Q&A Hero

Q: The practical nature of the Cistercians led to what change in the traditional monastery plan? A. the use of concrete instead of stone construction B. key buildings placed at right angles to the cloister C. the church separated from the cloister by a courtyard D. an added clerestory, which provided natural light from above

Q: What feature distinguishes Cluniac churches in Burgundy from those elsewhere? A. accommodations made in the design to fit the needs of pilgrims B. the use of Corinthian columns and other classicizing elements C. rich sculptural and painted decorations D. an emphasis on regional style and tradition

Q: Cluny was unusual among monasteries because the abbot answered to A. the Pope in Rome. B. the Duke of Burgundy. C. the local feudal lord. D. the Bishop of Paris.

Q: The oldest known bronze tomb effigy is of A. King Ralph. B. Rudolf of Swabia. C. Reiner of Huy. D. Homilies of Guda.

Q: The nave of the Abbey Church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe (Fig. 16-13) shows the biblical story of A. the Creation. B. Noah and the Flood. C. the Expulsion. D. Tower of Babel.

Q: Which new system of masonry, which would become a hallmark of later Gothic architecture, was introduced in Durham Cathedral (Fig. 16-18)? A. ribbed groin vaults B. barrel vaults C. transverse arches D. strip buttresses

Q: What is the Leaning Tower of Pisa at the cathedral complex at Pisa? A. baptistry B. crypt C. campanile D. altar

Q: Which was the largest church in Europe at the time of its completion in 1130? A. San Miniato B. Saint Peters C. Cluny III D. Santo Domingo

Q: The Church of Sant Vincen (Fig. 16-3) is an example of the First Romanesque because A. it is laid out on a pilgrimage plan. B. it is laid out on a basilica plan. C. it relies on stone vaulting and masonry construction. D. the design allowed for flat-wall continuity along the nave.

Q: Compare the purpose and function of secular architecture to that of Romanesque monasteries.

Q: Examine the purposes, subjects, and iconography of sculpture in wood and bronze.

Q: Compare the use of religious imagery in illuminated manuscripts and codices.

Q: Investigate and describe the decoration of Romanesque churches.

Q: Trace the stylistic development of the Romanesque church.

Q: How did the sculptors of the Priory Church of Saint-Pierre at Moissac achieve variety in their work?

Q: How was Dover Castle in England an example of providing for personal security?

Q: In which cathedrals did masons experiment with vaults?

Q: How does Speyer Cathedral emphasize Ottonian qualities?

Q: How did the exteriors of Tuscan basilicas differ from those of other early Christian basilicas?

Q: How was the monastery of Cluny in Burgundy a city in itself?

Q: What inspired the faithful to travel on pilgrimages?

Q: How did intellectual life bloom in the eleventh and twelfth centuries?

Q: How does the Worcester Chronicle depict medieval society?

Q: Discuss the design, iconography, and purpose of the illustrated books of the Early Christian British Isles.

Q: Describe the Mozarabic style in Spain.

Q: What influences of the Roman Empire were seen in the Carolingian and Ottonian dynasties?

Q: How did the Vikings affect the art world? What specific artistic trends did they set?

Q: How do the arts of the Carolingian dynasty compare with those of the Ottonian dynasty?

Q: What do the Doors of Bishop Bernward depict (Fig. 15-27)?

Q: What did the Oseberg ship contain, and what was its intended use?

Q: How does the Gero Crucifix (Fig. 15-26) appeal emotionally to viewers?

Q: Why were manuscript covers often reused or stolen?

Q: What were the special needs of a monastic community?

Q: What was the result of St. Augustines successful mission?

Q: What artifacts were contained in the burial ship at Sutton Hoo?

Q: How did the barbarians use animal style in their art?

Q: What time period is considered to be the Middle Ages?

Q: How does the life of Galla Placidia bring the fall of the Roman Empire to life?

Q: Monumental stone crosses were influenced by A. metalworking traditions. B. architecture. C. imperial sculpture. D. catacomb painting.

Q: Which design is seen in the Gummersmark Brooch (Fig. 15-3)? A. words and initials B. warrior and rulers C. crosses and circles D. monsters and beasts

Q: Supported by the Carolingians, the most dominant form of monasticism throughout Europe became A. Merovingian. B. Benedictine. C. Celtic. D. Ionian.

Q: In the early 900s, a new Saxon dynasty came to power in lands corresponding roughly to present-day Germany and Austria; this dynasty was known as the A. Ottonians. B. Hiberno-Saxons. C. Merovingians. D. Carolingians.

Q: Much Scandinavian architecture consisted of wooden frames filled with A. mortar. B. waddle-and-daub. C. runes. D. louver.

Q: Which workone of the most famous Carolingian manuscriptsuses ink drawings to illustrate the words and images of individual psalms literally? A. Ebbo Gospels B. Book of Durrow C. Lindisfarne Gospel Book D. Utrecht Psalter

Q: Which plan did most Carolingian churches follow? A. martyrium B. cross C. basilican D. central

Q: Charlemagne established a dynasty and an empire known today as the A. Carolingian. B. Ottonian. C. Merovingian. D. Frankish.

Q: Which artistic style was a fusion of Celtic, Romanized British, Germanic, and Norse traditions? A. barbarian B. Carolingian C. Hiberno-Saxon D. Frank

Q: Which style influenced the sharply outlined drawings and lavish fields of gold in the Hitda Gospels (Fig. 15-28) and the Gospels of Otto III (Fig. 15-29)? A. Islamic B. Hiberno-Saxon C. Byzantine D. Early Christian

Q: What is notable about the Doors of Bishop Bernward in Hildesheim (Fig. 15-27)? A. The artists used a strict pre-Christian, iconographical program to relay the narrative. B. They were the most complex bronze-casting project undertaken since antiquity. C. They were inspired by the Byzantine use of narrative sculpture relief. D. The monastic collaboration included the employment of secular artists.

Q: Why did many Ottonian cathedrals burn down in the eleventh century? A. Muslim invaders destroyed them. B. The number of wooden sculptures made them susceptible to fire. C. Riots protesting imperial rule led to massive destruction. D. Their timber roofs made them susceptible to fire.

Q: What structure is at the center of the Saint Gall plan (Fig. 15-19), which reflects the basic design used in the layout of medieval monasteries? A. a large basilican church B. the monks living quarters C. a cloister D. the dining room

Q: The animated poses of the angels and mourners on the cover of the Lindau Gospels are similar to the energetic expressionism of A. the Book of Durrow. B. the Coronation Gospels. C. the Utrecht Psalter. D. the Gospels of Otto III.

Q: Which Roman prototype provided an artistic model for realizing Charlemagnes vision of the Renewal of the Roman Empire? A. equestrian portraits B. royal rune stones C. ivory plaques D. illustrated manuscripts

Q: Maiuss illustrations for Beatuss Commentary on the Apocalypse (Fig. 15-15) reveals the bold patterns and colorful forms of the A. animal style. B. Mozarabic style. C. classicizing style. D. Carolingian style.

Q: On the page from the Lindisfarne Gospel Book, Matthew Writing His Gospel (Fig. 15-8), what suggests a break with Roman traditions? A. iconography B. blank background C. modeling drapery D. intuitive perspective

Q: Why did Celtic Christians develop their own liturgical practices and distinctive artistic traditions? A. They refused to accept the authority of Bishop of Rome. B. They had little contact with Rome until the sixth century. C. Celtic mythological beliefs prevailed over Christianity among the general population. D. Celtic rulers imposed strict regulations in terms of language and iconography.

Q: Seafaring bands of Norse seamen were called A. Scandinavians. B. Danes. C. Vikings. D. Soviets.

Q: The page from the Ebbo Gospels (Fig. 15-21) shows St. Matthew receiving the Word of God from his symbol, the distant A. lion. B. lamb. C. angel. D. physician.

Q: Which work is an example of the technique known as repouss? A. Equestrian Portrait of Charles the Bald (?) (Fig. 15-16) B. Crucifixion with Angels and Mourning Figures (Fig. 15-23) C. Otto I Presenting Magdeburg Cathedral to Christ (Fig. 15-24) D. Gero Crucifix (Fig. 15-26)

Q: Christians in the Muslim territories were called A. Mozarabs. B. Mesopotamians. C. Israelites. D. Iranians.

Q: What is was the most likely use of the Lindisfarne Gospel Book? A. It was the primary reference used by monks at the monastery at Lindisfarne. B. It was read during liturgical services by the bishop of Lindisfarne. C. It was carried during processionals and displayed on the altar. D. It was used by a wealthy patron in private devotion.

Q: A cornerstone of Christian philosophy is the text of A. The City of God. B. The Realm of the Lord. C. The Gospel of Paul. D. The Word of Matthew.

Q: The Book of Kells (Fig. 15-1) was produced on A. papyrus. B. paper. C. deckles. D. vellum.

Q: How did the Roman and Byzantine worlds influence African art?

Q: Focusing on the civilizations discussed in this chapter, explain how sub-Saharan art demonstrates an integral connection between a cultures rulers and religious beliefs.

Q: Discuss how trade with other cultures impacted the art of West and Central Africa.

Q: Rock art is found throughout the African continent. Discuss the scenes depicted on the examples of African rock art.

Q: Discuss the bead trade in West and Central Africa.

Q: What were the greatest exports of southern African societies?

Q: What were some of the most popular imports to Africa?

Q: What is the extensive iconography of the Hip Pendant of the Iyoba Idia (Fig. 14-16)?

Q: How did Benin rise, fall, and then rise again?

Q: What is the lost-wax casting technique?

Q: What are specific characteristics of Nok sculpture as seen in Head (Fig. 14-13)?

Q: How and when was Islam introduced into Africa?

Q: Discuss the Nubian relationship with Egypt.

Q: What are three concepts that are of great importance to the study of African history, and why? Answer: Many works of art are created to honor, harness, or communicate with spiritual forces. Large-scale architecture was created to show wealth and power. Group identity and unity were more important than individual distinction.

Q: What is the term for horns exported to Europe and created by carvers from Sierra Leone (Sapi in Portuguese)? A. bullhorns B. vuvuzelas C. oliphants D. trumpets

Q: Old Djenn excavations have led to the discovery of hundred of polished, low-fire terra-cotta figures. In what country can Old Djenn be found? A. Mali B. Zimbabwe C. Nigeria D. Kongo

Q: The extraordinary artisans of the Yoruba peoples modeled flesh with what thin, parallel patterns? A. acidification B. scarification C. rectification D. justification