Q&A Hero

Q: Greenspan's model of personal competence is a tripartite model of intelligence that includes conceptual, practical, andA. adaptive intelligenceB. social intelligenceC. motor intelligenceD. none of the above

Q: Which of the following theories of intelligence represent an interdisciplinary approach? A. differential. B. multiple intelligences. C. cognitive modifiability. D. information processing.

Q: Psychometric theoristsA. study the methods by which an individual processes information.B. propose that an individual's underlying abilities account for variations in intellect.C. study the methods by which an individual applies information.D. propose that there are different types of intellect.

Q: ______ have their roots in differential psychology, the study of group differences. A. psychometric theories B. genetic theories C. biological theories D. physiological theories

Q: ______ defined intelligence as, "the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with this environment." A. Gardner B. Simon C. Cattell D. Wechsler

Q: An essential activity for the purpose of making a diagnosis of mental retardation is the A. assessment of communication skills B. assessment of intelligence C. assessment of ability to problem solve D. assessment of motor ability

Q: Psychoeducational evaluations for special education programs must include two critical assessment areas: intelligence and _______A. communication skillsB. problem solving skillsC. adaptive behaviorD. motor functioning

Q: The collection of information for educational, psychological, and vocational decision making is calledA. evaluationB. assessmentC. functional analysisD. examination

Q: More students are identified as mentally retarded since the federal mandate for special education was implemented in the mid-1970's a. True b. False

Q: The prevalence of intellectual disabilities varies according to the level of development of a country. a. True b. False

Q: When identifying children with mental retardation intellectual functioning is less of a consideration than adaptive behavior. a. True b. False

Q: Just as many wealthy families as poor families have children with severe intellectual disabilities. a. True b. False

Q: People are more apt to be identified as mentally retarded in rural communities than urban communities. a. True b. False

Q: In general more females than males are identified as mentally retarded at all age levels. a. True b. False

Q: Dunn wrote an article in which he reported that many culturally disadvantaged children were being incorrectly identified as mildly retarded. a. True b. False

Q: The AAMR now recommends that the use of levels of severity of mental retardation (mild, moderate, etc.) be discontinued. a. True b. False

Q: Most contemporary definitional perspectives of intellectual disabilities suggest a prevalence figure that is below 1 %. a. True b. False

Q: The term mental retardation is used more in the United States; however intellectual disability is used more often worldwide. a. True b. False

Q: Since the implementation of PL 94-142, the number of students classified as mentally retarded by school systems throughout the United States hasA. increasedB. dropped substantiallyC. stayed the sameD. shown significant variation

Q: If IQ were the only criterion for defining mental retardation, approximately ______ of the population could be considered mentally retarded.A. 4.3 %B. 3.3 %C. 2.3 %D. 1.3 %

Q: Individuals with intellectual disabilities are more apt to be identified in which of the following?A. rural communities and high SES conditions.B. rural communities and low SES conditions.C. urban communities and high SES conditions.D. urban communities and low SES conditions.

Q: As the age of the mother increases, the incidence of children born with Down syndromeA. decreases.B. increases.C. fluctuates.D. stabilizes.

Q: Incidence figures are valuable for A. investigating the causes of a disability. B. determining how many children need to be served. C. establishing how many teachers a system will need. D. abstract research purposes only.

Q: Prevalence is usually expressed as a A. percentage. B. ratio. C. fraction. D. frequency.

Q: The term that refers to the total number of cases of a disorder existing within a population at a particular place or at a particular time is A. frequency. B. prevalence. C. incidence. D. occurrence.

Q: The term that refers to the number of new cases identified within a population over a specific period of time is A. prevalence. B. frequency. C. incidence. D. occurrence.

Q: Greenspan and colleagues have done the most work to promote the idea that social and everyday intelligence are as important as ______ in understanding and defining intellectual disabilities.A. behaviorB. deficitsC. age of onsetD. conceptual intelligence

Q: Who took the position that intellectual disabilities should be dealt with from a behavioral perspective?A. KiddB. BijouC. GreenspanD. Blatt

Q: The DSM-IV-TR definition of mental retardation is a derivative of the A. 1977 AAMD definition B. 1983 AAMR definition C. 1992 AAMR definition D. 2002 AAMR definition

Q: The current APA definition of mental retardation is essentially a restatement of the A. 1977 AAMD definition B. 1983 AAMR definition C. 1992 AAMR definition D. 2002 AAMR definition

Q: The ________ stressed the interaction among these three major dimensions: a person's capabilities, the environments in which the person functions, and the need for varying levels of support.A. 1977 AAMD definitionB. 1983 AAMR definitionC. 1992 AAMR definitionD. 2002 AAMR definition

Q: In 1977 the AAMD's major change in their definition focused on the concept of A. age of onset B. adaptive behavior C. intellectual functioning D. clinical judgment

Q: The first time the guideline of an IQ score that was two standard deviations below the mean was added to the AAMD definition was in A. 1961 B. 1973 C. 1977 D. 1988

Q: The first time the term adaptive behavior was used in the AAMD definition was in A. 1961 B. 1973 C. 1977 D. 1988

Q: Martina and her brother live in a low income housing project in a large city. They have both been misclassified as mentally retarded and have been placed in special education classes for the past several years. These children are known asA. forgotten childrenB. six-hour retarded childrenC. deprived childrenD. victims

Q: What is the primary factor used to describe and determine intellectual disabilities today? A. intellectual functioning B. adaptive behavior C. deficits in daily living D. communication deficits

Q: The period during which primary growth and development occur (birth through 16 years of age) is termedA. growth periodB. primary periodC. developmental periodD. both a & d

Q: An individual's adaptation to the demands of his or her environment is referred to as A. adaptive behavior B. emotional maturation C. social adjustment D. environmentally sound

Q: Ms. Tran's son has been evaluated for the gifted program at his elementary school. She is interested in learning where his IQ score of 135 compares to the mean score for the general population. Which of the following terms will provide the most accuracy in determining this information? A. incidence B. percentage C. ratio D. standard deviation

Q: Performing at least 1 standard deviation below the mean on a standardized intelligence test is referred to as A. mentally retarded B. subaverage general intellectual functioning C. adaptive deficits D. intellectually challenged

Q: Peter is a twenty-two-year-old man with an IQ of 72 who is shopping at the corner drug store. Mr. Smith, the owner of the store refuses to allow Peter to shop without another adult present. Peter is most likely a victim of A. racism B. unfairness C. disablism D. handicappism

Q: What program for children with intellectual disabilities was abandoned because they were being teased by their classmates?A. Program for the Intellectually HandicappedB. Children in Need of Special ServicesC. DDPD. DISTAR

Q: The term ________ refers to students whose abilities were adequate for them to profit from an academically-oriented curriculum.A. educable mentally retarded (EMR)B. trainable mentally retarded (TMR)C. both a and bD. developmental disabilty

Q: Dominic has an IQ of 65 and presents with rapid mood swings along with visual hallucinations. Dominic is most likely A. dually diagnosed B. physically ill C. severely mentally retarded D. schizoid

Q: The term "idiot" was A. used to include all levels of mental retardation. B. only used to describe individuals with behavior disorders. C. clearly defined. D. first defined by a medical doctor.

Q: The preferred term used when speaking of individuals with cognitive and adaptive deficits is A. mental retardation B. intellectual disability C. developmentally challenged D. intellectually handicapped

Q: ________ offers a social system perspective of mental retardation, defining it as "an achieved social status in a social system." A. Mercer B. Gold C. Kolstoe D. Doll

Q: Developmental disability refers to individuals with mental retardation particularly among A. preschool children B. children between the ages of 3 and 18 C. adults D. none of the above

Q: During the Services-Based Orientation (1960"1985) the notion of maintaining individuals with intellectual disabilities in inclusive settings along with appropriate supports took hold. a. True b. False

Q: The Supreme Court of the United States has decided that schools must provide appropriate as opposed to optimal education programs. a. True b. False

Q: During the Supports-Based Orientation (1985"Present), the number of students identified as intellectually disabled continued to increase, with a slight decrease in recent years. a. True b. False

Q: The Civil Rights Movement impeded the progress of legislation for protecting and educating individuals with disabilities. a. True b. False

Q: The Supreme Court decision in the Brown v. Board of Education (1954) desegregation case affected policy making for individuals with intellectual disabilities. a. True b. False

Q: President Kennedy had a profound effect on the field of intellectual disabilities. a. True b. False

Q: Toward the end of the 19th century important social forces, such as urbanization and industrialism were occurring that would have effects on those with cognitive limitations. a. True b. False

Q: During the Facilities-Based Orientation Era (1890"1960), institutions in the United States switched from the role of providing custodial care to one of providing education. a. True b. False

Q: Prior to 1700 milder forms of intellectual disabilities as we perceive it today were not recognizable. a. True b. False

Q: Prior to 1700, knowledge of intellectual disability by society was quite extensive. a. True b. False

Q: Which piece of legislation protects the civil rights of people with disabilities? A) IDEA. B) the Americans with Disabilities Act. C) Larry P. v. Riles. D) the Rehabilitation Act.

Q: Erin is a fourteen-year-old female with Down syndrome. She is currently attending classes with individuals without intellectual disabilities. Furthermore, she is not receiving special resources for her disability. She is a member of several extracurricular clubs and has a group of friends with whom she spends time after school. This is known as A) inclusion B) mainstreaming C) both a and b D) neither a nor b

Q: Why was Arthur Jensen's writing considered inflammatory? A) He implied blacks were intellectually inferior to whites. B) He implied whites were superior to blacks athletically. C) He felt individuals with intellectual disabilities were less than human. D) He was in agreement with sterilizing individuals with intellectual disabilities.

Q: Gina is a thirty-year-old female with an IQ of 61. Five years ago she lived in a group home and worked in a sheltered workshop. She and the other five residents went everywhere together and were required to wear bright orange shirts to enable the staff to keep up with them better. Now she lives in an apartment with a friend. She also works five days a week at the local library and is a member of a bicycle club. The change in Gina's life demonstrates the concept of A) segregation B) mainstreaming C) normalization D) all of the above

Q: The right to education states that children with disabilities are entitled to A) specialized classrooms B) free and appropriate public school education C) private tutoring D) extra classroom time

Q: What happened in the 1971 case of Wyatt v. Stickney? A) A child was not receiving fair treatment in the public school setting. B) There was a lack of appropriate treatment to residents at an institution in Alabama. C) Individuals with disabilities were denied access to jobs. D) Individuals with disabilities were denied access to education.

Q: What is the difference between Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia and PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania? A) The focus for Mills was a free public education for all individuals with disabilities, whereas PARC focused on free public education specifically for individuals with intellectual disabilities. B) The focus for PARC was a free public education for all individuals with disabilities, whereas Mills focused on free public education specifically for individuals with intellectual disabilities. C) The focus for Mills was to provide special accommodations for individuals in wheelchairs, whereas PARC focused on accommodations for individuals with hearing impairments. D) The focus for PARC was to provide special accommodations for individuals in wheelchairs, whereas Mills focused on accommodations for individuals with hearing impairments.

Q: Who inferred that environmental factors have a critical effect on IQ? A) Doll B) Itard C) Skeels and Dye D) Binet

Q: The Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS) measures A) daily living skills B) IQ C) verbal skills D) social competence

Q: PKU, a known cause of mental retardation is considered to be a A) genetic malformation B) metabolic disturbance C) result of inbreeding D) chromosomal defect

Q: The issue of educating all students with intellectual disabilities was formally addressed with the passage of A) P.L. 94-142. B) P.L. 85-926. C) P.L. 93-531. D) P.L. 91-421.

Q: The first national organization to become a key force in special education was the A) Special Education Association for Disabled Children. B) International Council for the Education of Exceptional Children. C) Association for Retarded Citizens. D) President's Panel on Mental Retardation.

Q: Marcia is a seventeen year-old female with an IQ of 68 who works at a grocery store during evening hours and attends public school during the day. Which Act is responsible for her ability to accomplish this feat? A) Social Security Act B) Job Force Act C) Handicapped Individuals Against Discrimination Act D) Vocational Rehabilitation Act

Q: The process of rendering an individual unable to reproduce is termed A) neutered B) eugenics C) normalization D) sterilization

Q: What role did Oliver Wendell Holmes play in the history of intellectual disabilities? A) He was instrumental in the testing movement. B) He helped reintegrate them into the community. C) He assisted in the mainstreaming of individuals with intellectual disabilities. D) He supported the enactment of sterilization laws.

Q: What is the significance of the ideas expressed in Sir Francis Galton's Hereditary Genius? A) Galton established a theoretical basis for the inheritance of mental defectiveness. B) Galton's work seemed to catalyze the eugenics movement that advocated the genetic control of mental defectiveness. C) both a & b D) none of the above

Q: What was the result of the Eugenics movement for people with intellectual disabilities? A) the enactment of sterilization laws B) better education C) free choice D) better health care

Q: What was the impetus behind the changing view of society towards people with intellectual disabilities during the Facilities-Based Orientation Era (1890"1960)? A) Not enough teachers could be found to instruct the children with intellectual disabilities. B) Studies began to show students with intellectual disabilities learned better in a full-care facility. C) Citizens became afraid that people with intellectual disabilities were dangerous. D) Funding was only supplied for full-service facilities.

Q: The initial purpose of institutions in the United States was to provide A) custodial care B) education C) punishment D) housing

Q: The person to establish the first public facility for training individuals with intellectual disabilities in America was A) Itard. B) Howe. C) Dix. D) Wilbur.

Q: Wilbur was the person who established the first private facility for treating individuals with intellectual disabilities in A) Africa B) Europe C) Asia D) America

Q: How did the work of Dorothea Dix apply to the field of intellectual disabilities? A) Dix observed a young child on the street who appeared to be in pain. She was then moved to make a difference. B) Dix had an adoptive son with an intellectual disability and she witnessed his pain. She was then moved to make a difference. C) Individuals with intellectual disabilities lacked a strong advocacy base and Dix was an advocate for individuals who were less fortunate. D) both a & b