Q&A Hero

Q: Which church of is an outstanding example of the Flamboyant style? A. Saint-Maclou B. St. Wolfgang C. Cathedral of Ghent D. St. Stephens

Q: What feature is used to unite the interior and exterior spaces and draw the viewer into the painting in Petrus Christuss A Goldsmith in His Shop (Fig. 19-17)? A. vase of lilies B. water basin C. coconut D. mirror

Q: What was first achieved in the workshop of Johann Gutenberg in Germany? A. relief printing B. engraving C. movable-type printing D. block books

Q: An altarpiece may be placed on a base, known as a A. mensa. B. diptych. C. manuscript. D. predella.

Q: Patrons in Germanic lands preferred altarpieces that featured A. panel paintings similar to those of Flemish masters. B. other worldly images evoking Christian mysticism. C. polychromed wood sculpture and carvings. D. an icon of the Virgin and Child.

Q: Which feature is characteristic of French painting in the fifteenth century? A. elaborate details and complex iconography B. a reserved detachment among the figures C. an emphasis on symmetry and geometric patterns D. the use of Gothic architectural settings

Q: Which naturalistic device did Hugo van der Goes use in the Portinari Altarpiece (Fig. 19-19)? A. a gold leaf background B. a vision of Christ as Judge C. atmospheric perspective D. consistent scale

Q: The printing technique of engraving probably derived from workers in what trade? A. stained glass B. goldsmithing C. potters D. sculptors

Q: What detail of the Mrode Altarpiece (Fig. 19-10) indicates that the scene of the Annunciation is a religious vision of the donors? A. the enclosed garden B. the opened door C. the mousetrap D. the pages of Marys book

Q: How does the manuscript page Mary at Her Devotions from the Hours of Mary of Burgundy (Fig. 19-7) reflect religious practice of the period? A. It highlights her close relationship with the priest. B. The church setting underscores her regular attendance at Mass. C. Her spiritual vision comes through private meditation. D. The light through the window symbolizes Gods presence.

Q: What do scholars know for certain about Jan van Eycks Double Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife (Fig. 19-1)? A. the couple was quite wealthy B. the work celebrates the couples wedding C. the couples identity D. the painting originally hung in the couples home

Q: How are peasants depicted in the Trs Riches Heures (Fig. 19-5)? A. They are wealthy and lavishly dressed. B. They are happily working or amusingly uncouth. C. They are crude and uncivilized. D. They are servants to the upper classes.

Q: What symbolic meaning is suggested in the Hunt of the Unicorn series of tapestries (Fig. 19-8)? A. the Annunciation B. the Deposition C. the Miracle at Cana D. the Resurrection

Q: How does Martin Schongauer intensify the moment portrayed in his The Temptations of St. Anthony (Fig. 19-28)? A. placing the action in a panoramic landscape B. implying circular motion around the main figure C. arranging the figures into a pyramidal shape D. adding short parallel lines in the background

Q: Where did painters perfect the technique of painting with an oil medium? A. Italy B. Portugal C. England D. Flanders

Q: How did the artists visually distinguish the duke of Berry in the illustration for the calendar page for January in the Trs Riches Heures (Fig. 19-6)? A. hieratic scale B. a written inscription above him C. the banner with heraldic arms above him D. his position in the center of the composition

Q: What element of Claus Sluters Well of Moses (Fig. 19-3) signaled a break with the International Gothic style? A. the unpainted stone B. the detailed naturalism C. the individualized figures D. the flowing drapery

Q: The second generation of Flemish painters was largely responsible for A. the development of a fee structure for commissions. B. the rapid spread of the Flemish style through Europe. C. the introduction of oil paint in Italy. D. a shift to more complex compositions.

Q: Which of the following belonged to the second generation of Flemish painters? A. Jan van Eyck B. Robert Campin C. Petrus Christus D. Roger van der Weyden

Q: The technique of engraving on metal in which the lines are cut into the metal plate with sharp tools is called A. intaglio. B. gouging. C. sinopia. D. giornata.

Q: Although no signed paintings by Rogier van der Weyden exist, art historians use a painting of which subject to establish the characteristics of his art? A. Annunciation B. Deposition C. Last Judgment D. Virgin and Child

Q: An altarpiece which has multiple, movable wings, attached to the altars central, stationary section is known as a A. diptych. B. triptych. C. predella. D. polyptych.

Q: Who were the most powerful rulers and art patrons in northern Europe for most of the fifteenth century? A. dukes of Normandy B. earls of Hampden C. dukes of Windsor D. dukes of Burgundy

Q: How did the artists and architects of Chartres create a harmonious elevation?

Q: Discuss the role of masons during the Gothic period and describe the detail of Masons at Work (Fig. 17-7).

Q: Compare the role of painting in stained glass and illuminated manuscripts to express both religious and secular ideas of the Gothic period.

Q: Compare and contrast the styles, compositions, and iconography associated with the figures of Annunciation, Nativity, and Adoration of the Shepherds from Pisa (Fig. 17-36) and Royal Portal, West Faade, from the Cathedral of Notre-Dame at Chartres (Fig. 17-6).

Q: Discuss the development of the Gothic style in architecture from its origins in France to regional variations in England and Germany.

Q: What was the purpose of Gothic mural painting?

Q: What Gothic architectural features can be seen in The Miracle of the Crib at Greccio (Fig. 17-40) at the Church of St. Francis at Assisi?

Q: What characterized the German hall church?

Q: How did Stokesay Castle exemplify a fortified manor house?

Q: Why does the Moralized Bible define the Court style?

Q: What relics of Christ are contained in the Sainte-Chapelle?

Q: How are stained glass windows made?

Q: What scenes are depicted in the decoration of Chartres Cathedral?

Q: What improvements did Abbot Suger make to the Abbey Church of Saint-Denis?

Q: Where and why was the term Gothic first used?

Q: In contrast to Romanesque sculptures, the prophets and ancestors on Chartress Royal Portal emanate A. Byzantine qualities. B. faceted folds of drapery. C. erratic, puppet-like movements. D. tranquility and order.

Q: Which may have been influenced by Roman sarcophagi, in terms of format and technique? A. The Miracle of the Crib at Greccio (Fig. 17-40) B. Ekkehard and Uta (Fig. 17-34) C. Annunciation, Nativity, and Adoration of the Shepherds (Fig. 17-36) D. Sheets of Drawings with Geometric Figures (Fig. 17-17)

Q: Who fostered a Classical revival at his southern Italian court? A. Frederick II B. Henry Plantagenet C. Louis VII D. Philip Augustus

Q: Which style of art from Constantinople influenced thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Italian painting? A. Pisan B. Mozarabic C. maniera greca D. Gothic

Q: What was added to the tops of towers in order to provide stone shields for more effective defense? A. crenellations B. crossing C. transept D. jambs

Q: Which settings were a typical feature of Gothic narrative painting that depicted events from the past? A. ancient B. contemporary C. landscape D. otherworldly

Q: The German preference for realism in the thirteenth century may have contributed to the earliest surviving depiction of St. Maurice as a A. Roman soldier. B. peasant. C. pilgrim. D. black African.

Q: In stained glass, pieces of glass are joined together with narrow lead strips called A. grozing. B. jambs. C. cames. D. bar tracery.

Q: The first monastic order of mendicants was the A. Benedictines. B. Samaritans. C. Cistercians. D. Franciscans.

Q: The period from 1150 CE to 1400 CE is known as the A. Age of Decorated Style. B. Age of Rose Windows. C. Age of Monasteries. D. Age of Cathedrals.

Q: What quality of painted crucifixes, such as the one attributed to Coppo di Marcovaldo (Fig. 17-38), would make them especially popular in churches of the Italian mendicants? A. the painting style in the Greek manner B. the empathetic response they encouraged in viewers C. their iconic format and compositions D. the stylized representation of Christs body

Q: What architectural feature distinguishes English Gothic cathedrals from those built in France? A. A tower at the crossing served as the focal point. B. Lancet windows were placed over the monumental portals. C. Pointed arches along the nave arcade directed viewers attention upward toward the vaults. D. The preference for massive walls eliminated the need for flying buttresses.

Q: The ambiguity and contradiction of earlier British manuscripts continued in the A. Villards drawings with geometric figures. B. Shrine of the Three Kings. C. Windmill Psalter. D. Historia Anglorum.

Q: The historical manuscripts compiled by Matthew Paris at the monastery of St. Albans in England include A. marginal drawings that were integral to his writing. B. references to additional sources of information. C. decorative motifs that reflect Hiberno-Saxon influences. D. detailed vignettes illustrating specific places and events.

Q: How does the equestrian scene from Holoferness Army Crossing the Euphrates River in the Sainte-Chapelle (Fig. 17-20) demonstrate pictorial innovation in the stained-glass medium? A. the overlapping figures to create a colorful pattern B. the use of bar tracery C. the dilution of the paint to create modeling washes D. the use of foreshortening to create illusionistic space

Q: What was developed at Reims Cathedral that made it possible for even larger areas of stained glass in relation to wall surfaces? A. plate tracery B. flying buttresses C. bar tracery D. a central division of the clerestory

Q: What characterized the narratives on the windows along the aisles and chapels at Chartres Cathedral? A. boldly colored, iconic figures easily seen from a distance B. complex learned allegories on sin and salvation C. simplified stories intended for an illiterate audience D. stocky, folksy figures

Q: What might have been the reason behind public resentment and rioting over the building of Gothic cathedrals? A. burden of new taxes and economic strain B. concern over unsafe working conditions for masons C. corruption among church officials managing building funds D. public displeasure with the Churchs close ties to the monarchy

Q: The Royal Portal at the Church of Notre Dame at Chartres gets its name from A. its function as the ceremonial entrance for church officials. B. its function as the kings private entrance. C. the column statues depicting members of the French royal family. D. the column statues depicting biblical kings, queens, and prophets.

Q: Chartres received revenue not only from pilgrims but also from A. royal processions. B. mystery plays. C. cloth markets. D. jousting competitions.

Q: The oldest functioning synagogue in Europe is A. Altneuschul. B. Bien Shalom. C. Ashweitz. D. Contrite.

Q: Which thirteenth-century cathedral is an excellent example of the English interpretation of the Gothic style? A. Reims B. Chartres C. Amiens D. Salisbury

Q: Holes cut in the stone wall and filled with stained glass are called A. mosaic inlay. B. concept glass. C. plate tracery. D. track tracery.

Q: After reading religious texts by the Pseudo-Dionysius, what did Abbot Suger adopt for the redesign of the Abbey Church at Saint-Denis? A. the concept of luminosity B. a structure that could reach the gates of heaven C. the accommodations for more pilgrims D. the validity of royal power

Q: In the Gothic period, which city did Thomas Aquinas make the intellectual center of Europe? A. Rome B. Milan C. Paris D. London

Q: Describe the economic situation in Europe during the Romanesque period.

Q: The oxen on the baptismal font by Renier of Huy symbolize A. Pharisees. B. prophets. C. apostles. D. seasons.

Q: Any Romanesque image of Mary seated on a throne and holding the baby Jesus on her lap is known as A. The Throne of Wisdom. B. Virgin of Compassion. C. Theotokos. D. Mater Dolorosa.

Q: Which symbolizes the Holy Sepulcher and covers the main altar in the apse of San Clemente? A. baldacchino B. mausoleum C. tapestry D. capital

Q: In keeping with the orders emphasis on disciplined spiritual practice, which kind of architecture is characterized by simplicity, austerity, and purity? A. Cistercian B. Cluniac C. Benedictine D. Islamic

Q: The First Crusade was promoted by Pope A. Bernard of Clairvaux. B. Alfonso VI. C. Reinier of Huy. D. Urban II.

Q: What was the earliest known illustrated record of contemporary events in England? A. Liber Scivias (Fig. 16-38) B. Book of Homilies (Fig. 16-35) C. Worcester Chronicle (Fig. 16-30) D. Codex Colbertinus (Fig. 30-34)

Q: In the relief Christ and Disciples on the Road to Emmaus (Fig. 16-1), Christs attributes of a hat, a satchel, and a walking stick characterize him as a A. Good Shepherd. B. Nordic king. C. youthful emperor. D. pilgrim.

Q: Although a military failure, what helped to stimulate trade during the Romanesque period? A. Norman battles B. pilgrimages C. the crusades D. Dover castle

Q: What did the Scivias record about Hildegard of Bingen? A. her day-to-day events B. her musical compositions C. her mystical visions D. her treatises on medicine

Q: The imagery of the Norman Conquest depicted in the Bayeux Embroidery (Figs. 16-31, 16-32, and 16-33) is best described as A. historical. B. anecdotal. C. inaccurate. D. mythical.

Q: Carved historiated capitals such as The Magi Asleep and The Flight into Egypt (Fig. 16-25) inside the Cathedral of Saint-Lazare emphasize A. the human qualities of the stories. B. deep theological significance. C. the importance of the church. D. a moral lesson to be learned.

Q: During the Romanesque period, what largely replaced mosaics on the walls of churches outside of Rome? A. relief carvings B. painted murals C. marble inlay D. bare expanses of stone

Q: What could pilgrims who made the journey to Santiago de Compostela purchase as a badge that attested to their piety and accomplishments? A. emblemata B. shell C. ankh D. crucifix

Q: What was the objection to the Reliquary Statue of Sainte Foy (Fig. 16-6) initially held by St. Bernard of Angers? A. The reliquarys form seemed idolatrous. B. Monks had stolen the relics from the saints shrine. C. The statue had been made by pagans. D. Its use of gold and encrusted jewels was too gaudy.

Q: How do the reliefs on the left wall of the south porch of the Priory Church of Saint-Pierre at Moissac (Fig. 16-23) differ from imagery carved on the tympanum (Fig. 16-21) of that church? A. They are more awe-inspiring and didactic. B. They were originally painted in brightly colored hues. C. They are more lifelike to convey human frailty. D. They demonstrate the influence of Islamic art.

Q: What architectural element of Romanesque portals was used to depict the most important imagery? A. jambs B. archivolts C. lintel D. tympanum