States

Q: What was a result of the Panic of 1819? a. Many farmers and businessmen declared bankruptcy. b. Unemployment declined in eastern cities. c. Trust in banks increased. d. Many western states enlisted militias to collect debts. e. Political harmony increased.

Q: Which was a result of the Panic of 1819? a. European demand for American farm products surged. b. Prices for western lands tripled within a span of ten years. c. The Second Bank of the United States declared bankruptcy. d. Some states suspended debt collections. e. John Marshall decided against the Second Bank of the United States in Gibbons v. Ogden.

Q: In 1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote that the most rabid Radical is likely to be conservative in what respect? a. his economic aspirations b. his views on women and marriage c. his views on free blacks d. his thoughts about immigration e. his religious beliefs

Q: What innovation led to mass production of newspapers and pamphlets in the 1820s and 1830s? a. the invention of the printing press b. Noah Webster publishing a dictionary for Americans c. the spread of telegraph wires d. the use of steam power for presses e. the creation of a postal system

Q: What marked Herman Melville as unique in mid-nineteenth-century America? a. He was a white minstrel show performer who refused to wear blackface or portray black characters as dishonest or unintelligent. b. He was an author who presented his black characters as stereotypes of happy, superstitious slaves. c. He was an author who portrayed complex, heroic black characters. d. He was an author who portrayed complex, strong women characters. e. He invented the racist minstrel show character Jim Crow.

Q: Which type of publication first began to be produced in the late 1820s? a. political pamphlets attempting to change public opinion b. newspapers that were published daily c. books written by escaped slaves d. alternative newspapers, such as labor and abolitionist publications e. full-color magazines

Q: In 1821, the New York constitutional convention that removed property qualifications for white voters also a. raised the property requirement for black voters, so most black New Yorkers could no longer vote. b. removed property qualifications for black voters, so all black New Yorkers could now vote. c. enfranchised Native Americans. d. enfranchised women. e. barred immigrants from voting.

Q: Which statement is true about women in the 1830s? a. Women gained the right to vote in most states. b. Womens participation in religious institutions declined. c. Women became lawyers, dentists, and architects for the first time in American history. d. Literacy rates for women of all classes and races decreased. e. An increasing number of women published their writing.

Q: What is true about race in the mid-nineteenth-century United States? a. Race replaced class as the boundary between men who enjoyed political freedom and those who did not. b. Some states accorded black Americans full equality before the law by todays standards. c. By 1860, black men could vote on the same basis as white men in every state north of Maryland. d. Most literature and popular culture rejected racist stereotypes. e. An ideology of racial superiority and inferiority developed in the South but was rejected in the North.

Q: Why were there more opportunities for women writers in the 1820s and 1830s? a. Girls became eligible to attend public schools in 1810, and a generation of young, literate women came of age during this period. b. There was a craze for fiction about female factory workers, especially those working in mills. c. Lydia Maria Child founded a publishing house that only published women writers. d. The reading public grew considerably, creating a growing market for all types of writing. e. Influential religious groups, such as the Quakers and Mennonites, popularized the idea that women had a role in the public sphere.

Q: By 1860, free black men could vote on the same basis as whites only in a. Virginia and Maryland. b. New York and Pennsylvania. c. the Upper Northwest (Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota). d. four states in the Lower South. e. five New England states.

Q: Which view of women in America first became prominent in the early nineteenth century? a. Women should not have the right to vote because they were too easily swayed by passions and emotions. b. Through education, women could develop into capable participants in American democracy. c. Women were too gentle and pure to be contaminated by the world of politics. d. Women who took jobs in factories were no longer fit to be wives and mothers. e. Women should not be allowed to speak publicly, as the Bible expressly forbade it.

Q: White male European immigrants a. could vote in some states almost from the moment they landed in America. b. had less access to the suffrage (the right to vote) in most states than free black men. c. were increasingly divided politically along ethnic lines as they gained the right to vote. d. could vote in all states within one month of immigration. e. were regarded as lower in status than free black men.

Q: Which statement is true in regard to democracy in the Age of Jackson? a. Jackson was a typical poor farmer who came to be an accurate symbol of the age. b. The justification for the disenfranchisement of women was similar to that used against blacks. c. The ideals of the Declaration of Independence expanded beyond white men. d. Alexis de Tocqueville wrote that democracy in the United States was overrated. e. States created after 1800 extended suffrage beyond white males.

Q: Which is true of the political positions of younger Republicans, such as Henry Clay, in the years immediately following the War of 1812? a. They embraced the idea that the nations economic independence required a manufacturing sector. b. They maintained the Jeffersonian belief that the future of the United States depended exclusively on agriculture. c. They believed that only the states had the constitutional right to enact policies to encourage economic development. d. They hoped to secure exclusive trading rights with Britain through trade agreements. e. They rejected James Madisons American System as being unconstitutional.

Q: Which of the following was used as a justification for excluding women and blacks from voting during the Age of Jackson? a. Because these groups had not voted in Britain, they should not vote in America. b. Because the members of these groups were not citizens, they could not vote. c. Both of these types of people lacked the necessary intellectual capacity to be voters. d. Members of these groups had never asked to be included in politics. e. As they did not own property, they could not be expected to have the right to vote.

Q: The American System a. called for the abolition of tariffs because they violated free trade principles. b. made national banks illegal. c. proposed providing federal financing of internal improvements, such as roads and canals. d. was based on the idea that the government should not be involved in economic development. e. was opposed by President James Madison.

Q: The Dorr War a. started as a disagreement over internal improvements in New York. b. refers to fighting that broke out between whites and Cherokees in Georgia. c. demonstrated the contentiousness of the national bank debate. d. divided Rhode Islanders over the issue of expanding voting rights for white men. e. resulted from the nullification crisis in South Carolina.

Q: What name is given to the sharp increase in printing and the availability of printed material in the 1830s? a. The Progressive Era b. Great Society c. Market Revolution d. Era of Good Feelings e. Information Revolution

Q: According to John OSullivan, the manifest destiny of the United States to occupy North America could be traced to a. the Treaty of Paris of 1783. b. a divine mission. c. the Adams-On s Treaty. d. the War of 1812. e. federal treaties with Indian nations.

Q: By 1840, 90 percent of which group in the United States was eligible to vote? a. adult white men b. adult U.S. citizens c. African-American adults d. adult women e. Native American adults

Q: What qualities did the British writer Harriet Martineau and the French writer Alexis de Tocqueville find notable about Americans in the 1830s? a. their ethnic and racial diversity b. their literacy level and the sophistication of their political discourse c. their religious piety and biblical knowledge d. their energy and materialism e. the informality of their dress and manners

Q: By 1840, U.S. national identity was primarily defined by a. a common religion. b. democratic political institutions. c. ethnic unity. d. the English language. e. fear of Canada.

Q: Andrew Jacksons inauguration was a. small and dignified. b. much like the previous presidential inaugurations. c. limited to only the upper crust of society. d. a large, rowdy event. e. a disastrous affair during which Jacksons opponents protested outside the White House.

Q: By 1840, approximately ________ percent of adult white men were eligible to vote. a. 40 b. 55 c. 65 d. 75 e. 90

Q: What did Andrew Jackson symbolize to most Americans during the Age of Jackson? a. the insidious nature of political rhetoric b. the failure of democracy c. the nobility of the hereditary elite d. the spirit of pacifism e. the triumph of political democracy

Q: What was a broadly accepted idea in the United States in the 1830s that was also a departure from Western thought? a. Only propertied people should participate in politics. b. Only highly educated people should participate in politics. c. Race and gender should not be barriers to political participation. d. Race and gender are social constructs. e. Sovereignty belongs to the mass of ordinary citizens.

Q: In the early to mid-nineteenth century, property qualifications for voting a. continued in Virginia because large-scale slaveholders dominated the states politics. b. survived in all of the slave states but in none of the free states. c. died out entirely, allowing all whites to vote in every state. d. were more popular in newer states than in the original thirteen. e. disappeared because of the Voting Rights Act championed by President Andrew Jackson.

Q: Which of the following did Alexis de Tocqueville observe about American society in Democracy in America? a. American culture had not changed much from its British precedents. b. America was not a true democracy, but rather a voter-selected oligarchy. c. The practice of democracy in American had created an important cultural shift. d. The decline of the Federalist Party, and the rise of one-party politics, was a threat to American democracy. e. The success of American democracy was dependent on strong presidential leadership.

Q: What was a voting requirement that all states except Rhode Island had eliminated by 1860? a. being male b. being white c. being a citizen d. owning property e. being twenty-one years or older

Q: Which of the following occurred during the Age of Jackson? a. Native Americans won important legal cases that resulted in the restoration of some of their tribal lands. b. Ex-slaves gained the right to vote in all of the New England and Mid-Atlantic states. c. Economic inequality decreased for white males, due largely to the rise of labor unions. d. A group of white women, meeting in Seneca Falls, New York, began what would be a long struggle to gain the right to vote. e. Democracy for white males was more fully realized.

Q: What motivated the actions that resulted in the Dorr War? a. the fear that the federal government would attempt to outlaw slavery b. anxiety over the growing income inequality in the 1820s c. frustration over the federal governments failure to honor treaties made with Native American tribes d. the desire to create an independent government free of the Spanish empire e. a desire to expand Rhode Islands voting laws to include those who didnt own property

Q: According to Noah Websters American Dictionary, which term had become synonymous in American society with the right to vote? a. American b. citizen c. freeman d. property owner e. radical

Q: Why did corporations become central to the new market economy? a. Corporations were more trusted than small businesses because they did not have any special privileges or powers. b. Directors and stockholders of corporations could pursue profits without being personally liable for debts. c. Local governments made sure corporations acted in accordance with the public interest. d. Corporations were more concerned with ethical practices than profits. e. Corporations did not require special charters or laws in order to thrive.

Q: During the first half of the nineteenth century, individualism a. came under attack from Henry David Thoreau. b. was defined in a way that distinguished it completely from the idea of privacy. c. hampered efforts to spread democracy because it reduced interest in suffrage. d. was rooted in the idea of self-sufficiency. e. was a subject on which all transcendentalists agreed.

Q: How does Sarah Bagley characterize the practices at Lowell mill in the Voice of Industry? a. as a moral wrong b. as an affront to individual rights c. as a stage in an economic revolution d. as class warfare e. as an insult to female sensibilities

Q: In an 1837 case involving the Charles River in Massachusetts, Chief Justice Roger Taney a. declared that the community had a legitimate interest in promoting transportation and prosperity. b. held that adding a second bridge over the river violated the charter rights of the company that built the first bridge. c. granted Robert Fultons steamboat company a monopoly in the ferry business on the river. d. issued an opinion in which the U.S. Supreme Court, for the first time, overturned a state law. e. officially declared that capitalism was the economic system of the United States.

Q: Which group did American Protestants fear threatened American identity? a. Irish immigrants, who were Catholics b. English immigrants, who were suspected of being hostile to Americans c. German immigrants, who did not speak English d. single male immigrants, who were marrying American women e. children of immigrants, who required special attention at school

Q: In the 1840s, nativists blamed immigrants for a. epidemics in American cities. b. an increase in Protestant revivalism. c. terrorism. d. a decline in the sale of alcohol. e. urban crime and political corruption.

Q: Nativists a. blamed immigrants for civil unrest following the Civil War. b. accused immigrants of undercutting native-born unskilled laborers. c. believed that Protestantism threatened American institutions and American freedom. d. stereotyped the Irish as childlike, lazy, heavy drinkers who were unsuited for republican freedom. e. believed in the importance of preserving the lands of indigenous peoples in North America.

Q: Manifest destiny refers to the idea first advanced by journalist John L. OSullivan that a. it was the divine mission of the United States to lead the world in the abolition of slavery. b. it was the divine mission of the United States to return the continent to its native inhabitants. c. it was the divine mission of the Catholic Church to take over the United States. d. it was the divine mission of the United States to take over the continent in order to extend freedom. e. it was the divine mission of the United States to venture west and explore the natural North American wilderness.

Q: What does Margaret McCarthy promise that her family will find in America in her 1850 letter? a. wealth and luxury b. freedom from social constraints c. work and food d. farmland in the western territories e. a vibrant Irish community

Q: Which was a reason that nativists in the 1840s and 1850s resented immigrants? a. Immigrants were openly scornful of American culture. b. Immigrants were marrying American women. c. Immigrants were not Christians. d. Immigrants were willing to work for low wages. e. Immigrants were causing a housing crisis in the larger cities.

Q: In her 1850 letter to her family, what circumstance does Margaret McCarthy describe as a blessing from God? a. successfully making it across the Atlantic b. finding work in America c. encountering old family friends in America d. recovering from an illness e. not having been married in Ireland

Q: During the period of westward expansion, in national myth and ideology, what did the West represent? a. isolation and loneliness b. war and instability c. the chance to create a communal society d. the chance to achieve economic independence e. the chance to recreate the hierarchical society of Europe

Q: Which statement about corporations was true in the first half of the nineteenth century? a. Most Americans favored corporate charters with special privileges. b. The corporation was only a small part of the new market economy. c. Charters from the government strictly controlled corporations. d. Corporations were able to raise far more capital than the traditional forms of enterprise. e. A corporation could fail, leading to jail time for its directors and stockholders.

Q: Which describes a way in which the American legal system influenced the market revolution? a. Judges were consulted by state and local government in the creation of ordinances to regulate the actions of business owners. b. Chief Justice John Marshall rejected the idea of treating corporate charters issued by state legislatures as contracts. c. Local judges protected businessmen from paying property damages associated with factory construction. d. Massachusetts Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw held in Commonwealth v. Hunt that workers had no right to organize. e. In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court upheld the right of a state government to grant a monopoly to a private company.

Q: In Gibbons v. Ogden, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a. the Louisiana Purchase was unconstitutional. b. Congress had the authority to create the Bank of the United States. c. New York could not grant a monopoly on steamboat navigation. d. corporations were illegal because they threatened individual free enterprise. e. railroad workers had no right to strike because it interfered with national commerce.

Q: What best describes the individualism of the market revolution era? a. Individualism was reserved for those who owned property. b. Americans were sovereign individuals who had the right to privacy. c. Individualism was strictly un-American. d. The key to living as an individual was division of labor between interconnected parties. e. Individual was another word for traitor.

Q: What is true about the Lowell mill girls? a. They constituted the minority of workers in the early New England textile mills. b. They usually spent their whole adult lives as wage-earning factory workers. c. They enjoyed less personal supervision after leaving their homes to work in the factory. d. Many valued the opportunity to earn money independently. e. They were mostly unmarried daughters of New England immigrant families.

Q: How does Sarah Bagley explain her employment in a Lowell mill in the Voice of Industry? a. She chooses to work there to escape the constrictive culture of her small town. b. She is made to work there in order to provide money for her family back home. c. She is made to work there by court order, as she was previously homeless. d. She chooses to work there for the sake of female companionship, as she has no sisters at home. e. She chooses to work there in order to have spending money to treat herself to small luxuries.

Q: Compare immigration to the United States in the 1840s and 1850s to the present day. Is there a similarity? a. Most immigrants in both time periods were from Mexico. b. In both centuries, immigrants primary motive was to escape religious persecution. c. Most immigrants in both centuries sought better economic opportunities. d. In both time periods, the primary group to arrive in America was children. e. The immigrants in both periods focused on gold mining.

Q: Which of the following describes the experience of the mill girls? a. Working Sunday mornings, they had no opportunity to attend church services. b. Most walked to work after completing morning chores on their family farms. c. They worked rotating eight-hour shifts, with the mills running constantly. d. The majority never married and worked at the mills for decades before retiring. e. They were required to live in closely supervised boardinghouses.

Q: What is one major reason an increasing number of emigrants left Europe for the United States between 1840 and 1860? a. Factory life in eastern American cities appealed to traditional European peasant values. b. Industrialization in Europe enhanced the jobs of many craft workers. c. Steamships and railroads were replaced by more efficient travel technologies. d. The Irish potato famine created many refugees who were escaping starvation. e. Immigrants were attracted to the idea of becoming slaveowners.

Q: What encouraged the building of factories in coastal towns such as New Bedford and even large inland cities such as Chicago by the 1840s? a. Such places generally had cheaper labor (usually consisting of African-Americans) than existed in the earlier, highly unionized factory towns such as Lowell and Pawtucket. b. Under Henry Clays American System, federal and state governments subsidized factories in those locations. c. Steam power meant factories no longer had to be near waterfalls and rapids to generate the power. d. Factory owners were attracted by the highly skilled labor pool of German immigrants who settled in those areas. e. The U.S. Supreme Courts decision in Gibbons v. Ogden removed obstacles to the placement of factories in densely populated areas.

Q: German immigrants a. sought to assimilate rapidly into American culture. b. quickly abandoned the German language. c. often became craftsmen, shopkeepers, and farmers. d. included fewer skilled craftsmen than the Irish. e. remained in eastern cities and ventured west rarely.

Q: The American System of manufactures a. owed a great deal to Eli Terrys development of interchangeable parts in clockmaking. b. originated among entrepreneurs in the Old Northwest before spreading to New England. c. referred to the production of specialty handmade goods by highly skilled artisans. d. was centered on agricultural machinery. e. was nearly derailed by Chief Justice John Marshalls hostility to economic development.

Q: Which geographic area was the first to adopt an industrial system of manufacturing? a. New England b. the Old Northwest c. states in the Cotton Kingdom d. western territories e. southern states with large port cities