Q&A Hero

Q: Permanent products are tangible items or environmental effects that result from a behavior.

Q: Which of the following would be a good example of a rule with specificity? a. Be a good citizen b. Keep your hands to yourself c. Raise your hand before speaking d. All of the above

Q: _____________ is a naturally occurring phenomenon. a. Time out b. Reinforcement c. Contingency contracting d. Response cost

Q: Mr. Jackson targeted Rob's out of seat behavior for a behavior change program. He counted 20 occurrences during a reading period. To verify his data, he asked his student teacher to record at the same time. The student teacher recorded 18 occurrences. These data are in sufficient agreement for a behavior change program to begin.

Q: Verbal structure should include all of the following EXCEPT: a. specificity b. economy c. consequences d. reinforcement

Q: A contract should NOT: a. reinforce small approximations b. reinforce the performance after it occurs c. be stated negatively: "if you do not..., then I will..." d. reinforce frequently with small amounts

Q: A teacher and a paraprofessional observed a student in class using a new computer program simulation. Using 20 second intervals they recorded the data which appears below. These data are in sufficient agreement for a behavior change program to begin.(T) X X X O X X O O X O(P) X O X O X O O O X X

Q: To establish effective instructional practices the following should be present: a. clear lesson plans b. brisk instruction c. engaging teacher characteristics d. all of the above

Q: The Premack Principle is the reinforcement system used most often by teachers. Which of the following is an example of the Premack Principle?a. If you stay outside for 10 more minutes, then you must do your entire math problemsb. If you finish all your work, then you may have free time for 10 minutesc. If you are the line leader for today, then you must be quiet during study periodd. If you get a drink of water, then you must stay in your seat the rest of the day

Q: Of the observational data recording systems, the one which results in the most accurate representation of the occurrence of the behavior is interval recording.

Q: When structuring classroom time which of the following is appropriate: a. picture schedule b. use of timer c. both a and b d. none of the above

Q: Individuals are MOST likely to satiate on: a. CRF schedules b. FR schedules c. FI schedules d. VR schedules

Q: The period between the presentation of a discriminative stimulus and the initiation of a response is called the latency period.

Q: When structuring the physical arrangement of the classroom one must consider: a. observation of all students b. physical spacing of students c. delineation of work areas d. all of the above

Q: Individuals are LEAST likely to satiate on: a. CRF schedules b. FR schedules c. FI schedules d. VR schedules

Q: The method of data collection that provides the most accurate record of how long a behavior occurs is duration recording.

Q: The classroom appearance should be attractive.

Q: A "learned" reinforcer is also known as: a. natural reinforcer b. deprived reinforcer c. aversive reinforcer d. conditional reinforcer

Q: A measurement of accuracy is only one dimension for evaluating performance. It represents the acquisition level of performance. Briefly describe the other 3 levels of performance.

Q: The physical arrangement of the classroom should clearly delineate work and play areas.

Q: Confirmation of the reinforcing properties of a stimulus lies in: a. the stimulus b. the effect on behavior c. the schedule d. the teacher

Q: The four components of a behavioral objective are:

Q: Procedures tell students how they should behave.

Q: All basic reinforcement systems have the following elements: a. the teacher presents the antecedent discriminative stimulus b. the student performs the requested response c. the appropriate reinforcer is presented to the student d. all of the above

Q: Educational goals for individual students must be developed on the basis of evaluation data and other factors. Briefly list 3 of these other factors.

Q: Too many rules may be inefficient.

Q: A positive reinforcer is a consequence stimulus which:a. increases the future rate, is delivered contingently and immediately following a desired behaviorb. maintains constant rates, and is delivered consequentlyc. decreases a behavior, is delivered contingently and immediately following a behavior.d. maintains rate of a behavior, is delivered contingently and immediately following a desired behavior

Q: This level of learning requires students to use a concept in various settings or situations.a. generalizationb. applicationc. acquisitiond. analysis

Q: Teacher characteristics are not important in establishing an effective classroom and instruction.

Q: Primary reinforcers include all of the following EXCEPT: a. juice b. stickers c. raisins d. cookies

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of Bloom's levels of learning?a. analysisb. generalizationc. synthesisd. comprehension

Q: Effective rules describe observable behaviors.

Q: Negative reinforcement may be defined as the contingent presentation of an aversive stimulus immediately following a response that increases the future rate of the response.

Q: When selecting a criterion for mastery, the teacher should consider:a. nature of the contentb. ability of the studentc. number of learning opportunities to be providedd. all of the above

Q: Classroom rules should be specific and clearly established.

Q: A limited hold contingency allows teacher to make the reinforcer available for long periods of time following the elapsed interval.

Q: Which of the following would be an example of a long-term educational goal for a student with a severe disability?a. demonstrate knowledge of how to solve an algebraic equationb. decrease out-of-seat behaviorc. point to the largest item in an array for three consecutive sessionsd. both b and c

Q: The pace of instruction should be brisk.

Q: The passage of time is associated with interval schedules of reinforcement.

Q: All of the following are reasons for identifying the target behavior in the behavioral objective EXCEPT:a. consistency in behavior observationb. required by lawc. facilitates continuity of instructiond. confirmation by a third party

Q: Classroom schedules should be flexible.

Q: Schedules of reinforcement refer to patterns of timing for delivery of reinforcers.

Q: Mike's job coach was concerned with his production on the job site. Mike had mastered the assembly skills but was having difficulty keeping up with the competitive job production of his coworkers. Mike's job coach should work on which of the following?a. Acquisitionb. Fluencyc. Generalizationd. None of the above

Q: The physical arrangement of the classroom is an important component of establishing stimulus control.

Q: A teacher's attention is usually the MOST readily available and potent reinforcer in a classroom.

Q: During the third grade, John learned his multiplication facts. Upon returning to school after the summer break, his fourth grade teacher tested his ability to recite his multiplication facts. John's fourth grade teacher was assessing which skill level?a. Maintenanceb. Generalizationc. Fluencyd. Overlearning

Q: Give an example of the use of a self reinforcement procedure.

Q: Token reinforcement systems require two components: tokens and back up reinforcers.

Q: ____________ is the ability to perform a behavior under conditions different from those in place during acquisition.a. Generalizationb. Fluencyc. Overlearningd. Distributed Practice

Q: Select one self recording strategy and give an example of its use.

Q: Generalized reinforcers are less susceptible to satiation.

Q: When presented with a fast food menu at Burger Barn, Brooke will place her order within 30 seconds, 8 out of 10 trials over 3 consecutive weeks. This objective represents the _____________ level of response competence.a. Generalizationb. Fluencyc. Acquisitiond. Maintenance

Q: Meichenbaum has detailed a five-step procedure for self instruction. List the five steps in this procedure.

Q: A reinforcer that has been associated with a variety of behaviors or with access to a variety of other reinforcers is known as an activity reinforcer.

Q: Which of the following is not an appropriate target behavior for an objective?a. Understand the value of coinsb. Point to the correct algebraic formulac. Increase the number of times student raises her hand during a 30-minute lessond. Independently operate a microwave oven

Q: List four factors that appear to influence the effectiveness of self instruction.

Q: The Premack Principle states that any activity a student voluntarily performs frequently may be used as a reinforcer for any activity he seldom performs voluntarily.

Q: It is important for a behavior to be operationally defined because a. It ensures that the teacher is consistently observing the same behavior b. It allows for confirmation by a third party c. It facilitates continuity of instruction d. All of the above

Q: List the two primary reasons attributed to the success of self recording procedures in assisting behavior change.

Q: Tangible reinforcers include things like extra time at recess or free time using the computer.

Q: "Point to the correct answer" is an example of which component of a behavioral objective?a. Target behaviorb. Learnerc. Conditionsd. Criteria for acceptable performance

Q: The first step in self-instruction involves: a. an adult modeling the procedure while overtly talking through each step b. a student completing the steps following an adults directions c. a student completes the steps following picture prompts d. none of the above

Q: The more effective reinforcers are those selected by the target student.

Q: Which component is missing from the following objective? "When presented with a textbook and the verbal directive to read a specific page, Allison will open her book and begin reading."a. Learnerb. Target behaviorc. Criteria for acceptable performanced. Conditions under which the behavior is to be displayed

Q: One of the most common forms of self-punishment includes _______________. a. response cost with a token reinforcement systems b. self-injurious behavior c. stereotypic behavior d. none of the above

Q: The opposite of deprivation is satiation.

Q: Refining broad generalizations into specific, observable, measurable behaviors is known asa. Pinpointingb. Specificationc. Individualizationd. Modification

Q: In _____________, students report an occurrence of their behavior. a. self-recording b. self-evaluation c. self-reinforcement d. self-instruction

Q: Primary reinforcers are almost always effective.

Q: Requiring a student to use a method, concept, or theory in various concrete situations require what level of learning?a. Comprehensionb. Synthesisc. Applicationd. Evaluation

Q: In ____________, students compare their work against some standard of performance. a. self-recording b. self-evaluation c. self-reinforcement d. self-instruction

Q: A positive reinforcer is also an antecedent stimulus.

Q: An optimum number of overlearning opportunities is approximately _____% of the number of trials required for acquisition of the behavior.a. 50%b. 25%c. 33%d. 75%

Q: When teaching students to set goals, they should be: a. specific b. achievable c. challenging d. all of the above

Q: Negative reinforcement is the contingent removal of some unpleasant stimulus that increases behavior.

Q: _____________ refers to repeated practice after an objective has been initially accomplished.a. Response Promptingb. Fluencyc. Overlearningd. Distributed practice

Q: Self-management is made up of many components. Which of the following is a component of self- management?a. goal settingb. self-reinforcementc. self-evaluationd. all of the above

Q: Tokens are not appropriate for lower functioning students.

Q: Which component is missing from the following objective? "Jason will fill the ice cube tray independently during 4 out of 5 sessions."a. Learnerb. Target behaviorc. Conditiond. Criteria for acceptable performance

Q: Ms. Kirkland set up a picture schedule to transition students between activities. Once a student completed an activity they compared their work to a picture of the task completed. Ms. Kirkland's students were engaged in _______________.a. self-monitoringb. self-instructionc. self-reinforcementd. none of the above