Q&A Hero

Q: Which of the following fits the description of a person most likely to have been accused of witchcraft in seventeenth-century New England? a. a single young man who got along well with all his neighbors and rarely became entangled in community conflicts b. a married woman who normally was subservient to her husband and the community, which made her behavior seem all the more bizarre c. a widowed man who presumably was too lonely or too dependent on the community, and because of this, was easy to ostracize d. a young married woman who laid low, had many children, and engaged little in the public affairs of the town e. a middle-aged woman who was outspoken, economically independent, or estranged from her husband

Q: Why did the accusations of witchcraft in Salem suddenly snowball in 1692? a. The only way to avoid prosecution was to confess and name others in the colony as witches. b. When Tituba testified, the issue became racial and the town divided over the question of equal rights for those who were enslaved. c. All of the accused were children, and Puritans were determined to force their young to accept their religious traditions or face death. d. English leaders had just moved the colonial capital to Salem, resulting in an influx of diverse settlers and upsetting the normally quiet town. e. The colonists refused to take any legal action on the accused witches and relied purely on unofficial trials in individuals homes.

Q: Who finally ended the Salem witch trials? a. the Massachusetts governor b. the local pastor c. Salems judge d. Tituba e. Increase Mather

Q: The Salem Witch Trials of 1692 a. mostly prosecuted men. b. only executed people who admitted they were guilty. c. enhanced colonists confidence in the Massachusetts justice system. d. spurred prominent colonists to seek scientific explanations for natural events. e. led to a decades-long tradition of prosecuting women for witchcraft.

Q: From 1700 to 1776, who was the largest group of people that came to Englands mainland colonies? a. Irish b. Scottish c. Africans d. English e. Germans

Q: The English Bill of Rights of 1689 a. led to the Glorious Revolution because it was so controversial. b. was revoked by James II in his first action upon taking power. c. gave the king far more power than Parliament in response to the Glorious Revolution. d. was the law that formally created the Dominion of New England. e. gave Parliament control over taxation and listed rights of individuals such as trial by jury.

Q: Englands Glorious Revolution of 1688 a. established parliamentary supremacy once and for all. b. abolished the House of Lords. c. established universal suffrage for all adult men. d. made England a Dutch colony. e. resulted in laws that allowed Catholics and Jews to worship freely and hold public office.

Q: In what ways did England reduce colonial autonomy during the 1680s? a. Charles II revoked the charters of all colonies that had violated the Navigation Acts. b. It created the Dominion of New England, run by a royal appointee without benefit of an elected assembly. c. Because Charles II and James II were at least closet Catholics, the colonies no longer could establish churches within their borders. d. The king started appointing all judges. e. It was not reduced at all; this was the era in which colonies achieved autonomy.

Q: Why did Massachusetts have its charter revoked by Charles II? a. The Salem witch trials made a mockery of colonial law. b. Massachusettss opposition to the Glorious Revolution angered Parliament. c. The king planned on living in Massachusetts after fleeing England. d. Charles did not approve of Massachusettss violations of navigation laws. e. Charles wanted to give more colonial power to Plymouth.

Q: What resulted from the disbanding of the Dominion of New England? a. New York and New Jersey were unified. b. West Jersey and East Jersey were created. c. Land was returned to the Iroquois. d. Massachusetts absorbed Plymouth. e. Carolina was divided into two colonies.

Q: The overthrow of James II and the deposing of Governor Edmund Andros set the stage for which of the following conflicts? a. the Glorious Revolution b. Bacons Rebellion c. King Philips War d. the Maryland uprising e. the formation of the Covenant Chain

Q: Which colony had its charter revoked because of mismanagement, according to King William? a. New Hampshire b. Pennsylvania c. Virginia d. New York e. Maryland

Q: Which group made up the bulk of Nathaniel Bacons army? a. Native Americans b. wealthy planters c. Africans d. indentured servants e. discontented men who had recently been servants

Q: Captain Jacob Leisler, the head of the rebel militia that took control of New York in 1689, a. was a close ally of Sir Edmund Andros, who was trying to regain control of the Dominion of New England. b. was overthrown and killed in so grisly a manner that the rivalry between his friends and foes polarized New York politics for years. c. was knighted for his role in supporting the Glorious Revolution. d. sought to impose Catholic rule but was defeated by a Protestant militia in a short but bloody civil war. e. slaughtered so many Native Americans that wars between whites and the remaining tribes kept New York in an uproar for the next two decades.

Q: Why was Jamestown burned to the ground in the seventeenth century? a. the spread of the witch trials b. to contain a smallpox outbreak c. a revolt by Nathanial Bacon d. as revenge for an Indian village destroyed e. as part of the Glorious Revolution

Q: Bacons Rebellion contributed to which of the following in Virginia? a. a large and sustained increase in the importation of indentured servants b. generous payments to Native Americans to encourage them to give up their lands to white farmers c. changes in the political style of Virginias powerful large-scale planters, who adopted a get-tough policy with small farmers and hired their own militia to enforce their will d. the replacing of indentured servants with African slaves on Virginias plantations e. an order from Governor Berkeley that Native Americans could serve in the militia

Q: What was one reason that African slavery replaced indentured servitude as the primary labor source in the late seventeenth century in the Chesapeake colonies? a. The death rate in the American colonies had risen considerably, especially due to harsh winters. b. Bacons Rebellion showed colonial leaders that slaves had been given too much freedom. c. The Royal Africa Company acquired a monopoly on the English slave trade. d. Pennsylvania had been closed off due to a lack of available land there. e. As the economy improved in England, people were less likely to come to the colonies.

Q: The Virginia slave code of 1705 a. simply brought together aspects of the old laws governing slaves and slavery. b. completely rewrote the earlier slave laws. c. embedded the principle of white supremacy into law. d. made clear that slaves were subject to the will of their masters but not to anyone who could not claim ownership of them. e. was the work of Nathaniel Bacon.

Q: Under the new slave code enacted in 1705 by the House of Burgesses, how were slaves classified? a. as an enemy faction, in need of extreme suppression b. as legal equals but social inferiors to free persons c. as indentured servants who could earn their freedom d. as prisoners, guilty of blasphemy e. as property, completely subject to the will of their masters

Q: How did Bacons Rebellion accelerate Virginias shift from using indentured servants to enslaved Africans as the main labor force? a. Most English people went back to England. b. Virginias ruling elite executed all the indentured servants who took part in the rebellion. c. Virginias ruling elite sought to avert a further rise of a rebellious population of landless former indentured servants. d. Bacon had outlawed indentured servitude. e. Virginias ruling elite decided to shift the staple crop from tobacco to sugar.

Q: Which of the following is true of slave resistance in the colonial Chesapeake? a. Despite obstacles, slaves continued to attempt to escape and resist authority. b. Slaves always resorted to violence because there had never been opportunities to appear in court. c. Slaves tended to accept their bondage and lose their appetite for freedom as legal avenues to liberty receded. d. Slaves often ran away because their owners rarely made use of the press to get them back. e. Bloody and deadly rebellions occurred frequently and were the most common forms of resistance.

Q: The Glorious Revolution of 1688 a. resulted mainly from the fears of English aristocrats that the birth of James IIs son would lead to a Catholic succession. b. ended parliamentary rule in Great Britain and solidified the institution of the monarchy until Queen Annes War in 1702. c. was the work of an ambitious Danish prince out to avenge his fathers murder by a British nobleman. d. had no impact on the British colonies in America because politics in Britain and the colonies remained vastly different. e. prompted Scotlands secession from Great Britain and thus a reduction in Scots-Irish immigration to the colonies.

Q: Nathaniel Bacon a. was socially closer to the elite than to the indentured servants who supported him in his revolt against the Virginia governors system of rule. b. was the governor of Virginia and passed a series of laws that caused many Native American groups to rebel to protect their lands. c. won unanimous support for his effort to reduce taxes, but his effort to remove all Native Americans from the colony doomed his rebellion. d. wreaked a good deal of destruction but never succeeded in taking over the colony of Virginia or driving out Governor Berkeley. e. sought to protect Native American groups at all costs because he was worried that angering them would impact trade and, thus, the wider colonial economy.

Q: Bacons Rebellion was prompted by a. the burning of Jamestown by Indians. b. increased slavery in the Chesapeake region. c. the inability of Virginians to settle lands reserved for Indians. d. the creation of the Dominion of New England. e. Leislers Rebellion.

Q: What did the 1664 document Maryland Act Concerning Negroes and Other Slaves stipulate about the children born to slaves? a. They gained their freedom at birth. b. Once they reached adulthood, they became free. c. They were able to gain freedom if they married a freeborn person. d. They were to be slaves for life. e. They were to be sold immediately to Caribbean plantations.

Q: What was the result of the Maryland Act Concerning Negroes and Other Slaves in 1664? a. The act solidified the idea that slavery was perpetual and demonstrated the power of the General Assembly. b. The act symbolized the fact that slavery had begun to decrease in importance in the British colonies. c. The act banned indentured servitude and increased the number of enslaved Africans brought to the colonies. d. The act established a process for freeing slaves and outlawed the enslavement of white women. e. The act encouraged the marriage of freeborn women and slaves in order to increase the number of workers.

Q: According to the excerpt of a Letter by a Female Indentured Servant (September 22, 1756), what did Elizabeth Sprigs most desire? a. better clothing and working conditions b. an end to her unemployment c. improved treatment of blacks d. the right to vote for women and Native Americans e. educational opportunities equal to those of men

Q: Which of the following was true of small farmers in 1670s Virginia? a. The economy was doing so well that even though they made less money than large-scale planters, their problems were too small to justify their rebellion. b. They had access to the best land, but a glut in the tobacco market left them in poverty. c. Their taxes were incredibly lowthe one issue with which they were pleased. d. They could count on the government to help them take over Native American lands and thereby expand their meager holdings. e. The lack of good land, high taxes on tobacco, and falling prices reduced their prospects.

Q: Which of the following is true of slavery in history? a. The English word slavery derives from Slav, reflecting the slave trade in Slavic peoples until the fifteenth century. b. Christians never were enslaved and were the sole group to enslave others. c. The Roman empire outlawed slavery, but it eventually revived, thanks to Columbus. d. Slavery was nonexistent in Africa until the arrival of European slave traders. e. In every culture in which slavery existed, it was based on the needs of large-scale agriculture.

Q: What was one factor that contributed to the unrest that led to Bacons Rebellion? a. Taxes on tobacco were drastically reduced, which led to the shutdown of the colonial government. b. Governor Berkeley refused to allow white settlement in areas reserved for Indians. c. Farmers refused to free any servants, preferring to keep land for themselves. d. The right to vote was extended to all adult men, angering landowners. e. Governor Berkeleys brutal suppression of Indians property rights angered colonists.

Q: In terms of slave systems, how did Native American societies differ from European colonies in America? a. Native American societies never used slaves. b. Native Americans only had African slaves. c. Native American societies used slavery on a small scale. d. Native Americans only enslaved women. e. Native Americans used large-scale plantation slavery.

Q: What is one way plantation slavery in the Americas differed from slavery in previous eras of human history? a. Slavery in the Americas employed a 1:1 ratio of owners to slaves, which made desertion nearly impossible. b. Labor on plantations was far more demanding, and the death rate of enslaved people in the Americas was much higher than in the household slavery common in Africa. c. Prior to plantation slavery, slavery was largely associated with race. d. Slavery was extremely rare before the development of plantation slavery in the Americas. e. Individuals were chosen for field work by their ability to perform complicated tasks.

Q: Which of the following is true of the English West Indies in the seventeenth century? a. By the end of the century, the African population far outnumbered the European population on most islands. b. Mixed economies with small farms worked by indentured servants dominated islands such as Barbados throughout the century. c. Frequent uprisings by African slaves caused the English to abandon the West Indies by the 1680s and to relocate staple crop production to mainland North America. d. The free labor system of the West Indies stood in stark contrast to the slave labor system of the Chesapeake. e. Indentured servants replaced African slaves in the West Indies once the demand for slaves in Carolina drained the African population from the islands.

Q: In the middle of the seventeenth century, a West African slave transported by British ships across the Atlantic was most likely to end up in a. Barbados. b. Maryland. c. Virginia. d. Louisiana. e. Canada.

Q: Which commodity drove the African slave trade in Brazil and the West Indies during the seventeenth century? a. tobacco b. indigo c. silver d. cotton e. sugar

Q: Slavery developed more slowly in North America than in the English West Indies because a. it was a longer trip from Africa to North America, making slavery less profitable. b. planters in Virginia and Maryland agreed that indentured servants were far less troublesome. c. the high death rate among tobacco workers made it economically unappealing to pay more for a slave likely to die within a short time. d. Parliament passed a law in 1643 that gave tax breaks to British West Indian planters who imported slaves but not to American colonists who imported slaves. e. those living in the British West Indies opposed slavery until the American colonies won their independence in the Revolutionary War.

Q: What conclusion may be drawn when comparing slavery in the English colonies to that in Spanish colonies? a. The Spanish colonies in the sixteenth century had refused to allow slavery from the beginning. b. By the eighteenth century, slaves in English colonies had fewer opportunities to gain their freedom. c. The Anglican Church was more likely than the Catholic Church of Spain to demand that slaves be freed. d. Spanish colonies banned slave marriages, whereas the English colonies were more understanding of them. e. After Nathaniel Bacons death, slaves in the English colonies gained more legal recourse in trying to obtain their freedom.

Q: According to laws in the seventeenth-century Chesapeake, a. black men were not permitted to marry white women but black women could marry white men. b. free blacks had the right to sue and testify in court. c. free blacks were not permitted to serve in the militia unless they signed a loyalty oath. d. the sale of any married slave was prohibited. e. the children of enslaved women were free; the status of enslavement was not inherited.

Q: What statement accurately depicts the legal status of people of African descent in the Chesapeake prior to 1660? a. Blacks had rights equal to those of whites. b. Blacks were forbidden all access to the courts. c. Blacks were already rigidly defined as enslaved people. d. Blacks rights were ambiguous, allowing some Africans to become landowners with servants or slaves. e. It was law that only Africans and no English people could work in the tobacco fields.

Q: Which man was once a slave, only to be freed and eventually own slaves himself? a. William Penn b. Anthony Johnson c. Olaudah Equiano d. Robert Carter e. Nathaniel Bacon

Q: What historical evidence demonstrates that blacks were being held as slaves for life by the 1640s? a. Property registers list white servants with the number of years they were to work, but blacks (with higher valuations) had no terms of service associated with their names. b. Transcripts from legislative debates in the House of Burgesses show that Virginia lawmakers were debating whether permanent slave status was a good idea. c. Records of declining tobacco prices show that it had become harder to keep labor, which would have forced planters to turn increasingly to Africans and away from white servants. d. There is none, because slavery did not fully exist in Virginia until after Bacons Rebellion in 1676. e. Advertisements for slaves began appearing in newspapers regularly by 1642.

Q: Which of the following was the result of a Virginia law of 1662 in regard to slavery? a. It increased the access to freedom for blacks by specifying that a childs status of free or slave was determined by who his or her father was. b. It helped enable a rise in indentured servitude over slavery in Virginia, as most enslaved blacks had been wiped out by disease. c. It increased the scope of slavery overall by allowing white indentured servants who had no money to be enslaved for life. d. It encouraged the raping of enslaved women by white men by making the free or enslaved status of the offspring follow that of the mother. e. It decreased the influence of Catholicism in the colonies by allowing slaves who had been converted to the Anglican faith to be freed.

Q: When the Virginia House of Burgesses decreed that religious conversion did not release a slave from bondage a. every other colonial assembly followed suit. b. Governor William Berkeley vetoed the measure, which led to Bacons Rebellion. c. it meant that, under Virginia law, Christians could own other Christians. d. mass protests followed. e. slaves quit attending church.

Q: By 1680, a sharp divergence in the conditions of African and English people in the Chesapeake had emerged. What is an indication of English North Americas transformation from a society with slaves to a slave society? a. Black slaves were listed by terms of service in registers of property. b. In unions between free and enslaved individuals, the status of the offspring followed that of the father. c. The only thing that could release a slave from bondage was religious conversion. d. The words negro and slave had become interchangeable. e. There was a distinctive mulatto, or mixed-race, class, which had more rights than full-black people, but less than whites.

Q: In the early seventeenth century, how did the English generally view humanity? a. as divided into well-defined groups associated with skin color, or races, some of which were superior to others b. as divided between civilized people such as themselves, and savage, pagan, people, such as the Irish, Native Americans, and Africans, all of whom they often compared to animals c. as one big interconnected family thanks to the prevalence of the idea of freedom of religion in the colonies d. as all equally deserving of the right to self-determination and equal rights, no matter their background or class e. as the product of centuries of natural selection and other evolutionary forces, as described by the English scientist Charles Darwin

Q: What happened in the seventeenth century when land ran out for slave plantations in Barbados? a. Slavery quickly ended on this Caribbean island. b. Slave owners expanded into New Orleans. c. England sold the colony to the Dutch. d. Plantation owners acquired landholdings in the Carolinas. e. Most plantation owners converted their estates into shipbuilding companies.

Q: The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina a. were modeled after the Cherokee government. b. permitted only members of the Church of England to worship freely. c. resulted in absolute power over slaves and indentured servants. d. did not allow a headright society. e. wanted only a feudal society and no assembly.

Q: What sparked the 1715 uprising by the Yamasee and Creek peoples against English colonists in Carolina? a. the colonists refusal to trade with the Yamasee and Creek b. an alliance of the Yamasee and Creek with the Iroquois Confederacy c. high debts incurred by the Yamasee and Creek in trade with the English settlers d. the English colonists plans to begin capturing Native Americans to sell as slaves e. a bloody rebellion by African slaves against their masters near Charles Town

Q: William Penn obtained the land for his Pennsylvania colony because a. King Charles I wanted Quakers to have a place where they could enjoy religious toleration. b. he supported the crown during the Glorious Revolution. c. the king wanted to cancel his debt to the Penn family and bolster the English presence in North America. d. he conquered the Swedes and Dutch who previously had controlled the land. e. his invention of what was then called the penncill made him incredibly rich.

Q: What staple was the key to making Carolina an extremely hierarchical society, ruled by the wealthiest elite in English North America? a. wheat b. rice c. potatoes d. tobacco e. sugarcane

Q: William Penns effort to shape Pennsylvania into a colony governed by the principle of equality of all persons was primarily influenced by his a. Puritanism. b. Catholicism. c. Quakerism. d. Mormonism. e. Atheism.

Q: To Quakers, liberty was a. limited to white, landowning men. b. only guaranteed through warfare. c. a universal entitlement. d. extended to women but not to blacks. e. limited to only those who attended religious services.

Q: Pennsylvanias treatment of Native Americans was unique in what way? a. Pennsylvania was the only colony in which efforts at conversion focused on turning Native Americans into Quakers. b. The colony bought all of the land the Native Americans occupied and moved them west of the Appalachians, meaning that Indians were relocated but not decimated. c. Because Quakers were pacifists, they had to bring in militias from other colonies to take over Native American lands. d. Despite their belief in pacifism, Pennsylvanians were determined to exterminate the natives and immediately experienced conflicts with them. e. Pennsylvania purchased Indian land that was then resold to colonists and offered refuge to tribes driven out of other colonies.

Q: What was one of Pennsylvanias only restrictions on religious liberty? a. Settlers could belong to any denomination but had to sign an oath affirming that they would not oppress Quakers. b. Holding office required an oath affirming a belief in the divinity of Jesus Christ, which eliminated Jews from serving. c. Atheists were welcome as long as they promised not to publicly attack religion and still always attended church. d. Church attendance was mandatory, but the state did not specify which type of church or what was considered virtuous. e. Quakers were punished if they refused to engage in community events such as bull-baiting, revels, and other forms of entertainment.

Q: Who in the Pennsylvania colony was eligible to vote? a. everyone, male and female b. a majority of the male population c. all males d. Quakers e. all people of European descent

Q: How did the inexpensive land of the newly formed Pennsylvania colony affect Maryland and Virginia? a. These three colonies fought over their borders and engaged in full-out war to decide their boundaries. b. Now that Pennsylvania attracted many settlers, Maryland and Virginias desperation for laborers created a large, lasting Indian slave trade. c. Maryland and Virginia opened their colonies to more diverse religions so that they could compete with Pennsylvania for colonists. d. Indentured servants became less likely to go to Maryland and Virginia, creating greater demand for slaves. e. Settlers from England still preferred Maryland and Virginia because the soil was far better for farming.

Q: What was key to making the enslavement of Africans an enduring economic and social institution in colonial America? a. Enslaved Africans in the American colonies were far more likely to die from diseases known in Europe than the Native Americans had been and, thus, slave traders constantly needed to replenish their labor source. b. Unlike in Africa, the skin color of enslaved Africans in America made it difficult for them to escape into surrounding society, and slavery became perpetual, as the children of slaves were slaves too. c. The English had long been accepting of alien peoples such as the Irish, Native Americans, and Africans, and the colonists wished to differentiate themselves from England through alternative labor sources. d. Slaves terms of service automatically expired in the American colonies after a decade, so slave traders were compelled to return to Africa again and again to force more Africans aboard slave ships. e. Enslaved Africans in the American colonies could claim the protections of English common law and thus were more likely to stay on the continent when freed or after escaping bondage.

Q: In seventeenth-century England, the main lines of division focused on a. race. b. ethnicity. c. political ideals. d. religion. e. literature.

Q: How did the English conquest of New Netherland affect freedom in the colony? a. Women in New York were now able to conduct business in their own names, which greatly expanded the number of women traders by 1700. b. Black New Yorkers now had expanded access to many skilled jobs, and the number of runaway slaves from the South increased. c. The Duke of York and his appointees withdrew the immense grants of land that the Dutch had awarded to favorite wealthy families. d. The duke declared that the new elected assembly would include at least ten representatives chosen by the Iroquois Confederacy. e. The Charter of Liberties and Privileges established an elections process and reaffirmed traditional English rights such as trial by jury and security of property.

Q: What was one way in which New Englanders who settled in New York impacted the colony in the 1680s? a. They banished the Dutch from the colony and eliminated their influence there. b. They sought to expand opportunities for skilled black workers to increase profits. c. They led the charge for the establishment of one Protestant religion as the official colonial religion. d. They wanted the colony to have an elected assembly, as they had grown accustomed to self-government. e. They eliminated the property requirement for voting and called for increased taxation.

Q: What was the impact of King Philips War? a. All of the Native American tribes in New England united against the colonists, thus delaying their dispossession. b. The war produced a broadening of freedom for whites in New England but resulted in Native Americans losing their lands. c. Native Americans up and down the Eastern Seaboard began rebelling against colonial rule when they saw what happened to their New England counterparts. d. Massachusetts banned all Native Americans from living within its borders following the arrival of the British ruler known as King Philip to the colonies. e. New England colonists grew increasingly sympathetic toward the Native Americans, portraying them as helpless bystanders and establishing protections for them.

Q: The Charter of Liberties and Privileges in New York a. was the work of the Dutch, who did not trust the English to protect their religious freedom. b. resulted especially from displeasure among residents of Manhattan. c. reflected in part an effort by the British to exert their influence and control over the Dutch. d. affirmed religious toleration for all denominations. e. eliminated the property requirement for voting.

Q: Both King Philips War and Bacons Rebellion were conflicts that a. Native Americans ultimately won. b. led to indentured servants gaining more rights. c. slaves started in hopes of gaining their freedom. d. started with disputes over Native American territory. e. involved the spread of Christianity.

Q: According to the economic theory known as mercantilism, a. merchants should control the government because they contribute more than others to national wealth. b. the government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power. c. the government should encourage manufacturing and commerce by keeping its hands off the economy. d. colonies existed as a place for the mother country to send raw materials to be turned into manufactured goods. e. England wanted the right to sell goods in France, but only to non-Catholic buyers.

Q: What did Parliament hope to accomplish through the first English Navigation Act? a. They sought to require the Royal Navy to use Catholic-owned vessels. b. They wanted to find the Northwest Passage. c. They sought to ensure free trade with no regulations. d. They wished to convey their complete rejection of mercantilism. e. They sought to wrest control of world trade from the Dutch.

Q: Enumerated goods a. made up the bulk of items imported into the colonies from abroad. b. were those the English colonies could not produce under the terms of the Navigation Acts. c. created a financial drain on the English government during the seventeenth century. d. were colonial products, such as tobacco and sugar, that first had to be sold in English ports. e. were specifically exempt from Englands mercantilist regulations.

Q: What sparked a new period of colonial expansion for England in the mid-seventeenth century? a. the return of Charles II as king of England b. the creation of the constitutional monarchy through the Glorious Revolution c. the formal end of the slave trade d. the taking of Quebec from France e. the defeat and dissolution of the Iroquois Confederacy

Q: Why was the New York colony known as New York? a. It was named after Henry VIII, who had given the colony as a gift to the Dutch as a symbol of lasting peace. b. It was a British colony that had reinvented itself, replacing its original government with a democracy. c. It was a symbol of the end of a long period of colonial expansion, as the British had not acquired more land in years. d. The arrival of the English in the colonies represented an increasingly new and open attitude toward blacks. e. An Anglo-Dutch war resulted in the British king awarding the colony to his brother, the Duke of York.

Q: How did the Dutch lose New Netherland to England? a. A formal treaty in Europe stipulated that the Dutch would give it up in exchange for military assistance. b. The Duke of York married into the Dutch royal family. c. The Dutch traded the colony back to Indians, who sold it to the English. d. The Dutch saw New York as being on the periphery of their empire, so they didnt protect it. e. Puritans from New England mounted an invasion with the idea of setting up a holy community.

Q: Which of the following was a goal for the English in gaining New Amsterdam and New Netherland from the Dutch? a. to stop the slave trade in North America b. to act as a launching pad for attacks on the French colonies c. to unify royal families d. to obtain land for tobacco farming. e. to stop Catholicism from spreading

Q: When England gained control of New York from the Dutch, what happened to African-Americans? a. The English banned the institution of slavery in their new colony. b. The English introduced the practice of slavery to New York. c. The free black population gained more job opportunities. d. The English moved the free black population to nearby New Jersey. e. Free blacks lost employment opportunities in skilled jobs.

Q: How did the wealthiest families benefit from England gaining control of New Netherland? a. These families controlled most of the colonial slave trade. b. These families controlled millions of acres in New York. c. All of the fur trade business belonged to these families. d. The Iroquois exclusively traded with these families. e. The women in these families did most of the trading.

Q: What was the Covenant Chain? a. The promise James II gave Parliament that he would marry a Protestant princess. b. An agreement between the Dutch and the Mohican Nation that led to the founding of New Netherland. c. A mythical piece of priceless gold jewelry that Europeans wished to acquire from the Iroquois. d. An important Puritan text that spelled out the doctrine of predestination. e. An alliance made between the governor of New York and the Iroquois Confederacy.

Q: How did English rule affect the Iroquois Confederacy? a. After a series of complex negotiations, both groups aided each others imperial ambitions. b. The English temporarily destroyed the Iroquois Confederacy only to revive it later. c. English oppression drove the Iroquois to the side of the French, who eagerly sought their support. d. It enabled the Iroquois to build alliances with other tribes against a common enemy. e. The Iroquois adopted the English constitutional system.

Q: By the end of the seventeenth century, who was most successful at using diplomacy in securing rights to use land? a. Hurons b. Iroquois c. Wampanoags d. Creeks e. Powhatan

Q: For most New Englanders, Indians represented a. savagery. b. teachers. c. curiosities. d. sources of culture. e. survival.

Q: What was a result of King Philips War in the 1670s? a. White New Englanders became increasingly less free because the number of taxes increased. b. Great Britain formed the Dominion of New England to protect Native American land. c. The Native American population now significantly outnumbered the white population. d. In the long run, white New Englanders freedom broadened as their access to land expanded. e. Although most Native American leaders lost power, Metacom grew increasingly powerful.

Q: Which of the following was highly valued by Puritan societies? a. undisciplined natural liberty b. literacy in order to read the Bible c. charity to help the poor d. individual self-expression e. ornate decorations

Q: In what way was Puritan church membership a restrictive status? a. Only those who could prove they had received formal education could be members, because the ability to read and discuss sermons was so highly valued. b. Although all adult male property owners elected colonial officials, only men who were full church members could vote in local elections. c. Only property owners could be full members of the church. d. Full membership required demonstrating that one had experienced divine grace. e. Full membership required that ones parents and grandparents had been church members.

Q: How did most Puritans view the separation of church and state? a. They were so determined to keep them apart that they banned ministers from holding office, fearing that they would enact pro-religious legislation. b. They allowed church and state to be interconnected by requiring each town to establish a church and levy a tax to support the minister. c. The Massachusetts Bay Colony endorsed the Puritan faith but allowed anyone the freedom to practice or not practice religion. d. They had never heard of the concept before local native leaders introduced them to the practice. e. They invented and successfully enacted the concept, but their efforts ultimately fell apart when Parliament refused to send them written permission.