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Q:
Tammy is a two month old baby who has been recently diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Upon learning of her disability, her parents immediately scheduled appointments with two other physicians to find a cure for Tammy. This stage is most closely related toA. denialB. depressionC. bargainingD. anger
Q:
In accordance with the five stages of acceptance of a disability, upon learning a child has intellectual disabilities, the first reaction families typically have isA. a shaken sense of identityB. a sense of increased frustrationC. a sense of denialD. excitement for the new challenge
Q:
The five stages of acceptance of a disability, corresponds with
A. Piaget's stages of development
B. Kubler-Ross' stages of grieving model
C. Erickson's stages of development
D. Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Q:
______ essentially means how families take action to meet members' individual and collective needs.A. family functioningB. family interactionC. family systemD. family characteristic
Q:
What organization housed in Children's Hospital Medical Center in Seattle, Washington, sponsors workshops for children, publishes a newsletter, and provides materials for teachers and counselors who work with siblings of children with disabilities?A. Children and Families InvolvedB. National Association of Sibling ProgramsC. Siblings UnitedD. Families Congregating Together
Q:
A family's ability to organize itself, to solve problems, and to grow and change in light of challenges faced all depend upon the family's
A. ability to communication
B. coping ability
C. level of health and well being
D. dynamics, coping ability, and parenting skills
Q:
The major determinant of the psychological health and well being of the child is the psychological health and well being of the.
A. family unit
B. siblings
C. parents
D. extended family
Q:
According to research, it has been found that fathers of children with intellectual disabilities are highly involved in _____A. childrearingB. homemaking rolesC. work-related rolesD. custodial roles
Q:
Tay-Sach's disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Research has yet to be accumulated that may identify educational and psychological intervention strategies that are etiology-specific.
a. True
b. False
Q:
In the majority of cases where amniocentesis was used its primary purpose has been to detect the gender of the fetus.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Chromosomal problems are the product of hereditary exchange.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Congenital syphilis is a maternal disease resulting in damage to the central nervous system which causes severe disabilities in the developing fetus.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome are often of tall stature with large features.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Genetic screening is a measure used to identify unknown carriers of recessive traits.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Recessive inheritance is associated with the production of severe disabilities and serious health problems, such as sickle-cell anemia and cystic fibrosis.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Adequate nutrition, fetal monitoring, and protection from disease are the foundations of prenatal care.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Approximately10% of pregnancies have beginnings with some chromosomal imbalance which usually abort spontaneously during the first trimester of pregnancy.
a. True
b. False
Q:
An intervention that assists a child who has a disability is a
A. pre-natal prevention.
B. primary prevention.
C. secondary prevention.
D. tertiary prevention
Q:
Oxygen deprivation severe enough to cause permanent brain damage and retardation is called.A. anoxiaB. hydrocephalousC. deletionD. amniocentesis
Q:
Which of the following gestation periods is most likely to be associated with birth defects?A. 24-28 weeks.B. 37-41 weeks.C. 42-46 weeks.D. 52 weeks.
Q:
A disorder resulting from blockage of cerebrospinal fluid in the cranial cavity that causes an enlarged head and undue pressure on the brain is termed
A. anoxia
B. Tay Sach's
C. hydrocephalus
D. Prader-Willi syndrome
Q:
The chromosomal abnormality that has been associated with mild to moderate retardation, learning disabilities, and insatiable appetite is
A. Fragile X syndrome.
B. Klinefelter syndrome.
C. Prader-Willi syndrome.
D. Turner syndrome.
Q:
The exchange of a fragment of chromosomal material within the same chromosome is calledA. geneticsB. variable expressivityC. translocationD. uniparental disomy
Q:
The failure of one pair of chromosomes to split correctly at meiosis resulting in atrisomy isA. deletionB. homozygousC. nondisjunctionD. mosaicism
Q:
The most common cause of Down syndrome is
A. inheritance.
B. mosaicism.
C. translocation.
D. Trisomy 21.
Q:
The division and pairing of gametes to form the genetic formation for an embryo is
A. nondisjunction
B. chromosomes
C. mosaicism
D. meiosis
Q:
The use of abnormal chromosome arrangements present from conception but most often not the product of hereditary exchange is known asA. innateB. autosomesC. mosaicismD. mutation
Q:
Which of the following is more likely to occur?
A. a chromosomal disorder occurring in a child when the mother is over age 35
B. a chromosomal disorder occurring in a child when the mother is over age 32
C. a chromosomal disorder occurring in a child when the mother is under age 20
D. none of the above
Q:
The interaction of multiple genes and networks which influences individual intellectual functioning is calledA. Human Genome ProjectB. mosaicismC. polygenetic inheritanceD. meiosis
Q:
An inherited metabolic disease resulting from the absence of an enzyme for digestion which causes a toxic buildup of substances in the blood and urine is calledA. Fragile XB. Phenylketonuria (PKU)C. Tay-Sach's DiseaseD. Down Syndrome
Q:
In what case would a recessive gene be expressed?
A. in a child with blue eyes
B. in several disorders capable of producing severe disabilities
C. in such health impairments as sickle-cell anemia and cystic fibrosis
D. all of the above
Q:
An individual gene that has control or can mask the other gene in the pair is called
A. recessive inheritance
B. dominant inheritance
C. deletion
D. translocation
Q:
If both parents carry the same trait, the child's gene will be described as
A. heterozygous.
B. homozygous.
C. recessive.
D. dominant.
Q:
Genes carrying the same trait are called
A. heterozygous.
B. homozygous.
C. recessive.
D. dominant.
Q:
How many sex chromosomes are there?
A. 2
B. 23
C. 25
D. 44
Q:
Twenty-two matched pairs of chromosomes are
A. genetics
B. dominant inheritance
C. recessive inheritance
D. autosomes
Q:
How many pairs of chromosomes are there in a cell?
A. 2
B. 23
C. 25
D. 44
Q:
Threadlike bodies containing genes occupying specific loci are
A. teratogens
B. autosomes
C. genes
D. chromosomes
Q:
What is the relationship between Trisomy 21 and Mosaic Down syndrome?
A. both disorders encounter abnormalities on chromosome 21
B. each disorder makes up 50% of Down syndrome cases
C. both disorders are rare among individuals with intellectual disabilities
D. both disorders are a form of Down syndrome
Q:
How can the Human Genome Project address intellectual disabilities?
A. through research on gene mapping and DNA sequencing
B. uniparental disomy
C. meiosis
D. through the study of environmental factors
Q:
The study of heredity and variation is called
A. chromosomes
B. trisomy
C. genes
D. genetics
Q:
A condition characterized by a saclike mass on the spinal cord containing membrane tissue of the central nervous system and cerebrospinal fluid but no spinal nerves on the spinal cord is
A. hydrocephalus
B. phenylketonuria (PKU)
C. fragile X syndrome
D. myelomeningocele
Q:
Neurofibromatosis, the disorder that is characterized by light brown patches on the skin, and fibrous swellings or tumors growing on the nerves producing severe physical deformities affects approximately
A. 1 in 6000 newborns
B. 1 in 3000 newborns
C. 1 in 1000 newborns
D. 1 in 500 newborns
Q:
J. Langdon Down originally ascribed the term mongolism to the condition now known as Down syndrome becauseA. he observed inaccurately that one frequent characteristic of the syndrome was facial similarities to Asians.B. the term mongol means a variety of associated conditions.C. most cases of the syndrome came from the country of Mongolia.D. he considered the term mongoloid less stigmatizing than other terms in use at that time.
Q:
Why are mild cases of intellectual disabilities less likely to have an identifiable cause than severe cases?
A. biological causes are more prevalent among individuals with severe intellectual disabilities and are easier to determine
B. mild mental retardation is usually the result of multiple unspecifiable environmental events
C. a & b
D. none of the above
Q:
Traditionally causes of mental retardation and related developmental disorders have been divided into how many categories?
A. 2
B. 5
C. 7
D. 10
Q:
In what percentage of all cases can the causes of intellectual disabilities be specified?
A. 5%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 50%
Q:
Some children of low income, minority households may exhibit symptoms of intellectual disabilities in school without noticeable difficulties in their home environment.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Compensatory education eliminates all intellectual disabilities and associated problems.
a. True
b. False
Q:
According to Edgerton, majority group members are often victims of ethnocentrism.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Edgerton and Sabagh found that for many people with mild intellectual disabilities, being placed in a social structure with others with intellectual disabilities elicited feelings of inferiority.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Victor, the wild boy of Aveyron learned to communicate with spoken words.
a. True
b. False
Q:
In the 1980s, institutions were being accused of furthering their residents' disabilities.
a. True
b. False
Q:
In Skeels' longitudinal study, it was found that children who moved to the more stimulating environment experienced gains in IQ that ranged from 7 to 58 points.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The majority of six-hour retarded children are Hispanic and poor.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The Milwaukee Project was criticized for abandoning the study participants.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Proper nutrition, caring interaction, a responsive language environment, and stimulating surroundings are all required for optimal intellectual development.
a. True
b. False
Q:
When Maria, an individual classified as having intellectual disabilities was released from institutional care, she told people in her community she was in the hospital because of a diagnosis of epilepsy. Maria is most similar to the individuals who participated inA. The Milwaukee ProjectB. Who Are the Retarded?C. Itard's studyD. Edgerton's Cloak of Competence
Q:
To be considered adaptive, a person must understand what is necessary and valuable for life in his or herA. environmentB. ethnic groupC. cultureD. none of the above
Q:
In Edgerton's study, people with intellectual disabilities living in the community exhibited only one common theme: the desire to deny the presence ofA. a deprived childhoodB. a nonstimulating environmentC. mental retardationD. mental illness
Q:
_______ is a world view that is limited by one's own cultural experiences.
A. microcosm
B. sociocosm
C. ethnicity
D. ethnocentrism
Q:
Dunn's article was largely responsible for a movement to abolish
A Head Start
B. institutions for the intellectually disabled
C. special classes
D. housing projects
Q:
Who stated that African Americans scored lower than middle class whites on intelligence tests due to hereditary factors?
A. Mercer
B. Skeels
C. Itard
D. Jensen
Q:
_______ sought to understand what was important for the success of people with intellectual disabilities living in the community.A. The Milwaukee ProjectB. Who Are the Retarded?C. Itard's studyD. Edgerton's Cloak of Competence
Q:
Advocates of full inclusion believe all children should be allowed to participate in _______ classrooms all the time.A. special educationB. regularC. racially integratedD. higher level
Q:
Skeels' study demonstrated that children with normal IQ could become mentally retarded, given a (n)A. economically disadvantaged home lifeB. nonstimulating environmentC. poverty stricken environmentD. all of the above
Q:
The inclusion movement has its roots in the
A. civil rights movement
B. feminist movement
C. both a & b
D. none of the above
Q:
_______ leaned heavily on the idea that achieving the label "mental retardation" was "a destructive, self-fulfilling prophecy."A. MercerB. JensenC. DunnD. Skeels
Q:
_______ intervention is associated with improvements in motivation, basic health, parenting skills, and future placement in integrated settings.A. preschoolB. psychosocialC. communityD. all of the above
Q:
What name is most associated with early intervention research?
A. Mercer
B. Itard
C. Galton
D. Skeels
Q:
If one does not learn to speak in the first ______ years of life, the full ability to speak will not develop.A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5
Q:
Sarah and Louis are twins who were raised by chimpanzees ever since they were one year old. Since that time they have not had human contact. These children are considered to beA. feral childrenB. cultural-familial childrenC. children of AveyronD. none of the above
Q:
_______ skills are learned largely through social modeling.
A. social
B. adaptive
C. communication
D. cognitive
Q:
Who is considered one of the forefathers of special education?
A. Itard
B. Skeels
C. Mercer
D. Wechsler
Q:
The landmark study which suggested that a single factor IQ should not be used to make placement and diagnostic decisions is calledA. The Milwaukee ProjectB. the "Kallikak" familyC. Who Are the Retarded?D. Arthur Jensen's study
Q:
In the Milwaukee Project study, the information from the assessment indicated that the children who received interventions had IQs that averaged ______ points higher than those who did not receive interventions.A. 50B. 40C. 30D. 20
Q:
The 1969 President's Committee on Mental Retardation report defined the ______ as "children and youth who were identified as being "˜educably mentally retarded" only during their school hours and only during their school lives."A. six-hour retarded childB. feral childrenC. culturally deprivedD. at-risk child
Q:
The most effective compensatory intervention programs begin in
A. adolescence
B. pre-adolescence
C. preschool
D. infancy
Q:
The most famous work on cultural deprivation in the development of mental retardation is calledA. The Milwaukee ProjectB. six-hour retarded childC. The Chicago ProjectD. the cultural deprivation project