Q&A Hero

Q: The African Methodist Episcopal Church was founded as a place of worship for white slave traders while in Africa.

Q: During the period from 1810 to 1840, national boundaries prevented Americans from settling in Texas or Florida.

Q: John OSullivan coined the term manifest destiny to describe Americas divinely appointed mission to settle all of North America.

Q: Women and blacks fully enjoyed the fruits of the market revolution.

Q: What was culturally expected of a white middle-class woman in the period from 1800 to 1840? a. She would pursue a college education before marriage. b. Once her children were in school, she would take a job outside the home to supplement the familys disposable income. c. She would give birth to 610 children, in order to increase the population. d. She would find fulfillment by focusing her energies on her family and home. e. She would be responsible for producing the daily foodstuffs and necessities that her household required.

Q: What did Noah Websters American Dictionary define as a state of exemption from the power or control of another? a. masculinity b. individualism c. artisanship d. freedom e. weakness

Q: What choice best describes the concept of a family wage? a. All members of the family over the age of twelve should contribute to the family income. b. The male head of household should earn enough to support his wife and children. c. Husband and wife should contribute equally to the family income. d. Domestic servants should be paid decently because they are essentially members of the family. e. Women should retain control over family bookkeeping so that men can maximize their working hours.

Q: The idea of leveling the playing field between worker and management was best personified in the writings of which American? a. Karl Marx b. Ralph Waldo Emerson c. Orestes Brownson d. Henry David Thoreau e. Joseph Smith

Q: In Northeast cities during the market revolution, a. neighborhoods became more ethnically mixed. b. the wealth gap between the rich and poor significantly widened. c. population declined. d. wealth inequality declined. e. political corruption declined.

Q: ___ 1. Robert Fulton ___ 2. Richard Allen ___ 3. Lydia Maria Child ___ 4. Roger Taney ___ 5. John OSullivan ___ 6. Charles Grandison Finney ___ 7. John Jacob Astor ___ 8. Cyrus McCormick ___ 9. Ralph Waldo Emerson ___ 10. Samuel Slater ___ 11. Orestes Brownson ___ 12. John Deere a. Supreme Court chief justice b. transcendentalist c. coined the term manifest destiny d. established Americas first factory e. steamboat innovator f. African Methodist Episcopal Church g. steel plow h. self-made millionaire i. preacher in New York j. reaper k. The Frugal Housewife l. called for a radical change in the wage labor system

Q: The Workingmens Parties of the late 1820s attempted to mobilize support for candidates who would a. press for free public education. b. create legislation limiting the workday to eight hours. c. end the existence of unions. d. support a five-dollar hourly minimum wage. e. create rehabilitation programs in debtors prisons.

Q: ___ 1. Second Great Awakening ___ 2. cult of domesticity ___ 3. corporation ___ 4. transcendentalism ___ 5. slave coffles ___ 6. Commonwealth v. Hunt ___ 7. cotton gin ___ 8. American System ___ 9. manifest destiny ___ 10. virtue ___ 11. Erie Canal ___ 12. nativism a. a celebration of the home b. revolutionized American slavery c. mass production of interchangeable parts d. a personal moral quality associated with women e. a belief that American expansion was divinely appointed f. religious revival g. a decree that labor organization was legal h. a literary and philosophical movement i. groups chained together while migrating to the Deep South j. a chartered entity that has rights and liabilities distinct from those of its members k. prejudice against immigrants l. waterway linking New York City to the Great Lakes

Q: What modern example fulfills the goals of the Workingmens Parties? a. Machinery being used to handle boring and repetitive jobs in a factory. b. The president intervening in a strike in order to keep the transportation system running. c. Congress raising the federal minimum wage. d. A company downsizing to increase its profits and its payments to shareholders. e. Nurses working three twelve-hour shifts per week, with four days off.

Q: The catalyst for the market revolution was a series of innovations in transportation and communication.

Q: In his essay The Laboring Classes, Orestes Brownson argued that a. wealth and labor were at war. b. each workers problems had to be understood individually. c. government was the cause of workers problems. d. workers were lazy and easily tempted by alcohol. e. workers had achieved true freedom thanks to free enterprise.

Q: The women who protested during the Shoemakers Strike in Lynn compared their condition to that of a. indentured servants. b. slaves. c. Irish immigrants. d. religious dissenters. e. Indians.

Q: Which is evidence of womens power over family affairs during the nineteenth century? a. the practice of women signing contracts with domestic servants without consulting their husbands b. a rise in the popularity of books and magazines written for a female audience c. an increase in church attendance d. declining birth rates e. the idea that women should contribute to the family wage

Q: Which is true of the popular book The Frugal Housewife? a. It promised economic success to women who took in piecework at home. b. It was actually written by a man, using a pen name. c. It depicted the household as a prison that women needed to escape. d. It was written by the wife of Charles Grandison Finney.

Q: How did Langdon Byllesby, a labor spokesman from Philadelphia, describe wage labor? a. as a dying institution b. as a complicated and divisive system, from which we may never recover c. as the cornerstone of economic prosperity d. as essential to American freedom e. as the very essence of slavery

Q: During the first half of the nineteenth century, free black Americans a. could not, under federal law, obtain public land. b. found, as whites did, that the West offered the best opportunities for economic advancement. c. rose in economic status, but more slowly than whites. d. joined with white artisans in biracial unions that successfully struck for higher wages. e. formed predominantly upper-middle-class communities in the North.

Q: What is the role of Joseph Smith in the Mormon religion? a. head of a family who, with Gods guidance, traveled from the ancient Middle East to the Americas b. prophet who predicted that the Second Coming of Christ, and the end of the world, would occur in 1841 c. leader of an exodus of people seeking religious freedom to the shores of the Great Salt Lake d. translator of the Bible into three dozen known Native American languages e. prophet who, though divine intervention, received the Book of Mormon

Q: Which represents the experience of free blacks in the North during the period of the market revolution? a. Even skilled workers faced limited economic opportunities. b. An economically successful, but politically weak, middle class of black doctors and lawyers developed. c. The return of the practice of apprenticeships made many free blacks effective slaves to their employers. d. Free blacks comprised the majority of factory workers in Philadelphia and Baltimore. e. Populations of free blacks in the East plummeted as many migrated west to secure free government land.

Q: How did Mormonism challenge societal norms? a. The Mormon leadership wanted to allow women in leadership positions. b. The Mormons came to endorse the doctrine of polygamy. c. The Mormons believed that Jesus Christ never existed. d. The Mormons believed the Native Americans came from East Asia and brought Buddhism. e. The Mormons used alcohol in religious services.

Q: Which of the following meets the ideals embodied by the cult of domesticity? a. two widows living together to help support one another b. an unmarried female factory worker c. an independent woman writer d. a female minister e. a wife who was submissive to her husband in all important decisions

Q: Why was Joseph Smith driven from New York State? a. his claims of having communicated with an angel b. his embrace of polygamy c. his role in a riot that destroyed an anti-Mormon newspaper d. the Mormon practice of posthumous baptism e. the Mormon practice of admitting African-Americans to the church

Q: Which statement is true about the mid-nineteenth-century phenomenon known as the cult of domesticity? a. The household gained prominence as the center of economic production, and women, as a result, exercised more economic power than ever before. b. The ideal middle-class home became a porous, semi-public sphere, merged with the competitive tensions of the market economy. c. Birth rates increased among middle-class women, who embraced their new role as rulers of the household. d. Women were no longer expected to embody submission, frailty, or sexual innocence. e. While men moved freely between public and private spheres, women were expected to remain within the private domestic realm.

Q: John Jacob Astor, who seemed to exemplify the self-made man, a. turned out to be a fraud, for it was discovered he counterfeited much of his fortune. b. used his great wealth to finance the North during the Civil War. c. made huge profits from distributing the machines built by Thomas Rodgers. d. began his economic ascent through the purchase of Philadelphia real estate. e. became wealthy by trading goods between the United States and China.

Q: What came to be redefined as a personal moral quality associated more and more closely with women? a. freedom b. liberty c. virtue d. family e. temperance

Q: The market revolution led to the rise of a new middle class. By the early 1820s, approximately how many physicians lived in the United States? a. 50 b. 600 c. 2,000 d. 5,500 e. 10,000

Q: How did the ideals represented by the cult of domesticity differ from feminine ideals of the eighteenth century? a. They acknowledged that women had a role to play in the market economy as the holders of the purse strings in the family. b. They focused on the dangers that might befall womensuch as falling into prostitutionwho gave into their passions. c. They encouraged women to be emotionally distant from their husbands, so that men would be more free to participate in the market economy. d. They represented a shift into a purely private world, dominated by the family and emotion. e. They lifted the burden of household work from married women and shifted it to young, unmarried women, many of them immigrants.

Q: Which event led to the establishment of the African Methodist Episcopal Church? a. Richard Allen was refused admission to Princeton Seminary because of his color b. Richard Allen was forcibly removed from praying at the altar rail at his former place of worship. c. The Methodist and Episcopal denominations merged following a conference in Philadelphia in 1829. d. Frederick Douglass committed a generous grant for the establishment of a black northern church. e. Charles Grandison Finney delivered a series of lectures calling for a black American church.

Q: Which statement describes the status of free people of color during the market revolution? a. They were embraced by northern craft guilds. b. White employers only employed black workers in menial positions. c. They sought opportunities available in the West. d. They suffered economically and thus emigrated to Canadian cities. e. They were increasingly employed as skilled laborers and artisans.

Q: Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau were two prominent members of a. the American Methodist Church. b. the Massachusetts state legislature. c. the transcendentalist movement. d. the early labor movement. e. the nativist movement.

Q: The Book of Mormon states that a. Joseph Smith was divine. b. the second coming of Christ would occur in Europe. c. Native Americans were descended from people from the Middle East. d. Joseph Smiths visions were untrue. e. the market revolution needed more infrastructure to be successful.

Q: Which of the following was a focus of the transcendentalist movement? a. freeing the individual from social constraints b. reforming the American character through education c. organizing factory workers to improve pay and working conditions d. providing safe havens for escaped slaves e. encouraging settlement west of the Mississippi

Q: The men who wrote the Constitution did not envision the active and continuing involvement of ordinary citizens in affairs of state. Describe the various ways in which ordinary citizens became involved in political concerns. Be sure to include how the concepts of liberty and freedom were used (refer to Voices of Freedom) and explain who was excluded from political discourse in the period from 1790 to 1815.

Q: Which of the following was a theme of Henry David Thoreaus Walden? a. the ways in which the market revolution had damaged the natural environment b. a celebration of the American West as a bastion of freedom c. the responsibility each person had to choose between a sinful life and a righteous one d. a condemnation of the selfishness of the wealthy e. the need for legislation to protect workers rights

Q: Women were increasingly coming to believe that they too had the right to knowledge, education, public discourse, and employment. Discuss the various arguments being made in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries by women regarding their changing roles in the new republic.

Q: Henry David Thoreau believed that a. economic independence was essential for freedom. b. genuine freedom lay within the individual. c. the market revolution brought freedom to many. d. true freedom was not obtainable. e. government was the ultimate expression of freedom.

Q: The Sedition Act thrust freedom of expression to the center of discussions of American liberty. Defend this statement. Be sure to include in your response a discussion of the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions.

Q: Which is true of the Second Great Awakening? a. Popular transcendentalist speakers revived interest in Deism. b. The movement was largely confined to the northeastern states. c. Its religious ideals complemented the secular focus on self-reliance and self-improvement. d. It consolidated religious leadership into the hands of a few powerful ministers in each region. e. Its focus on self-restraint and simple living counteracted the force of the market revolution.

Q: In what ways can Thomas Jeffersons presidency be considered a revolution? Did his presidency deliver an Empire of Liberty as he envisioned? Why or why not?

Q: Which was typical of the preaching of Charles Grandison Finney? a. triumphant celebration of the economic success of the American nation b. warnings of the torments of hell and a call to repent c. references to figures and stories from classical Greek literature d. military analogies that characterized each soul as locked in a war with the devil e. a focus on the moral imperative of abolishing slavery

Q: What liberties and freedoms of Americans were being violated by European powers prior to the War of 1812? How did Jefferson and Madison view liberty in terms of British and French behavior on the seas? How did the War Hawks view liberty? Was war the only answer by 1812?

Q: Which denomination enjoyed the largest membership in the United States by the 1840s? a. Methodist b. Roman Catholic c. Quaker d. Presbyterian e. Episcopal

Q: Did the United States really win the War of 1812? Examine the terms of the peace settlement. What happened to the Canadian borderland? What was gained? What was the greater victory for America?

Q: The Second Great Awakening a. promoted the belief that individuals were free to shape their own spiritual destinies. b. conflicted with the communal ethos of the market revolution. c. only appealed to elite Americans. d. reduced the importance of Christianity in American culture. e. refers to the ascendance of Catholicism as the dominant religion in the United States.

Q: Following the purchase of Louisiana, the lives of Louisianas slaves improved somewhat from the brutal conditions they had experienced under the rule of Spain.

Q: George Washington stated that the preservation of the sacred fire of liberty and the destiny of the republican model of government depended on the success of the American experiment in self-government. What does this statement mean? How and why did Americans come to see that freedom was the special genius of American institutions?

Q: The Embargo Act was devastating to the British and French.

Q: Alexander Hamiltons plan called for commercial industrialization, which many Americans viewed positively. Explain why some Americans opposed Hamiltons position. What were some of the alternative plans for development?

Q: By the early 1800s, some members of the Creek and Cherokee tribes were living like white Americans as traders and slaveholders.

Q: Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa tried to revive a pan-Indian movement and unite against the white man.

Q: Free trade and sailors rights were two issues that drew the United States into the War of 1812.

Q: The usefulness of the Lewis and Clark expedition was hampered by their failure to keep written records of what they had seen.

Q: The War of 1812 was a military success for the United States.

Q: Most of the Indians Lewis and Clark encountered on their expedition had never met white people before.

Q: The aftermath of the War of 1812 confirmed the ability of a republican government to conduct a war without surrendering its institutions.

Q: Much of Louisianas population was either slaves or free people of color at the time of the Louisiana Purchase.

Q: As during the American Revolution, the United States attempted invasion of Canada failed during the War of 1812.

Q: The expectation that a defeated party will peacefully cede to the victor was established by John Adams following the election of 1800.

Q: The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 proved to Federalists that democracy in the hands of the ordinary citizenry was dangerous.

Q: Seeing the events as an extension of Americas progress of liberty, Thomas Jefferson supported the Haitian Revolution and the establishment of Haiti as an independent nation in 1804.

Q: The Republican Party of today started in the 1790s.

Q: Slave artisans played a prominent role in Gabriels Rebellion.

Q: The Democratic-Republican Societies were composed mainly of Federalists who were seeking to eliminate differences between the parties and were modeled on the debate clubs of ancient Rome.

Q: Jeffersons presidency was characterized by a commitment to the policies that the Federalists had established.

Q: Newspapers and pamphlets were a primary vehicle for political debate in the early republic.

Q: Jefferson was interested in the Louisiana Territory because he wanted to secure permanent access to the port of New Orleans.

Q: Women were counted fully in determining representation in Congress, and there was nothing specifically limiting womens rights in the Constitution.

Q: The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions resulted from opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts.

Q: Edmond-Charles Genet acted as an agent for Great Britain, trying to gain American support for the British in their war with France.

Q: The Twelfth Amendment required electors to cast separate votes for president and vice president.

Q: Jays Treaty effectively destroyed the American alliance with France.

Q: After the War of 1812, Americans were compensated for lost slaves a. by an international arbitration agreement decided by the Russian tsar. b. by the Treaty of Ghent. c. by Canadian towns buying the slaves freedom. d. by the slaves purchasing their freedom. e. by forcing France to pay Britains debts.

Q: Which of the following was a factor in the decline of the Federalist Party? a. its abolitionist platform b. its lack of funds c. its refusal to participate in the Hartford Convention d. its failure to mobilize voters e. its support of popular self-government

Q: Which of the following was a result of the War of 1812? a. Madisons Republican Party disappeared as a significant political group. b. Andrew Jackson was court-martialed for fighting the British after the war ended. c. Indians became increasingly powerful in the Old Northwest and the South. d. Americans felt ready to go to war again with Europe. e. The United States completed its conquest of the area east of the Mississippi River.

Q: What was a result of the War of 1812? a. The British posed a greater threat to American control of the land east of the Mississippi. b. White settlers fled Indiana, Michigan, Alabama, and Mississippi. c. Indians lost a great deal of land in the South. d. Indians in the Old Northwest gained a great deal of power. e. Andrew Jackson lost popularity.

Q: ___ 1. Gabriel ___ 2. Tecumseh ___ 3. John Marshall ___ 4. John Fries ___ 5. Matthew Lyon ___ 6. Mary Wollstonecraft ___ 7. Benjamin Franklin ___ 8. Toussaint LOuverture ___ 9. Henry Clay ___ 10. Aaron Burr ___ 11. Judith Sargent Murray a. was accused under the Sedition Act b. served as chief justice of the Supreme Court c. was a Haitian slave revolutionary d. organized a slave rebellion in America e. was a Pennsylvania militia leader tried for treason f. served as president of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society g. shot Alexander Hamilton in a duel h. wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman i. acted as a leader of the War Hawks j. argued for equal educational opportunities for women k. led efforts to revive a pan-Indian movement

Q: What happened along the U.S.-Canada border during the Embargo Act of 1807? a. The United States attacked British forts. b. All trade halted between Americans and Canadians. c. The smuggling of goods increased. d. France regained part of Quebec. e. Indians attacked a town in Vermont.