Q&A Hero

Q: 56 Answer the following questions based on the graph below. a) Is the graph symmetrical? b) Is the graph unimodal or bimodal? c) Do the data appear skewed? If so, positively or negatively? d) Do there appear to be outliers? If so, for what values?

Q: 55 Answer the following questions based on the graph below. a) Is the graph symmetrical? b) Is the graph unimodal or bimodal? c) Do the data appear skewed? If so, positively or negatively? d) Do there appear to be outliers? If so, for what values?

Q: 54 Draw a distribution that is negatively skewed.

Q: Which graphical technique do you think displays the data least effectively? Why?

Q: Where do the data tend to cluster?

Q: Is the distribution symmetrical?

Q: Create a histogram for these data using an interval of 5 (e.g., 0 to 5, 6 to 10).

Q: Create a frequency distribution for these data.

Q: Create a stem and leaf plot for these data.

Q: The previous graph is symmetrical.

Q: 46 The following graph is unimodal.

Q: 45 An outlier refers to data that falls toward the middle of a distribution.

Q: 44 Skewness refers to how symmetrical or assymetrical a distribution is.

Q: 43 87 is the midpoint of the interval from 85 to 89.

Q: 42 When a variable has many values, and each value occurs rarely, a stem-and-leaf plot is preferable to a histogram.

Q: 41 In a frequency distribution, the number of observations that fall within an interval is plotted.

Q: 40 The following is a frequency distribution. 0122231000233344893011122234445666778940000111122355799500000002335

Q: 39 The leading digits are the leaves in a stem and leaf plot.

Q: 38 Given the following numbers, 10, 25, 37, and 40, the leading digits are 1, 2, 3, and 4.

Q: 37 Assume that you have a set of data with 70 values spread fairly evenly between 0 and 100. The optimal number of categories for a histogram of these data would be approximately a) 4 b) 50 c) 10 d) 25

Q: 36 Boxplots are graphical displays that a) emphasize the basic characteristics of the data. b) focus on the median and spread of the data. c) allow us to visually see how two or more distributions compare. d) all of the above

Q: 35 Displaying data on graphs a) can aid communication of results to an audience. b) can organize data in logical order. c) can be done with computers. d) all of the above

Q: 34 A negatively skewed distribution a) has a tail pointing to the left. b) has a tail pointing to the right. c) is symmetric. d) is also positively skewed.

Q: 33+ If the distribution of the ages of people were positively skewed, which of the following is most likely correct? a) There are about the same number of young people as old people. b) There are more young people than old people. c) There are more old people than young people. d) none of the above

Q: 32 Kurtosis is a) the constant in the midpoint equation when graphing histograms. b) a little-used measure of the shape of a distribution. c) a computer graphics program. d) a disease common to people named Kurt.

Q: 31+ To get an accurate idea about the shape of a distribution, a) relatively large samples of data are needed. b) computer programs are needed. c) three-dimensional plots are usually helpful. d) stem-and-leaf displays are the only accurate methods of presentation.

Q: 30 A frequency distribution a) displays the average of each score received. b) offers no more information than a collection of raw data. c) counts the number of times each score is received. d) does none of the above.

Q: 29 In deciding on the number of stems to use in a stem and leaf display, a) you should always break the stems into 5 stems per every 10 units. b) you should normally make all of the stems the same width. c) you should generally use 10 stems in all. d) you should disregard the frequencies of the data.

Q: 28+ Which of the following distributions can be symmetric? a) unimodal b) bimodal c) normal d) all of the above

Q: 27+ The real lower limit and the real upper limit of the interval 40-49 are a) 39.5 and 49.5. b) 40 and 49. c) 40 and 50. d) 39 and 50.

Q: 26+ The onset of eating disorders was shown to occur most often during puberty and during the late teen years in girls. A distribution of the frequencies of onset of eating disorders by age would most likely be a) unimodal. b) normal. c) bimodal. d) all of the above

Q: 25 In making plots of data, which of the following rules is true? a) Three-dimensional plots should never be used. b) Rules of graphical presentation are prescriptive and should never be broken. c) The ultimate goal in making plots is to make data attractive. d) The point of representing data graphically is better communication.

Q: 24 A normal distribution must a) have outliers. b) be symmetric. c) be positively skewed. d) be negatively skewed.

Q: 23 In the above data set, the outliers would most likely be a) 94 and 99. b) 36 and 99. c) 36 and 42. d) There are no outliers.

Q: 22 The above data set appears a) positively skewed. b) negatively skewed. c) normally distributed. d) bimodal.

Q: 21+ A data set of test scores consisted of the following:36 42 55 60 63 75 77 7879 80 83 83 84 84 85 8586 87 91 91 92 94 99 On a stem-and-leaf display, the values of the tens digits (3 " 9) area) the trailing digits.b) the leaves.c) the less significant digits.d) the stems.

Q: 20 Someone asks you if you have seen the movie Titanic. Before you answer, you look back into your memory for all of the movies you have ever seen and review the titles one at a time. This is an example of a) parallel processing b) frequent processing c) sequential processing d) sensory memory

Q: 19+ Which of the following is the least important characteristic of graphics? a) clarity b) beauty c) simplicity d) neatness

Q: 18+ On a recent fundraising drive, most of the 30 volunteers raised between $10 and $50 each. However, Brian and Karen each raised over $100. Which of the following is true? a) The amounts of money raised by Brian and Karen are outliers. b) The data would best be represented three-dimensionally. c) The data appear negatively skewed. d) The data should be represented on a back-to-back stem-and-leaf display.

Q: 58 Given the following numbers: 1, 3, 4, 2, 3:a) Calculate X.b) Calculate X2c) Calculate CX, where C = 2

Q: 57 Suppose the following numbers represent test scores from students in this class: 80, 95, 75, 100. a) What is X2? b) What notation would be used to represent the sum of these test scores?

Q: 56 Describe two ways to obtain a random sample.

Q: 55 Briefly describe the benefits of random assignment to groups.

Q: 54 An instructor for a course in Psychology of Gender wanted to know if there are gender differences in whether or not students major in the sciences. a) Name the independent variable. b) Name the dependent variable. c) Is the dependent variable discrete or continuous?

Q: 53 A drink manufacturer wanted to examine the effect of different can designs on sales. a) Name the independent variable. b) Name the dependent variable. c) Is the dependent variable discrete or continuous?

Q: 52 Dr. Smith measured depressive symptoms using a questionnaire where scores could range from 0 to 40. Then, he used the clinical cutoff of a score of 16 to classify people as depressed or not depressed. Briefly describe the two types of data Dr. Smith had at his disposal.

Q: 51 Give one example of each of the following types of data: a) nominal b) ordinal c) interval d) ratio

Q: 50 Name three examples of continuous variables.

Q: 49 Name three examples of discrete variables.

Q: 48XY = XY.

Q: 47 If X1 = 1, X2 = 3, and X3 = 5 and C = 3, then CX = 12.

Q: 46 If X1 = 1, X2 = 3, and X3 = 5, then the X = 9.

Q: 45 A student measured the effect on test performance of listening to various types of music while studying. Test performance is a dependant variable.

Q: 44 A researcher randomly assigned clients to two conditions (a wait-list control group and a hypnosis group) and measured their smoking reduction. Smoking reduction is an independent variable.

Q: 43 A "variable" refers to data that is constant.

Q: 42 Height is a continuous variable.

Q: 41 Marital status (e.g., single, married, divorced/separated, widowed) is a discrete variable.

Q: 40 Classifying students by their major field of study is an example of nominal data.

Q: 39 Ranking students from the most popular to the least popular is an example of ratio data.

Q: 38 What does NOT count as "measurement?" a) The assignment of numbers to behaviors b) Matching verbal expressions to ratings of hostility c) Assessment of behavior with only a weakly valid instrument d) These are all examples of measurement.

Q: 37 Which of the following statements is NOT true about scales of measurement? a) Measurement scales depend on the purpose for which you collected data. b) Moving from ordinal to ratio scales represents an increase in the meaning assigned to numbers c) Certain statistical procedures can only be performed with ratio data. d) Measurement scales were, at least historically, tied to psychology's quest to be treated as a true science.

Q: 36 When _______ is used, every subject in a study has an equal chance of being placed in each of the groups being formed? a) random assignment b) equivalent groups c) matching d) selective assignment

Q: 35 Ordinal scales a) are not really scales at all because they only provide numbers as arbitrary levels. b) give information about differences between points on the scale. c) provide information by ordering people, objects, or events along some continuum. d) have a true zero point.

Q: 34+ Which of the following is most likely to be an independent variable? a) running speeds b) depression scores c) paw-lick latencies d) forms of therapy

Q: 33+ The use of different colored boxes in the above example is most likely to be a a) continuous independent variable. b) discrete independent variable. c) continuous dependent variable. d) discrete dependent variable.

Q: 32 A consumer researcher wanted to examine the effects of using different-colored boxes on shoppers' level of buying her brand of cereal. What is the dependent variable? a) levels of buying b) kind of cereal c) different colored boxes d) the consumer researcher

Q: 31+ Which of the following types of variables cannot be continuous? a) nominal variables b) independent variables c) dependent variables d) quantitative variables

Q: 30 Where X is a variable and C is a constant, which of the following equations is true?

Q: 29 Which of the following is NOT true of random number tables? a) They can be used to draw random samples. b) They can be used to assign participants to conditions. c) They are only useful for drawing random numbers between 0 and 9. d) It is appropriate to start at any place in the table when using it.

Q: 28 According to the text, the most important component of an experiment for giving us confidence that our results are meaningful is a) random sampling. b) random assignment. c) summation notation. d) the manipulation of the dependent variable.

Q: 27 Use of a sample not randomly selected in an experiment a) makes random assignment impossible. b) limits the degree to which the results can be generalized to the whole population. c) requires the use of ratio scales of measurement. d) interferes with the use of quantitative independent variables.

Q: 26 In an experiment, an independent variable is _______ and a dependent variable is _______. a) manipulated, measured b) measured, manipulated c) continuous, manipulated d) discrete, summation

Q: 25+ If a happiness scale had a true zero point, a score of zero would mean a) low levels of happiness. b) an absence of happiness. c) an arbitrary level of happiness. d) nothing useful.

Q: 24 A true zero point is characteristic of a) all scales of measurement. b) an interval scale. c) a ratio scale. d) none of the above

Q: 23 Which of the following is NOT an example of "assigning a number to an object"? a) giving a sensitivity score to a roommate b) measuring a child's IQ c) giving a football player jersey #87 d) All of the above are examples of assigning numbers to objects.

Q: 22+ For the following equation, which mathematical operation should be performed first?a) 3 - 1b) 6 + 2c) 4 + 1d) 2 x 4

Q: 21+ For the set of numbers 1, 17, 19, 30, 87, X5 refers to a) 1, 17, 19, 30. b) 1, 17, 19, 30, 87. c) 87. d) 5.

Q: 20 What is wrong with the above study when generalizing to people in general? a) The sample was not randomly assigned. b) The sample was not random sampled from a larger population. c) A nominal scale was used to measure the dependent variable. d) Nothing was wrong with the above study.

Q: 19 In the above study, what is the independent variable? a) weight b) feedback c) students d) happiness

Q: 18+ Professor Jeffrey assigned each of his students a number and selected 20 for his study by using a table of random numbers. Professor Jeffrey was interested in how the type of feedback received would affect the level of happiness in his students. The students were either praised or insulted and then the levels of happiness were measured by a questionnaire administered at the end of the study. What is the dependent variable of this study? a) praise b) feedback c) students d) happiness