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Elementary Education
Q:
When an official makes a decision based on statistics related to poverty, he or she is likely using which kind of indicator?
a. Economic circumstance
b. Behavior
c. Education
d. Housing
Q:
A celebrity is an example of a(n)
a. microsystem.
b. high-context macrosystem.
c. social shift in responsibility from one group to another.
d. information intermediary.
Q:
The No Child Left behind Act is an example of a(n)
a. microsystem.
b. high-context macrosystem.
c. social shift in responsibility from one system to another.
d. information intermediary.
Q:
According to your text, systems of government in the United States are shifting from what to what?
a. Materialistic to paternalistic
b. Paternalistic policies to policies of empowerment
c. Egalitarian to robust
d. Mesosystems to macrosystems
Q:
Socializing agents generally aim to prepare children for both
a. stability and change.
b. trust and mistrust.
c. abuse and neglect.
d. the past and the present.
Q:
Examples of chronosystems include
a. changes in computer technology over time.
b. the physical changes of puberty.
c. increases in school violence over time.
d. all of these.
Q:
Compared to members of low-context macrosystems, members of high-context macrosystems are more likely to
a. try to control nature.
b. expect personal freedom.
c. follow traditional role expectations.
d. have fragmented social relationships.
Q:
When what is said is more important than who said it, the system is most likely a(n)
a. low-context microsystem.
b. high-context macrosystem.
c. low-context macrosystem.
d. elemental system.
Q:
A low-context macrosystem is characterized by _________, whereas a high-context macrosystem is characterized by _________.
a. competition; cooperation
b. rationality; intuitiveness
c. progress; tradition
d. all of these
Q:
According to your text, people differ in their unconscious assumptions about
a. personal space.
b. time.
c. interpersonal relations.
d. all of these.
Q:
Exosystems affect children
a. indirectly.
b. directly.
c. through the school only.
d. none of these; exosystems do not affect children.
Q:
An example of an exosystem is
a. a parent's job.
b. an elementary school.
c. the relationship between family and school.
d. a peer group.
Q:
The relationships between family and school are part of the
a. microsystem.
b. macrosystem.
c. mesosystem.
d. exosystem.
Q:
Micro is to exo as
a. small is to outside.
b. big is to little.
c. responsive is to nonresponsive.
d. small is to big.
Q:
The media differs from the community in that
a. the media is not a small, interactive setting.
b. children cannot interact with any media types.
c. children cannot learn attitudes and values from the media.
d. all of these.
Q:
The microsystem in which children formally learn about their society is which of the following?
a. Family
b. Peer group
c. School
d. Community
Q:
The family offers the child his or her first opportunities to
a. experience nurturance.
b. observe models of behavior.
c. experience language.
d. all of these.
Q:
The socializing agent that is thought to have the most significant impact on a child's development is
a. family.
b. parent's work.
c. macrosystem.
d. media.
Q:
Which of the following is not part of the microsystem?
a. School
b. Peer group
c. Family
d. Religion
Q:
Kevin and Jai are parents raising their infant daughter Kelli. Kevin and Jai are best described as part of Kelli's
a. microsystem.
b. exosystem.
c. macrosystem.
d. chronosystem.
Q:
The bioecological model
a. can accommodate other theories.
b. was developed by Bronfenbrenner.
c. provides a "whole picture" of the developing child.
d. all of these.
Q:
Which of the following proposed a stage theory describing cognitive development in childhood?
a. Piaget
b. Bronfenbrenner
c. Aries
d. Woods
Q:
An organized set of statements that explain observations, integrates different facts or events, and predicts future outcomes is called a(n)
a. theory.
b. adaptation.
c. system.
d. event.
Q:
Instruction, feedback, and reinforcement are all examples of
a. socialization variables considered "input."
b. socialization variables considered "outputs."
c. attachment.
d. direct change.
Q:
In Walden Two, children were given alternate strategies to avoid
a. temptation.
b. using drugs and alcohol.
c. losing a baseball game.
d. child abuse.
Q:
Which of the following is not an "output" of socialization?
Self-esteem
a. Values
b. Attitudes
c. Socialization interactions
d. Self-esteem
Q:
According to your text, a common concern in the United States today is
a. the "loss" of childhood.
b. the use of children for heavy labor.
c. the lack of separate laws governing child punishment and adult punishment.
d. child death and disease.
Q:
According to Aries, children were treated as "miniature adults" during which historical period?
a. Before the Renaissance
b. During the Industrial Revolution
c. In the 21stcentury
d. During the Great Depression
Q:
Children are socialized by
a. parents.
b. friends.
c. characters in movies and books.
d. all of these.
Q:
Which of the following is true?
a. Children absorb the verbal as well as the nonverbal cues of others.
b. Intentional socialization can end up being unintentional.
c. Much of socialization takes place spontaneously during human interactions.
d. All of these are true.
Q:
An adult tells a 6-year old to share a toy with a 4-year-old sibling. This is an example of what kind of socialization?
a. Intentional
b. Unintentional
c. Private
d. Challenging
Q:
Kochanska (1995, 1997) found that gentle parenting techniques were
a. less effective in getting timid children to comply as compared to assertive children.
b. more effective in getting timid children to comply as compared to assertive children.
c. equally effective in getting timid children and assertive children to comply.
d. none of these.
Q:
Samantha is generally in a positive mood, has regular rhythms, and can adapt to change with ease. Which temperament style does Samantha exhibit?
a. Easy
b. Difficult
c. Slow-to-warm-up
d. Unclassified
Q:
The difficult child has what kind of response?
a. Intense
b. Mild
c. Indifferent
d. Adaptable
Q:
A happy, sociable child is more likely to engage others in social activities than a moody, shy child. This is an example of a(n)
a. passive genotype"environment interaction.
b. active genotype"environment interaction.
c. evocative genotype"environment interaction.
d. none of these.
Q:
Genetic prewiring that motivates a person to seek out compatible environments is called
a. active.
b. passive.
c. language-rich.
d. responsive.
Q:
The total composite of hereditary instructions coded in the genes at the moment of conception is one's
a. identity.
b. genotype.
c. exosystem.
d. chronosystem.
Q:
The process of socialization begins
a. at birth.
b. before birth.
c. at school-age.
d. after birth.
Q:
"Socialization as a reciprocal process" refers to which of the following ideas?
a. When individuals interact, a response in one individual usually elicits a response in the other.
b. Both mothers and fathers are important in the lives of children.
c. Children are socialized by many people; many people are important in their lives.
d. Human interactions change over time.
Q:
The process by which externally controlled behavior shifts to internally controlled, or self-controlled, behavior is
a. internalization.
b. socialization.
c. reciprocal connection.
d. cultural change.
Q:
According to Handel, Cahill, and Elkin (2007), socialization occurs
a. by means of communication.
b. through interactions with significant others.
c. in emotionally significant contexts.
d. all of these.
Q:
The process by which individuals acquire the knowledge, skills, and character traits that enable them to participate as effective members of groups and society is called
a. socialization.
b. maturation.
c. temperament.
d. revolution.
Q:
Forces affecting how children are socialized include which of the following?
a. Demographics
b. Economics
c. Politics
d. All of these
Q:
Describe the who, what, where, when, how and why method of documentation.
Q:
What are some methods for interpreting and using evaluation results?
Q:
What are some examples of key terms related to evaluation and documentation?
Q:
What questions should you ask before starting the evaluation process to determine the focus and scope of your evaluation?
Q:
An effective piece of documentation does all but which of the following?a. Records information in a systematic fashion b. Tells the story of the activity being evaluated c. Identifies action items and areas of strengthd. Tells the purpose of an event or activity being evaluated
Q:
You have received the results of an evaluation of your classroom. The children in your classroom performed below expectations. Which of the following is the appropriate first next step?a. Attempt to determine if might have influenced the results, factors such as unclear learning objectives or inattention due to insufficient outdoor play time on the day of the evaluationb. Completely redesign your classroom learning centers because the current design is clearly ineffective c. Engage the children in drill and practice until they have mastered the learning objective in questiond. Redo all your lesson and activity plans for the next month in order to make them more effective
Q:
When you receive the results of an evaluation of your classroom, which of the following should you ask yourself first?
a. What did the children do wrong?
b. What did I do ineffectively?
c. What does this data mean?
d. What changes can I make right away?
Q:
Evaluation is conducted for which of the following purposes?a. To determine an individual child's progress toward learning goalsb. To determine an individual teacher's effectiveness in the classroom c. To determine the quality and effectiveness of a program or process d. To diagnose a child with learning disabilities
Q:
Teachers have found it useful to use rubrics to assess children's level of functioning, staff performance, curriculum, or program standards. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Validity refers to the extent to which any evaluation technique yields results that are accurate and consistent over time.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Qualitative evaluation is defined as an evaluation approach involving the use of analysis of numerical data and measurement.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The process of determining whether the philosophy, goals, and objectives of the program have been met is called evaluation.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Identify at least four purposes or objectives for block play.
Q:
Identify at least three safety considerations that must be thought about when setting up a woodworking center.
Q:
How can you develop partnerships with families that support child construction play?
Q:
How can you incorporate diversity into construction play?
Q:
What are some ways to use technology in a construction environment?
Q:
Placing four blocks together so that a space is completely enclosed is a relatively simple task for most:a. five-year-olds b. two-year-olds c. four-year-olds d. three-year-olds
Q:
According to Harriet Johnson, the final developmental stage of block play is:a. enclosures b. piling one block on top of another c. representation d. patterns and designs
Q:
Woodworking is a valuable sensory experience for young children because it gives them new experiences for the sense(s) of:a. sight b. sight and soundc. sight, sound, and touch d. sight, sound, touch, and smell
Q:
Select the statement about children's woodworking activities that is developmentally correct.a. Start children out with toy tools before using real onesb. Both boys and girls should be encouraged to develop woodworking skills c. Wear goggles only when using hammersd. When not being used at the workbench, tools may be used in other activity centers
Q:
A block center should be located:a. in a quiet area b. in a high-traffic areac. next to active areas d. in a non-carpeted area
Q:
All but which of the following best describes the benefits of taking photographs of children's construction creations and projects in the early childhood classroom?a. Photos can be used to show administration progress towards program objectives b. Photos can be used to show parents what children are doing in the block centerc. Photos can be used to encourage children to take pride in their creations even when the creations must be temporaryd. Photos can be used to encourage children to tell stories about what they are building
Q:
Which of the following is not considered a best practice for involving families in their children's construction and block play?a. Invite parents and families to participate in the block center when they pick up or drop off their children b. Request that every family donate blocks or supplies for the block centerc. Send families pictures of what their children are doing in the block centerd. Encourage children to show their families the block center when they visit the classroom
Q:
In which of the following ways would you incorporate diversity into the block center in your classroom?a. provide different shapes of blocks b. provide different textures of blocksc. provide figures that represent people with different skin tones, styles of dress, and gender d. clearly label all bins of materials
Q:
Which of the following accurately describes the appropriate role of computer programs such as Tetris in the early childhood classroom?a. Such technology should not be used because it does not provide the same benefits as using three dimensional blocksb. Such programs may provide some of the same benefits as real-world block play, and may be a valuable addition to the early childhood classroomc. Such technology can offer a safe alternative to more dangerous construction activities and should be used wherever possibled. Such programs may actually delay children's cognitive and motor development
Q:
Which of the following is not true of integrating block play and woodworking across the early childhood curriculum?a. Teachers should sometimes suggest construction projects that integrate with other content areas and lessons b. Construction activities should encourage children to explore the environment and materialsc. Construction activities should always be highly structured and teacher-directedd. Children should be provided with unstructured and structured construction activities
Q:
You are creating a block center for your classroom. All but which of the following should be true of the finished center?
a. It should be near the dramatic play center to encourage use of materials between the centers b. It should be in a quiet, traffic-free area of the classroom far from other centers
c. It should incorporate a variety of different kinds of blocks and other building materials
d. Blocks should be placed on the shelves long side out to aid children in finding and replacing materials
Q:
Which of the following is the first developmental stage of block building?a. bridging b. laying blocks in rowsc. piling blocks d. carrying blocks from place to place
Q:
All but which of the following is true of woodworking and block play with young children?
a. Young children under the age of 6 should not engage in woodworking activities
b. Block play helps to build math skills such as number sense, spatial relations, and math vocabulary
c. Block play among older toddlers and young children offers excellent opportunities for social interaction and relationship building
d. Woodworking helps to promote fine motor development in young children
Q:
Real tools should not be used in woodworking because they are more dangerous than toy ones. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Spatial reasoning is the ability to mentally visualize and manipulate two- and three- dimensional objects. a. Trueb. False
Q:
As children build with blocks or work with wood, they learn geometry as they name and describe shapes, transform shapes, and describe spatial relationships.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Current brain research indicates that curriculum involving the use of blocks is appropriate in preschool but not in the primary grades.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Hollow blocks are open on one side mainly so that they can nest into each other. a. Trueb. False
Q:
In the developmental stages of block building, making block rows comes before bridging. a. Trueb. False
Q:
To ensure that children are successful in doing woodworking, start with white glue and wood, and then gradually add hammers, nails, and saws.a. Trueb. False