Q&A Hero

Q: Which of the following statements about computer-assisted instruction (CAI) is false? A. Childrens academic performance increased significantly when they used CAI in cooperative learning groups rather than individually. B. CAI can be used to enhance memorization skills. C. CAI eliminates the need for teacher monitoring. D. CAI is the only way some children with visual and hearing impairments can be included in the regular classroom.

Q: Which of the following parents is most likely to involved in his or childs school? A. Martin, the single father of a ninth-grader B. Lucia, the college-educated a first-grader C. Louis, a low-income father of a sixth-grader D. Christina, the Spanish-speaking mother a high school student

Q: In studies of teacher attitudes toward included students, researchers have found four attitudinal categories. Which category describes students who receive a larger share of positive interactions than their classmates, and who are pushed by their teachers to do their best? A. attachment B. concern C. indifferent D. rejection

Q: Regarding parental involvement in school, which of the following statements is false? A. Parental involvement can lead to negative effects if it focuses mainly on academic or behavioral problems. B. Parental involvement can help parents gain confidence in their own parenting abilities. C. Rates of parental involvement are higher for older children than for younger children. D. The organization of schools and teacher attitudes sometimes discourage parental involvement.

Q: Mr. Gower focuses on the following instructional methods in his teaching: scaffolding, mastery learning, direct instruction, and learning centers. Gowers teaching activities would be classified as primarily: A. teacher-directed. B. self-directed. C. peer directed. D. inclusive.

Q: Recent surveys suggest that parental involvement in elementary school is most likely to be in the form of: A. attending a conference with the childs teacher. B. attending a general school meeting (e.g. PTO). C. attending a school event, like a play or ceremony. D. acting as a volunteer or serving on a committee.

Q: One of your students continues to act innappropriately in class in an effort to attract the attention of his peers. In order to avoid reinforcing this behavior, you should consider adopting which of the following strategies? A. ignoring the students outbursts and attending only to the her positive behavior B. modeling appropriate ways of getting anothers attention C. both of these D. neither of these

Q: As the principal of an elementary school, you want to help your students parents be more involved in school. Using Joyce Epsteins model, you decide to target Type 4 involvement. This will involve all but which of the following? A. creating family literacy and math programs B. taking annual surveys of parents to identify talents and needs C. providing information on homework policies D. running programs to provide parents with information on the skills required in all subject areas at each grade

Q: You have a student in your classroom whose interactions with you and with her peers are symptomatic of a negative self-perception. Which of the following strategies would be most likely to improve the this students self-concept? A. using frequent and specific positive reinforcement B. designing tasks and activities that allow the student to demonstrate her strengths C. breaking tasks down into smaller, manageable units D. all of these

Q: Compare and contrast child-rearing values and practices for the following cultural groups: African American, Hispanic American, Asian American, Native American. In what ways do cultural differences influence the classroom setting?

Q: Describe four parenting styles, including their typical effects on childrens development. Compare and contrast inductive versus power-assertion discipline techniques. Based on the research presented in the text, what are the most effective parenting and discipline styles?

Q: Explain the nature and prevalence of four types of child maltreatment. What factors contribute to the development of violence against children? What is your responsibility as a teacher if you suspect a child is being maltreated? What special challenges might you face as a teacher with an abused student?

Q: Assume you are a school administrator charged with the task of increasing parental involvement in your districts schools (elementary, middle, and secondary). Describe the program you will develop to complete this task. Be sure to include a discussion of the benefits of parental involvement in your answer.

Q: Which of the following is not one of the six categories of childrens learning and development that make up the Developmental Pathways Panel? A. the cognitive B. the psychological C. the spiritual D. the physical

Q: Comers Schoold Development Program (SDP) and Ziglers School of the 21st Century school reform models are most closely associated with which perspective on human development? A. psychoanalytic B. ecological C. behaviorist D. biological

Q: Researchers found that, when asked to identify the qualities of a good teacher, elementary and middle school students: A. cited lax disciplinary standards. B. cited effective pedagogy. C. cited positive interpersonal qualities (e.g., caring, warm). D. cited both effective pedagogy and positive interpersonal qualities.

Q: Teachers competent to work with a diverse group of students are likely to do all of the following except: A. emphasize academic instruction. B. actively enjoy their work. C. provide specific feedback on correct and incorrect answers. D. provide students with tasks likely to be too difficult for them to teach them how to handle failure.

Q: As a new teacher hoping to foster a development-driven achievement culture in your classroom, you are likely to do all the following except: A. groups students together on the basis of their demonstrated ability. B. emphasize complex thinking skills. C. group students together on the basis of their interests. D. hold high expectations of all your students.

Q: Eleanor is the type of parent who sets rules, disciplines harshly, and expects her children to follow the rules. She demonstrates little warmth with her children. Eleanors style would best be described as: A. authoritarian. B. authoritative. C. permissive-indulgent. D. permissive-indifferent.

Q: About what percentage of children age 5 to 12 years are latchkey children? A. 6 percent B. 15 percent C. 24 percent D. 37 percent

Q: In Maccoby and Martins (1983) model of parenting styles, a permissive-indulgent parent is one who is ______ on control and ______ on responsiveness. A. high/low B. low/high C. low/low D. high/high

Q: Research suggests that the _____ parenting style has the most positive outcomes in terms of childrens development. A. permissive-indulgent B. permissive-indifferent C. authoritarian D. authoritative

Q: Twelve-year-old Rebeccas parents provide general guidelines for acceptable behavior, while Rebecca makes her own decisions about everyday choices and behaviors. This mutual control of Rebeccas behavior is referred to as: A. coregulation. B. authoritarian parenting. C. permissiveness. D. autonomy.

Q: Sixteen-year-old Shaun is most likely to experience what type of relationship with his parents? A. Shauns parents control and regulate his behavior. B. Shaun shifts toward autonomy, with some renegotiation of his and his parents roles. C. Shaun and his parents coregulate Shauns behaviors and actions. D. Control of Shauns behavior is shared by him and his parents.

Q: Compared to later-born children, first-born children tend to be all but which of the following? A. high achieving B. obedient C. popular with peers D. conforming

Q: John is raised in a family whose culture values harmony and connectedness. His entire community plays a role in raising John. In addition, John is expected to demonstrate great respect for his cultures history and his communitys elders. Which cultural group is John most likely from? A. Asian American B. Native American C. Hispanic American D. African American

Q: Emily is an only child. In comparison to children with siblings, Emily is likely to: A. be just as socially competent. B. have higher levels of self-esteem. C. be spoiled and selfish. D. be just as socially competent and have higher levels of self-esteem.

Q: Parenting practices in which cultural group emphasize patience, perseverance, restraint, and humility? A. Asian American B. Native American C. Hispanic American D. African American

Q: You notice that one of your students regularly comes to school with dirty clothes and poor hygiene. He rarely brings lunch or has the money to buy it at school. Which type of child maltreatment is it likely this child is experiencing? A. physical abuse B. neglect C. sexual abuse D. emotional maltreatment

Q: Comparing different cultural groups, which of the following is least likely to emphasize conformity and duty? A. Asian American B. Native American C. Hispanic American D. African American

Q: Regarding child maltreatment, which of the following statements is false? A. Psychological abuse is the most common type of maltreatment. B. Child abuse is associated with poverty, poor education, and social isolation. C. Younger children are at greater risk for child abuse than older children. D. Handicapped and stepchildren have a higher risk for becoming victims of maltreatment.

Q: Which child is most likely to live with a grandparent? A. Andre, who is African American B. Brittany, who is Hispanic American C. Chloe, who is white D. Joseph, who is Asian American

Q: As a teacher, which of the following would serve as a general indicator of possible child abuse and neglect in one of your students? A. physical injuries B. behavioral problems C. sudden changes in academic performance D. all of these

Q: Christian demonstrates a great deal of affection and empathy toward his son, Sean. Sean, in turn, engages in prosocial behaviors and has high moral standards. Which parenting characteristic does Christians behavior reflect? A. control and discipline B. responsiveness C. warmth D. familialism

Q: As a future teacher, you have ______ responsibility to report suspected child abuse. A. an ethical B. a legal C. both an ethical and a legal D. neither an ethical nor a legal

Q: Research suggests that those parents who notice their childrens signals, interpret them appropriately, and respond in a sensitive manner tend to have children who have: A. greater social competence. B. higher cognitive functioning. C. more rapid language development. D. all of these

Q: The effects of divorce on a child are: A. straightforward; children experience negative consequences from divorce that are often demonstrated in school. B. related to the custodial parents income. C. influenced by the level of conflict between parents and the quality of parent provided. D. unrelated to the childs age and sex.

Q: About what percentage of parents in the United States report having spanked their child? A. less than 10 percent B. about one-third C. about two-thirds D. more than 90 percent

Q: Regarding blended families, which of the following statements is false? A. The closer the parents relationship in remarried families, the more resentment the children display. B. Compared with children in first marriages, children in stepfamilies appear to experience more adjustment problems. C. Over time, the presence of a stepfather tends to improve well-being in girls, while boys tend to be less warm and responsive toward stepfathers. D. Remarriage often provides additional resources for promoting healthy development of children.

Q: Which of the following statements regarding corporal punishment is false? A. Boys generally experience more corporal punishment than girls. B. Corporal punishment, when used judiciously, is an effective form of discipline. C. About one-third of parents of infants use spanking as a method of discipline. D. The frequency of corporal punishment is affected by factors like parental age, ethnicity, and social class.

Q: Sandra is concerned about the possible negative effects of her employment on her childrens development. Based on research, which of the following statements is a warranted concern? A. If Sandras employment leads to decreased monitoring of her childrens activities, then there may be negative effects. B. Sandras employment is likely to decrease the rate of her childrens cognitive development, particularly if she uses a day care center for the majority of their care. C. Sandras employment will negatively affect her infants development, but not the development of her older children. D. Sandras employment will lead her children to be more dependent on her because she will not be around as often to fulfill their needs.

Q: Bradley attempts to influence his childrens behavior by using commands and imperatives. He is often found to be saying, because I said so. Which discipline technique best describes Bradleys style? A. power assertion B. corporal punishment C. induction D. simpatia

Q: The corporal punishment of children is illegal in all of the following countries except: A. Israel B. Norway C. Austria D. the United States

Q: The mother of one of your students has asked you for advice. She is trying to get her child to make her bed every morning. Based on available research, what should you tell this parent? A. Spank the child when she does not make the bed. B. Give the child time outs when she fails to make the bed. C. Give the child lots of praise when she makes the bed. D. Tell her, Make your bed, or else!

Q: Jeff is looking for a high-quality day care center for his 3-year-old daughter. What should Jeff be looking for in his visits to various centers? A. well-trained and experienced staff members B. high staff turnover C. high ratio of children to caregivers D. all of these

Q: Describe childrens development of social understanding in each of the following periods: early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence. Explain how the school setting as well as individual teacher behavior influences the development of social understanding.

Q: One of the problems with research on single-parent families is that: A. the research tends to focus on negative outcomes for children due to the stigma attached to this family style. B. most studies focus on the effects of female-headed households. C. both of these D. neither of these

Q: Compare and contrast the positive and negative influences of peers on childrens development. What contributes to a child being popular, rejected, or neglected? What strategies could you implement as a teacher to enhance peer relationships in your classroom?

Q: Which of the following statements regarding gay and lesbian families is false? A. Compared to heterosexual couples, lesbian couples share parenting more equally and favor less traditional sex-role socialization for their children. B. In general, gay parents and heterosexual parents are more similar than different. C. Compared to children of heterosexual parents, children of gay and lesbian parents tend to exhibit poorer relationships with peers. D. Children of homosexual parents resemble children of heterosexual parents on measures of social competence and moral judgment.

Q: Describe the various types of aggression used by children in the school setting. What are the causes of aggression in children and adolescents? What can schools do to help children reduce their aggressive behavior and increase their prosocial behaviors?

Q: Which of the following statements regarding African American families in the United States is true? A. African American child-rearing practices tend to emphasize the importance of conformity and passiveness. B. Compared to whites, African Americans tend to place less emphasis on interpersonal relationships, having few extended households. C. African American families have become more diverse in composition and structure than white families. D. The majority of African American children live in two-parent households.

Q: Compare and contrast the nature of peer relations and friendships in each of the following periods: early childhood, middle childhood, early adolescence, late adolescence.

Q: You plan to teach in a multicultural school environment. Comparing the families of your African American students to white students, you are likely to find: A. that African American students come from families who emphasize childrearing practices that encourage assertiveness and independence. B. that white students families emphasize egalitarian division of labor in their homes. C. both of these D. neither of these

Q: Describe Kohlbergs theory of moral development. What was Gilligans contribution to the study of moral development? What can a teacher do to promote moral development in the classroom?

Q: The school to which you have been assigned is primarily Hispanic in composition. You can expect that the majority of Hispanic students will be of ______ origin. A. Puerto Rican B. Mexican C. South American D. Cuban

Q: ______ are the social unit primarily responsible for the socialization of children. A. Schools B. Peer groups C. Families D. Churches

Q: Racquel is a Mexican adolescent who is empathetic and sensitive to conflict in her social relationships. Which cultural value has Racquels family emphasized? A. socialization B. familialism C. simpatia D. coregulation

Q: Regarding socialization, which school of thought suggests that successful childrearing is a matter of managing childrens learning experiences so that proper behavior is strengthened and problem behavior is extinguished? A. psychoanalytic theory B. attachment theory C. humanism D. behaviorism

Q: Most child development theorists today view family relationships as: A. part of a highly complex system. B. mutual and reciprocal. C. both of these D. neither of these

Q: Vreens parents meet with his teachers to develop a plan to address his academic problems in school. According to Bronfenbrenner, this interaction is an example of a: A. mesosystem. B. exosystem. C. microsystem. D. macrosystem.

Q: As a future teacher, your involvement with students will most often be at which level of Bronfenbrenners ecological model? A. chronosystem B. exosystem C. macrosystem D. microsystem

Q: The particular configuration of people who live together in a family unit is usually referred to as the: A. socialization structure. B. socialization unit. C. family structure. D. chronosystem.

Q: In 2000, about what percentage of children under 18 years of age lived with one parent? A. 11 percent B. 27 percent C. 35 percent D. 41 percent

Q: Which family is most likely to have the lowest median family income? A. Alice, a single mother with one child B. Barnabas, a single father with one child C. Clarice and Rudolph, a married couple with one child D. none of these; there are few differences in median income based on family structure

Q: Which of the following statements regarding teenage pregnancy and parenthood is false? A. Over the last several years, the teenage pregnancy rates in the U.S. have been declining. B. Factors thought to contribute to the likelihood of a teenage girl becoming a mother are more common among African Americans and Hispanic Americans. C. Programs that provide child care and parenting classes for teenage parents have not shown much promise. D. Developmental and cognitive delays are more common among children of younger mothers.

Q: What percentage of single-parent families are headed by single fathers? A. 85 B. 22 C. 14 D. 5

Q: The purpose of service leaning is to: A. foster positive youth development. B. effect positive changes for community recipients. C. train students to work in the service professions. D. foster positive youth development and effect positive changes for community recipients.

Q: Regarding typical outcomes for children from single-parent families, which of the following statements is true? A. Children from single-parent families tend to have less success in school and educational attainment. B. Girls from single-parent families report earlier onset of sexual activity and higher rate of teenage pregnancy. C. When children from single-parent families are given increased responsibilities that are not excessive, the often develop a stronger sense of self-efficacy and greater maturity. D. all of these

Q: As a teacher, you have noticed patterns in how your students relate with their peers. In your class you notice that peer groups tend to be organized by race and sex. There is quite a bit of peer conformity, and you have begun to see cliques form. What grade do you teach? A. kindergarten B. third grade C. seventh grade D. eleventh grade

Q: Friendships are characterized by closeness and self-disclosure in: A. late adolescence. B. early adolescence. C. middle childhood. D. early childhood.

Q: Sociodramatic play is an important arena for the development of friendships between the ages of: A. 3 and 5. B. 6 and 10. C. 10 and 14. D. 14 and 20.

Q: Which teacher is likely to see the highest amount of conformity to peer norms and expectations among their students? A. Andrea, who teaches preschool B. Burt, who teaches second grade C. Colette, who teaches seventh grade D. Doug, who teaches tenth grade

Q: In the school setting, ______ are reputation-based collectives of similarly stereotyped individuals who may or may not spend much time together. A. friends B. crowds C. cliques D. peers

Q: Paul is a tenth-grader who does average work at school. Like the majority of the other students at his school, Paul attends social events for fun and doesnt encounter many problems. To which adolescent crowd does Paul belong? A. Jocks B. Loners C. Brains D. Normals

Q: Which of the following statements regarding homosexual youth is false? A. About 2 million adolescents in the United States are gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender. B. Because of increased societal acceptance of homosexuality, schools are a relatively safe place for gay and lesbian youth. C. Schools are legally responsible for protecting gay youth from sexual harassment. D. Gay and lesbian adolescents abuse drugs and alcohol at a higher rate than their heterosexual counterparts.

Q: In response to the story of Heinz and his ill wife, Helen responds, Heinz should steal the drug because his wife needs the drug and the husband will be lonely if she dies. Helens response would be categorized as ______ moral development. A. postconventional B. postoperational C. preconventional D. conventional

Q: Buddy says, Laws exist to benefit everyone and to preserve human rights. At which stage of moral reasoning would Buddy be classified? A. stage 2 B. stage 5 C. stage 6 D. stage 3

Q: In Kohlbergs theory of moral development, ______ suggests that good behavior is following rules and that it is important to do ones duty and respect authority. A. stage 1, obedience-punishment orientation B. stage 2, instrumental and relativist orientation C. stage 3, good girl, nice boy orientation D. stage 4, law and order orientation

Q: According to the text, the best explanation for aggression in children is: A. the influence of deviant peers. B. the childs family environment. C. the childs own personal characteristics. D. none of these; there appears to be one single cause for aggression.

Q: Carol Gilligans contribution to the study of moral development is: A. pointing out that Kohlbergs scheme of measuring moral development may be biased against women. B. suggesting that moral decisions can be based on an ethic of care as well as an ethic of justice. C. both of these D. neither of these