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Education
Q:
For students to learn self instructional strategies effectively and completely, during the modeling of the strategies the teacher should include skills of:a. problem definitionb. focusing attentionc. self reinforcementd. all of the above
Q:
Which is NOT considered an occasion in which IDEA requires the development of a behavior support plan?
a. when a student causes disruption in school and community-based educational environments
b. when a student's behavior is such that it may result in a suspension up to ten days
c. when a student's behavior is such that it may result in a change of educational placement
d. when a pattern of behavior impedes the learning of the student or of another student
Q:
Briefly discuss the importance of adequate training for persons who implement applied behavior analysis procedures.
Q:
Self instruction is a strategy of providing oneself verbal prompts for:
a. academic content
b. answer correction
c. task completion
d. reinforcer selection
Q:
Which of the following is considered a setting event?
a. classroom noise or temperature level
b. hunger
c. both a and b
d. none of the above
Q:
List and explain three rights of individuals who are recipients of behavioral change programs as proposed by the American Association for Behavior Analysis.
Q:
Response-coast may maximize a student's fear of failure.
Q:
Students frequently engage in inappropriate behaviors when
a. their schedule is interrupted
b. they lack the ability to communicate effectively
c. they are disciplined
d. they are internally stimulated
Q:
Define and give a rationale for social validity.
Q:
Self-punishment is more effective that self-reinforcement.
Q:
A child who wants more juice interrupts her mother who is talking on the phone. As the child's interruptions become louder and more insistent, the mother abruptly ends her call and immediately attends to the child. More than likely, the next time the mother is on the phone and her child wants somethinga. the mother will ignore the childb. the child will take care of her own needs because her mother taught her how to do soc. the child will interrupt the motherd. all of the above
Q:
Define what is meant by the statement "the relationship between behavior and the environment is reciprocal". Give an example.
Q:
Aversives are acceptable when used by students who are using the self-punishment technique.
Q:
Which behavior may serve to gain a tangible object?
a. reading quietly
b. banging a pencil
c. taking notes
d. all of the above
Q:
Which of the following statements is true?
a It is unethical to believe that any child is not capable of learning academic and preacademic skills.
b. It is unethical to waste the time of students for whom there is clear evidence that they are not capable of mastering traditional academics.
c. It is unethical not to consider the particular environment in which an individual lives when making decisions about the skills to be taught.
d. All of the above.
Q:
Teacher selected performance standards are often more lenient that student selected.
Q:
Which behavior may serve to gain a teacher's attention?
a. reading quietly
b. banging a pencil
c. taking notes
d. all of the above
Q:
Voluntary participation in a behavior-change program must be:
a. informed
b. voluntary
c. both a and b
d. none of the above
Q:
Even inaccurate self-recording may result in a student's positive behavior change.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT considered a behavior rating scale?
a. A-B-C Descriptive Analysis
b. Functional Analysis Screening Tool (FAST)
c. Motivation Assessment Scale (MAS)
d. Problem Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ)
Q:
In an attempt to keep ahead with his paperwork, Mr. Martin goes ahead and writes Frankie's IEP goals, objectives, and behavior management plan for the next year before the IEP meeting. Which ethical rule is Mr. Martin ignoring?a. The right to the most effective treatment procedures availableb. The right to services whose overriding goal is personal welfarec. The right to treatment by a competent behavior analystd. The right to a therapeutic environment
Q:
An advantage of transferring behavior management from the teacher to the student is that the student becomes more independent.
Q:
Which of the following would NOT be considered a communicative function of inappropriate behavior?
a. Lying in the floor instead of sitting in the desk
b. Refusing to answer when called upon
c. Painting finger nails during English class
d. Feeling angry as the result of a request
Q:
Jay is allowed to use his augmentative communication device only during break, lunch, and leisure time. According to his teacher, when his device is used during instructional time, it is distracting to other students. Which ethical rule has Jay's teacher ignored?a. The right to a therapeutic environmentb. The right to treatment by a competent behavior analystc. The right to the most effective treatment procedures availabled. The right to services whose overriding goal is personal welfare
Q:
In classrooms self punishment has been used for the administration of aversive stimuli.
Q:
To determine the most effective intervention for a behavior, it is necessary to analyze:
a. Antecedents and Behaviors
b. Behaviors and Consequences
c. Consequences and Antecedents
d. Antecedents only
Q:
Excited about her classroom visitors, Ms. Phillips points to Olivia and explains that although she has a learning disability, she has made progress in math over the past two weeks. Which ethical rule has Ms. Phillips broken?a. The right to services whose overriding goal is personal welfareb. The right to treatment by a competent behavior analystc. The right to the most effective treatment procedures availabled. The right to a therapeutic environment
Q:
Self determined contingencies and teacher determined contingencies can be equally effective in producing behavior change.
Q:
The stimuli that occasion or signal the opportunity to perform a behavior are known as:
a. Antecedents
b. Behaviors
c. Consequences
d. Preceding variables
Q:
A "therapeutic environment" is always:
a. safe, humane, and responsive to individual needs
b. the general education classroom
c. the setting providing the fewest distractions thus providing greater effectiveness of behavioral strategies
d. all of the above
Q:
Students can never be taught to be accurate in self recording.
Q:
Every time the teacher asks a question, an overly eager student raises and waves his hands in front of her. In order to get him to stop this behavior, the teacher calls on him for the answer. The probability of the student raising and waving his hands again is:a. increasedb. decreasedc. not likelyd. a or b
Q:
Which of the following is NOT an appropriate means for assessing social validity?
a. Questionnaires
b. Interviews
c. Behavioral observations
d. Surveys
Q:
Providing oneself with verbal prompts is called self instruction.
Q:
Teachers often miss the function of a behavior because they are preoccupied with a behavior's ____________.
a. Frequency
b. Topography
c. Latency
d. Rate
Q:
In order for a practice to be considered "socially valid" it must:
a. meet the acceptability requirements of its consumers
b. meet the social acceptability requirements of the environment
c. use techniques considered ethical by professionals
d. all of the above
Q:
Self management procedures are unnatural.
Q:
Factors affecting the efficiency of a response do NOT include:
a. physical effort required to perform the response
b. schedule of reinforcement
c. delay between discriminative stimulus and delivery of reinforcer
d. degree of student's disability
Q:
A _________ position holds that human behavior is lawful and its causes can be identified in environmental events.a. Deterministicb. Constructivistc. Positivistd. Gestalt
Q:
The best person to manage a student's behavior is the student.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of informant assessment?
a. informant's memory
b. informant's potential bias
c. informant's ability to analyze behavior
d. informant's ability to verbalize what was seen
Q:
Which of the following would be a procedure used by an applied behavior analyst?a. Shock therapyb. Gestalt therapyc. Contingency contractingd. Drug therapy
Q:
While modeling a self instruction strategy, the teacher should sometimes purposefully make an error in her approach to solving a problem.
Q:
When parents or teachers react to inappropriate behavior by offering a student various items or activities until the inappropriate behavior stops, they risk maintaining the inappropriate behavior with:a. positive reinforcementb. negative reinforcementc. extinctiond. punishment
Q:
The primary reason to behave ethically is to:
a. act within the law
b. act consistently with what one believes is right
c. act in a professional manner
d. all of the above
Q:
Self recording can always be assumed to have reinforcing qualities.
Q:
Quantitative measures of topography include all EXCEPT:
a. frequency
b. duration
c. percentage of intervals during which a behavior occurs
d. degree of malice involved
Q:
Which factors must be considered when attempting to determine whether a proposed intervention is ethical?
a. community standards
b. individual freedom and responsibility of the student
c. laws
d. all of the above
Q:
It is important to teach self evaluative coping skills and error correction options.
Q:
When an intervention like a token system works for all but one or two students in a group, it is likely that:
a. those students are too seriously disturbed to respond
b. there is powerful competing reinforcers available outside the token system
c. the students' home situation is so poor that their behavior is essentially unchangeable
d. those students will respond only to punishment
Q:
Forms of applied behavior analysis include:
a. hypnosis
b. drug therapy
c. electroconvlusive shock therapy
d. none of the above
Q:
Focusing on three strategies for teaching generalization, discuss how a teacher might use these strategies for promoting generalized reading skills.
Q:
When students escape from a task or environment by performing an inappropriate behavior that behavior is likely to be maintained by:a. positive reinforcementb. negative reinforcementc. extinctiond. punishment
Q:
The laws of behavior operate:
a. only for the mentally handicapped
b. for students with mental ages between 2"7 years
c. for all but gifted students
d. for all of us
Q:
Describe some opportunities for teaching generalization during community-based instruction. Provide examples.
Q:
The primary purpose of scatter plot assessment is to:
a. determine the cause of behaviors that occur in bursts
b. present data in an easily readable format
c. specifically identify potential controlling variables
d. identify time related patterns of behavior
Q:
A primary consideration that guides teachers in designing a program to change a student's behavior is:
a. proven effectiveness of a technique
b. administrative desires
c. availability of materials
d. student's mental age
Q:
Briefly describe how trapping is used to promote generalization.
Q:
All of the following are useful generalizations from the emerging literature on functional assessment analysis EXCEPT:a. for many students, inappropriate behavior leads to escape from aversive tasks or situationsb. all inappropriate behavior can be decreased or eliminated by teaching a functionally equivalent, appropriate behaviorc. much inappropriate behavior serves a communicative functiond. much inappropriate behavior is occasioned by high demand situations
Q:
Teachers are accountable to:
a. administrative supervisors
b. parents of their students
c. the community
d. all of the above
Q:
Give a brief explanation of the rationale involved in providing generalization training. Who should provide it?
Q:
The MAS is:
a. Model/Analyze/Structure, a systematic method for teaching equivalent behaviors.
b. Multielement Analysis of Stimuli, a method of verifying hypotheses about behavioral functions
c. Motivation Assessment Scale, a structured questionnaire used for informant interviews
d. Manipulation of Antecedent Stimuli, a way to avoid presenting events that occasion inappropriate behavior
Q:
The relationship between behavior and the environment is:
a. unilateral
b. reciprocal
c. parallel
d. linear
Q:
Briefly explain the differences between stimulus generalization, response maintenance, and response generalization.
Q:
The same behavior exhibited by two different students may serve two different functions.
Q:
For those students with maladaptive behaviors and limited adaptive behaviors in their repertoire, the teacher may need to:
a. just ignore the maladaptive behaviors
b. eliminate the maladaptive behaviors first
c. teach adaptive behaviors as soon as possible.
d. both b and c
Q:
Ms. Wilson's class went two days a week to work at a local grocery store. To assist with generalization, such as sorting, she created a simulation of the grocery store in their classroom. This is an example of teaching generalization using :a. indiscriminable contingenciesb. programming common stimulic. training looselyd. general case programming
Q:
Under the play condition of behavior, instances of inappropriate behavior is minimal or nonexistent for a student.
Q:
In learning applied behavior analysis procedures, good supervision includes:
a. training and observation
b. training and evaluation
c. training and implementation
d. both a and b
Q:
This schedule of reinforcement leads to increased maintenance of the behavior.
a. CRF
b. intermittent
c. noncontingent
d. none of the above
Q:
The function of inappropriate behavior represented in the alone condition is to gain positive reinforcement.
Q:
The following procedures should be administered only under the supervision of a qualified instructor:
a. shaping
b. aversives
c. exclusion
d. all of the above
Q:
Cheryl was learning to place a food order when at a local restaurant. During her training period, Cheryl was taught to make her selection when asked, "May I take your order." However, when at the local restaurant Cheryl did not respond with her food order when asked, "What can I get you." Cheryl demonstrated a lack of ______________________.a. response generalizationb. stimulus generalizationc. response maintenanced. A and B only
Q:
The function of inappropriate behavior represented in the demand condition is negative reinforcement.
Q:
Voluntary participation is facilitated by:
a. avoiding threats and incentives that are too powerful
b. involving the subjects of the program in selecting as few aspects of the program as possible
c. both a and b
d. none of the above
Q:
The process of trapping a behavior is used when teaching generalization under conditions of ____________________.a. sequential modificationb. train and hopec. natural maintaining contingenciesd. none of the above
Q:
Behavior rating scales are instruments designed to obtain more qualitative information from informants.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT important to the consumers of education (students, parents, community)?
a. goals
b. procedures
c. outcomes
d. standardized assessment instruments
Q:
When teaching students to generalize, this procedure provides that the teacher delivers reinforcement only for responses that are different from previous responses to the cue.a. stimulus generalizationb. lag schedule of reinforcementc. differential reinforcementd. response generalization
Q:
Direct observation strategies to gather information by taking data on the behavior while the student is engaged in it is also known as informant assessment.