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Q:
Explain the chapters title: A New World. What was new? Is new an appropriate term? Does perspective play a role in calling the Americas new? Be sure to comment on whether freedom was new in this New World.
Q:
Compare Indian society with that of the Europeans. What differences were there? Similarities? Be sure to include in your analysis ideas about religion, land, and gender roles as well as notions of freedom.
Q:
The Dutch prided themselves on their devotion to liberty. Explain what kinds of liberties and freedoms the Dutch recognized that other nations, such as Spain, did not. How did these notions of freedom affect the development of their North American empire? Be sure to include the Indians and slaves in your discussion.
Q:
The sophistication and diversity of the peoples in the early Americas is remarkable. Explore that diversity in an essay that discusses early Native American culture, architecture, religion, gender relations, economy, and views of freedom.
Q:
The Spanish had a long history of conquering in the name of God. From the Reconquista to the conquistadores to the settlement of the New World, Spain justified its conquests as a mission to save the souls of heathenswhile putting them to work in subhuman conditions. Explore this paradox of conquering and killing in the name of saving. Remember to think about what else was going on in the world at that time with regard to the Protestant Reformation and the Inquisition.
Q:
What was a borderland? Compare the roles the French, Dutch, and Indians played in the borderlands of North America. In the seventeenth century, did any group have an advantage? Explain your answer.
Q:
Like the Spanish, the French often intermarried with the Indians, resulting in mixed-race children.
Q:
The Dutch were the first Europeans to build a permanent settlement on Manhattan Island.
Q:
The Dutch invented the joint stock company, which contributed to the development of modern capitalism.
Q:
Slaves in New Netherland were treated worse than slaves in the West Indies.
Q:
In New Netherland, the Dutch were intolerant of diverse religious practices and issued an edict that all had to convert to the Dutch Reformed Church.
Q:
Many Dutch identified with American Indians as fellow victims of Spanish oppression.
Q:
The Dutch and French were unaware of each others settlements in North America.
Q:
By 1550, the Spanish empire in the New World exceeded the ancient Roman empire in size.
Q:
Despite their monarchy back in Spain, the Spanish colonies had elected assemblies.
Q:
Martin Luther stated that only priests and other Catholic clergy should be allowed to read and interpret the Bible.
Q:
Europeans arrived in North America and South America with the attitude that their culture was superior to that of the various indigenous groups.
Q:
Spains attitude that Christianity was superior to other religions contributed to both the expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Spain and the collapse of Native American societies in the New World.
Q:
The Spanish aim was to exterminate or remove the Indians from the New World.
Q:
Inspired by tales of golden cities, the Spanish mounted explorations of the present-day US. Southwest.
Q:
In History of the Indies, Bartolome de las Casas purposefully omitted any mention of the story of the Native Americans.
Q:
When the Edict of Nantes, which had granted religious toleration to French Protestants (Huguenots), was revoked in 1685, 100,000 Huguenots fled France for New France.
Q:
Columbuss first voyage reached the Bahamas in 1492.
Q:
Columbus established the first permanent settlement on Hispaniola in 1502.
Q:
Johannes Gutenbergs printing press allowed news of Columbuss explorations to spread quickly.
Q:
In conquering the Aztec empire, Hern n Cort s and his small Spanish army were aided by thousands of soldiers who had been subjects of the Aztecs.
Q:
The catastrophic decline in the native populations of Spanish America was mostly due to the fact that they were not immune to European diseases.
Q:
Before the arrival of Europeans, Plains Indians rode small horses to hunt buffalo.
Q:
For Indians, generosity was among the most valued social qualities.
Q:
All Indian tribes were patrilineal.
Q:
Christian liberty meant to be free from sin.
Q:
The development of the idea of Christian liberty resulted in colonial societies characterized by unwavering religious toleration and acceptance.
Q:
Under English law, women held many legal rights and privileges.
Q:
Zheng Hes voyages reached as far west as Africa.
Q:
Portuguese seafarers initially hoped to locate African gold.
Q:
The Spanish were the first to sail down the western coast of Africa, establishing trading posts called factories.
Q:
African society did not practice slavery before Europeans came.
Q:
The Spanish Reconquista required that all Muslims and Jews convert to Catholicism or leave Spain immediately.
Q:
Agriculture started in the Americas in Mexico and the Andes around 9,000 years ago.
Q:
The mound builders were a sophisticated ancient peoples living in the American Southwest.
Q:
The Zuni, Hopi, and their earlier ancestors were dependent on canals and irrigation for farming.
Q:
The Chaco Canyon structure built between CE 900 and 1200 was bigger than any structure in British colonial America.
Q:
Which of the following is true of freedom in New Netherland?
a. The colonys elected assembly enjoyed greater rights of self-government than any English colonial legislative body.
b. The Dutch commitment to liberty prompted the colony to ban slavery there.
c. Religious intolerance led the Dutch to ban all Jewish peoples from the colony.
d. Of all the colonies in the New World, New Netherland required the longest period of service from indentured servants.
e. Married women retained a legal identity separate from that of their husbands.
Q:
Which of the following statements accurately describes religion in New Netherland?
a. Religious conflict plagued this colony more than other European colonies.
b. Like Holland, the colony lacked an official religion.
c. Attendance remained mandatory at the Dutch Reformed Church.
d. The government tolerated the practice of religion in private.
e. The government of the colony championed modern ideas of religious freedom.
Q:
As governor of New Netherland, Petrus Stuyvesant
a. welcomed all religious faiths to the colony.
b. favored Catholics over Jews in New Amsterdam.
c. encouraged the Dutch colonists to convert the Indians.
d. saw women as equals in the Dutch Reformed Church.
e. refused the open practice of religion by Quakers and Lutherans.
Q:
Patroonship in New Netherland
a. was a great success, bringing thousands of new settlers to the colony.
b. meant that shareholders received large estates for transporting tenants for agricultural labor.
c. was like a system of medieval lords.
d. led to one democratic manor led by Kiliaen van Rensselaer.
e. involved joint Dutch and Indian control of farmland.
Q:
In their relations with Native Americans, the Dutch
a. sought to imitate the Spanish.
b. concentrated more on economics than religious conversion.
c. tried to drive Native Americans into the Puritan colony.
d. avoided warfare at all costs.
e. called them members of a deceitful race.
Q:
In regard to history, what was a borderland?
a. a defined boundary between nations
b. the area around the coastline
c. an area exclusively designated as a no-trade zone
d. an exclusively unsettled area
e. an unclear geographical and cultural border
Q:
What served as an example of a borderlands area in colonial America?
a. the Carolina coastline
b. Natchez
c. Plymouth
d. the Great Lakes
e. Chaco Canyon
Q:
How does Eric Foner justify characterizing America in the early colonial period as made up of borderlands?
a. Boundaries between empires were fixed.
b. Europeans established authority quickly and easily.
c. Hybrid cultures developed.
d. Native people did not resist conquest.
e. Native people were unwilling to trade with settlers.
Q:
___ 1. Christopher Columbus
___ 2. Hern n Cort s
___ 3. Adam Smith
___ 4. Amerigo Vespucci
___ 5. John Cabot
___ 6. Pedro Cabral
___ 7. Bartolom de Las Casas
___ 8. Samuel de Champlain
___ 9. Juan Ponce de L on
___ 10. Vasco da Gama
___ 11. Johannes Gutenberg
___ 12. Zheng He
a. claimed Brazil for Portugal in 1500
b. founded Quebec in 1608
c. was an Italian who sailed for Spain in 1492
d. was a Dominican priest who preached against Spanish abuses of Indians
e. was a British economist who wrote The Wealth of Nations
f. was a Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztecs
g. sailed around southern Africa and into the Indian Ocean
h. was the namesake of America
i. was the first European to discover Newfoundland in 1497
j. explored Florida
k. led seven large naval expeditions in the early 1400s
l. developed a movable-type printing press
Q:
___ 1. Columbian Exchange ___ 2. coverture ___ 3. m tis ___ 4. mestizos ___ 5. Santa Elena ___ 6. criollos ___ 7. Black Legend ___ 8. patroons ___ 9. matrilineal ___ 10. hacienda ___ 11. caravel ___ 12. Pueblo Revolt a. signifies a society centered on the mothers family b. was the image of Spain as a uniquely brutal and exploitative colonizer c. was an uprising against Spanish colonists in New Mexico d. was the name given to Dutch landowners of large estates e. was a large-scale farm owned by a Spanish landlord f. was the name given to persons of mixed Spanish and Indian origin g. was the name given to children of French traders and Indian women h. was a married woman surrendering her legal identity i. was the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the New and Old Worlds j. was a Spanish settlement in South Carolina k. was a person born in the Spanish colonies of European ancestry l. was a type of ship capable of traveling long distances
Q:
Europeans traded with Muslims in North Africa and Eurasia for centuries before they sailed to the Americas.
Q:
People from Asia who came to North America used multiple migration paths.
Q:
Which European country dominated international commerce in the early seventeenth century?
a. France
b. the Netherlands
c. Britain
d. Spain
e. Portugal
Q:
Which European city was known in the early seventeenth century as a haven for persecuted Protestants from all over Europe and even for Jews fleeing Spain?
a. Amsterdam
b. Geneva
c. Marseilles
d. London
e. Brussels
Q:
A seventeenth-century colonial woman who believed she was cheated out of money would have the best chance of having her case heard if she lived in
a. New Amsterdam.
b. Mexico City.
c. Jamestown.
d. Quebec.
e. Santa Fe.
Q:
People from ________ were most likely to go to other European countries or rival colonies before settling in one of their own ________ colonies.
a. England; English
b. the Netherlands; Dutch
c. Portugal; Portuguese
d. France; French
e. Spain; Spanish
Q:
Which of the following statements imparts one of the main ideas of Bartolom de las Casass History of the Indies (1528)?
a. Casas celebrated the sense of respect the Native Americans and Spanish showed one another as trade partners.
b. Casas rewrote history such that the Spanish had controlled the West Indies since the beginning of time.
c. Casas laments how the Spanish continually treated Native Americans with violence and like slaves.
d. Casas condemned the tendency of Native Americans to hold the Spanish in captivity.
e. Casas insisted that any destruction of Native American communities by the Spanish was highly contained.
Q:
What was in the Declaration of Josephe?
a. He described how Pueblos lived harmoniously with the Spanish.
b. He discussed the importance of the Catholic faith to his tribe.
c. He asserted how his tribe had rejected Christianity from the beginning.
d. He described how his attempt to convert other tribes had failed.
e. He declared that the God of the Spaniards was dead.
Q:
Frances relations with Native American tribes can be described as a marriage of necessity because
a. Native Americans were needed to mine for gold.
b. tobacco was the cash crop for the French.
c. very few French came to North America.
d. Native Americans rejected Christianity.
e. the Spanish had much better relations with Native Americans in North America.
Q:
How did French involvement in the fur trade change life for Native Americans?
a. It didnt; Native Americans were already hunting beaver and buffalo for their skins.
b. Native Americans benefited economically but were able to avoid getting caught in European conflicts and rivalries.
c. The French were willing to accept Native Americans into colonial society.
d. The English and French quests for beaver pelts prompted a surge in the Native American population.
e. It forced Native Americans to learn new trapping techniques that were far superior to their old ways.
Q:
French colonizers in New France
a. treated native Indian people much less humanely than the Spanish and English did.
b. brought Protestantism to Quebec.
c. sent many more emigrants to the Western Hemisphere than England.
d. established the most enduring alliances between settlers and Indians in colonial North America.
e. established hundreds of slave plantations.
Q:
Which of the following was true of French and Indian relations?
a. Indians were dependent on the French to trap animals for the fur trade.
b. French settlers were more likely to be attracted to the Indians way of life than vice versa.
c. Indians often asked traders to send them to Paris and other French cities.
d. French traders often enslaved Indian women and children, sparking wars with the Indians.
e. French settlers taught Indians how to grow corn and squash.
Q:
Why did French and Dutch settlers seek peaceful relations with local Indians?
a. French and Dutch settlers depended on trade alliances with Native Americans.
b. French and Dutch settlers believed Native American Indian culture was superior and sought to emulate it.
c. French and Dutch settlers were determined to openly celebrate all religions, even those of the Indians.
d. French and Dutch settlers believed Indians would work harder on their farms if they were treated with respect.
e. French and Dutch settlers held it as their duty to spread democracy to the native inhabitants of North America.
Q:
Unlike Spanish missionaries, which of the following was true of the Jesuits in regard to converting Indians?
a. The Jesuits did not suppress traditional Indian religious customs.
b. The Jesuits converted Indians to Protestant faiths instead of Catholicism.
c. The Jesuits rarely had success with their conversions.
d. The Jesuit conversion methods went against the directives of Samuel de Champlain.
e. The Jesuits used methods that destroyed French and Indian relations.
Q:
As early as 1615, the ________ people of present-day southern Ontario and upper New York State forged a trading alliance with the French, and many of them converted to Catholicism.
a. Pequot
b. Lenni Lenape
c. Iroquois
d. Cherokee
e. Huron
Q:
Henry Hudson
a. set sail into the bay that bears his name as a representative of the British empire.
b. was searching for the Pacific coast.
c. hoped to find the Northwest Passage to Asia.
d. set up a Dutch colony based on the idea of consent of the governed.
e. was the architect of the Dutch overseas empire.
Q:
The Dutch settled New Netherland
a. on the gulf coast of what later became Florida.
b. along the St. Lawrence River in Quebec.
c. along the Hudson River, which later became New York State.
d. on the Pacific coast of what later became California.
e. on the island later known as Newfoundland.
Q:
After being severely weakened by a smallpox epidemic, the Hurons nearly disappeared due to attacks by whom?
a. the French
b. the Dutch
c. Algonquian tribes
d. the Iroquois
e. the English
Q:
In 1608, who founded Quebec?
a. Jacques Marquette
b. Ren -Robert Cavelier
c. Sieur de La Salle
d. Louis Joliet
e. Samuel de Champlain.
Q:
Why did Indians exercise more power in their relations with the French and the Dutch compared to the English?
a. The French and Dutch settlements were more dependent on Indians as trading partners than were the English.
b. The Indians in the French and Dutch colonies were more likely to be immune to European diseases.
c. The Indians in New England had no interest in trading with English settlers there and vice versa.
d. The first French and Dutch settlements, unlike the English settlements, never failed and were long-lasting.
e. The French and Dutch, unlike the English, never allowed indentured servants to come to America.
Q:
Which of the following statements accurately describes life in New France?
a. The colony benefited from publicity that focused on the favorable weather and the kindness of its inhabitants.
b. The colony, which the crown had envisioned as a center for Protestantism, became a refuge for French Huguenots.
c. France encouraged significant emigration, so the colonys population became the largest in North America.
d. Women outnumbered men in the first few decades and gained a remarkable number of rights as a result.
e. After finishing their contracts, most indentured servants in New France returned to France.
Q:
The New Laws of 1542
a. led Protestant Europeans to create the Black Legend about Spanish rule in the Americas.
b. introduced the encomienda system.
c. were adopted at the urging of Gonzalo Pizzaro, brother of Perus conqueror.
d. stated that Indians would no longer be enslaved in Spanish possessions.
e. forbade the enslavement of Africans in New Spain.
Q:
The Black Legend described
a. the Aztecs view of Cort s.
b. English pirates along the African coast.
c. Spain as a uniquely brutal colonizer.
d. Portugal as a vast trading empire.
e. Indians as savages.
Q:
What was the significance of Puerto Rico during Spanish exploration?
a. It was where the Indians revolted and booted out the Spanish.
b. It was rare among European colonies in that it had gold.
c. It later broke away from Spain and became an independent nation.
d. Under Spanish rule, slavery was outlawed and all residents had equal rights.
e. Natives in this colony were immune to European diseases.
Q:
Where was the first permanent Spanish colony in what is now the United States?
a. Jamestown, Virginia
b. St. Augustine, Florida
c. on the island of Puerto Rico
d. Plymouth, Massachusetts
e. Santa Fe, New Mexico
Q:
Who explored the Great Plains in the 1500s, but was considered a failure because he failed to find gold?
a. Jacques Marquette
b. Samuel Champlain
c. Francisco V squez de Coronado
d. Juan Rodr guez Cabrillo
e. Pedro Men ndez de Avil s
Q:
Which of the following is true of Spains explorations of the New World?
a. Individual conquistadores always traveled alone.
b. Spanish exploration parties suffered greatly from disease.
c. Florida was the first region in the present-day continental United States that Spain colonized.
d. Spain sought to forestall Portuguese incursions into the New World.
e. Spains explorations had no impact on the size of the Native American population.
Q:
Where was the Spanish settlement Santa Elena located?
a. Florida
b. Texas
c. New Mexico
d. Virginia
e. South Carolina