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Elementary Education
Q:
Why are fixed pieces of equipment, such as bouncy seats, high chairs, and playpens, detrimental to an infant'sdevelopment?
Q:
Although we often talk about the environment in terms of materials, equipment, and other enhancements, it should set the stage for an experience that is less tangible, an experience that is:
a. calming
b. aesthetic
c. picturesque
d. cute
Q:
As used in the text, the term transition refers to:a. activities or learning experiences that move children from one activity to anotherb. the process of determining whether the goals of a program have been metc. moving a child from a class of one age-level to a class of an older age-leveld. a multileveled process encompassing what happens in an early childhood program
Q:
In a well-planned indoor area of an early childhood school or center, the minimum usable space available per child should be:a. 10 square feetb. 20 square feetc. 35 square feetd. 85 square feet
Q:
An example of a transition is:a. cleanupb. eatingc. dressingd. naptime
Q:
All but which of the following is true when setting and enforcing limits in the classroom with young children?a. Young children need many rules in order to learn how to self-regulateb. Teachers should focus on the behavior, not the child, when setting and enforcing limitsc. Teachers should set only a few, truly necessary, rules in the classroom with young childrend. Teachers should clearly explain the reason for a rule
Q:
When choosing equipment for your classroom, it is best to choose items with all but which of the following qualities?a. The item is sturdy and can stand up to use by many children b. The item is washable or otherwise easy to cleanc. The item is nontoxicd. The item is inexpensive to replace
Q:
All but which of the following is true when designing a learning environment for young children?a. The space should be welcoming and homelikeb. Changes to the space should be made one at a time or graduallyc. Significant changes should be made to the environment on a regular basis to keep it fresh d. The environment should be beautiful as well as functional
Q:
When a behavior occurs that is inappropriate, you need to address the behavior, not belittle the child.a. Trueb. False
Q:
Unlike the indoor classroom, the playground rules do not set limits of behavior for the children. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Children need an environment that allows ALL children to maximize their potential with a minimum amount of adult direction.a. Trueb. False
Q:
There are some basic philosophical early childhood beliefs or guidelines that should be considered as one thinks about creating a developmentally appropriate curriculum for children. Describe at least 4 of them.
Q:
What is involved in the process of planning curriculum?
Q:
Define the term "curriculum."
Q:
Define emergent curriculum.
Q:
What is the difference between goals and objectives?
Q:
What is the name of the curriculum planning philosophy that emphasizes how each child learns and develops differently in physical, intellectual, emotional, and social growth?
Q:
The daily plan-do-review sequence in which the children, with the help of teachers, make a plan, carry it out, and then recall and reflect on the results of their chosen activities is central to this curriculum:a. Reggio Emilia b. Montessori c. High/Scope d. Bank Street
Q:
Increasing diversity in classrooms means that teachers must approach individual children with an enhanced ability to:a. be helpful b. observec. see differences d. listen to dialects
Q:
Objectives are:a. broad, general overviews of what children are expected to learn b. attitudes and beliefs of a centerc. a model of an organizational frameworkd. meaningful descriptions of what is expected to be learned
Q:
In DAP, the curriculum helps young children achieve goals that are significant both developmentally and:a. emotionally b. educationally c. academically d. socially
Q:
Bias is:a. an attitude, opinion, or idea that is preconceived or decidedb. any attitude, belief, or feeling that results in unfair treatment of an individualc. an oversimplified generalization about a particular group, race, or sex, often with negative implicationsd. the cultural context of child development
Q:
The daily experiences that are used as opportunities for learning are known as the classroom:a. objectives b. goalsc. arrivals d. routines and schedules
Q:
When lesson planning, which of the following questions should you ask yourself first?a. What supplies are available?b. Are the activities broad enough without being too broad?c. What do the children already know, and how can this lesson build on that?d. Does the lesson incorporate a variety of activities?
Q:
An emergent curriculum has all but which of the following qualities?a. It is child-centeredb. It emerges in the moment with no prior planning by the teacherc. It incorporates children's needs, interests, and abilities into the teacher's pland. It is built around themes that emerge from the children and adults involved in the learning environment
Q:
Which of the following is not a goal of anti-bias curriculum?a. To encourage children and teachers not to "see" differences such as race, ethnicity, ability, or genderb. To encourage children to celebrate and value differences, including their ownc. To encourage each child to develop to his or her full potential by incorporating and honoring the child's culture and other differencesd. To encourage children and teachers to actively challenge prejudice
Q:
According to the NAEYC, an effectively planned curriculum does all but which of the following?
a. Curriculum should integrate learning across learning domains
b. Curriculum should cover many areas briefly rather than exploring fewer areas in depth
c. Curriculum should incorporate experiences that draw on children's interests and introduce them to likely areas of new interest
d. Curriculum experiences should be logically sequenced
Q:
All but which of the following is true when setting goals for your classroom?a. Goals should take into account the developmental progress of the children in the classb. Goals should incorporate community valuesc. Goals may vary from classroom to classroom based on the nature of the children in each class, even if the children are in the same age groupd. Goals should be established for each age group in a school or center and strictly adhered to from classroom to classroom and year to year
Q:
Curriculum can include such terms as child-directed, inclusive, integrated, and emergent. a. Trueb. False
Q:
In the Reggio Emilia type of education, the child's environment is considered a "third teacher." a. Trueb. False
Q:
Among model early childhood programs in this country, Head Start has perhaps the most comprehensive and detailedset of provisions for working with families"a. Trueb. False
Q:
The High/Scope Perry Preschool Project was originally designed to serve at-risk children from impoverished neighborhoods and has developed into a landmark long-term study of the effects of high-quality early care and education on low-income three-and four-year olds.a. Trueb. False
Q:
The daily schedules of three-, four-, and five-year-olds can be flexible, but those of infants and toddlers should be fixed so that each child is on a strict schedule.a. Trueb. False
Q:
Describe the process of observation and assessment including various types of observations and assessment andguidelines for assessment.
Q:
What are the uses or purposes for observation and assessment?
Q:
Identify the method of assessment that is based on a systematic collection of information about a child's ongoing development and the child's work gathered by both the child and teacher over time from all available resources.
Q:
What does it mean when the following is stated: "Observation should be controlled"?
Q:
Collecting and organizing all the information gathered from various sources to provide insights into the behavior of a child is called a (n):a. case studyb. portfolio assessmentc. checklistd. anecdotal record
Q:
An anecdotal record is:a. a collection of child-produced materials such as drawings, paintings, and storiesb. an informal narrative account of an incident of a child's behaviorc. information gathered from various sources to provide insights into a child's behaviord. an in-depth investigation of a topic
Q:
All but which of the following is true of observation of young children for assessment purposes?a. It is essentially just watching a child or children and noting what occurs b. It is the gathering of information about a specific behavior or behaviors c. It involves interpreting behavior or behaviorsd. It is controlled information is gathered systematically rather than randomly
Q:
Early childhood educators may assess children for all but which of the following reasons?a. To diagnose learning disabilitiesb. To identify students who may benefit from special programsc. To gather data to help evaluate programsd. To help in planning instruction
Q:
The best way to observe children is in the room with them so that you can see everything they are doing.a. Trueb. False
Q:
One type of authentic assessment is the portfolio.a. Trueb. False
Q:
An anecdotal record involves both an incident that was observed and the observers interpretation of what was observed.a. Trueb. False
Q:
Assessment refers to the collection of information for the purpose of making educational decisions about children orgroups of children or to evaluate a program's effectiveness.a. Trueb. False
Q:
"Teachers have a responsibility to help children develop in their use of play." Defend this statement with informationlearned from Chapter 1.
Q:
A theory refers to a systematic statement of principles and beliefs created to explain a phenomenon or group of facts that have been repeatedly tested or are widely accepted. "The foundation for all curricula is developmental theory or beliefs about how children develop and learn. These beliefs guide our view of teaching and supporting children as learners" (Catron & Allen, 2008).With this statement in mind:a. identify at least three theorists and the name of their theories that you learned about in Chapter One;b. describe in detail at least two terms associated with their theories; andc. explain how their theories might influence decision-making in early childhood classrooms.
Q:
Why is it important to form partnerships with families?
Q:
What skills do 4 and 5 year olds need to develop in order to make friends?
Q:
What are Parten's six developmental stages of play?
Q:
How does Piaget explain learning, or change in behavior, in young children?
Q:
The type of teaching that Vygotsky calls scaffolding involves the teacher doing what?
Q:
Why are the preschool years viewed as "special" in a child's learning and development?
Q:
A child's growing ability to exercise control over physical and emotional needs in the face of changingcircumstances is known as:a. self-regulationb. self-esteemc. self-help skillsd. self-concept
Q:
Continuing research refines insight into brain development, including the understanding that there are:a. few opportunities for learning language after age four b. growth spurts only during adolescencec. developmental periods of dramatic brain growth during early childhood and adolescence d. growth spurts only during early childhood
Q:
Lev Vygotsky labeled the difference between what a child can do on her own with what she can do with help as:a. the sensorimotor stageb. the zone of proximal developmentc. role diffusiond. equilibrium
Q:
"What would I see if I were at the child's level?" is a question a teacher might ask when she/he is considering which
component of developmentally appropriate practice?
a. social and cultural context
b. individual appropriateness
c. knowledge of development
d. knowledge of learning
Q:
Three- and four-year-olds, who typically play with other children in minimally organized groups, dropping in and out of play, are engaged in:
a. parallel play
b. associative play
c. cooperative play
d. onlooker play
Q:
Superhero fantasy play is an example of:
a. parallel play
b. associative play
c. symbolic play
d. onlooker play
Q:
That stage of development in which a child is most likely to have best friends, enjoy playing in small groups, and take responsibility very seriously would be:a. five yearsb. three yearsc. one yeard. infancy
Q:
In seeking to build positive relationships with the families of the children in your classroom, you should take all but which of the following steps?a. Communicate regularly with the familyb. Provide the family with a list of clear guidelines for what their child should be accomplishingc. Work with the family to establish common goals for the child's education and cared. Find ways to incorporate the family's culture into the child's education
Q:
Which of the following is true of play in the early childhood classroom?a. Children should be given limited time for unstructured playb. Children should be encouraged to engage in play that is highly teacher-directedc. Children should be given ample time to engage in play that is unstructured, child-initiated, and spontaneousd. Children should be encouraged to engage in play that is child-directed but highly structured
Q:
All but which of the following is true of developmentally appropriate practice?
a. It follows a uniform, standardized set of activities and learning objectives
b. It values the way children naturally learn and play
c. It focuses on meeting children where they are developmentally
d. It values diversity
Q:
Studying the history of early childhood education is important for professionals for all but which of the following reasons?a. Historical information helps us understand how the field has developed and changedb. Studying history helps us evaluate which knowledge is invalid and should be discardedc. Studying history helps us understand how social factors such as views of children, understandings of race and ethnicity, and politics and economic factors have influenced education and continue to do sod. Understanding the history of the field helps us learn the best ways of helping children and families
Q:
Children in an inclusive classroom include children with and without disabilities.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Developmentally appropriate practice encompasses only two criteria: knowledge about how individual children grow and develop; and knowledge about how all children grow and develop.a. Trueb. False
Q:
The ingredients that early childhood educators consider essential today " that care and education are inseparable, that teaching practices are developmentally appropriate and that adequate funding is critical for success " all stem from historical events and people.a. Trueb. False
Q:
When compared to adults, babies are not as aware of the world around them. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The cooperative play stage signals a child's readiness to rely more on peers and less on adults.a. Trueb. False
Q:
Vygotsky believed that the acquisition of language is the most significant cognitive development in children.a. Trueb. False
Q:
Understanding of the intelligences should be linked with a curriculum focused on understanding where children are able to apply what they have learned in new situations.a. Trueb. False
Q:
Early childhood educators now recognize that a child's cultural background is of little importance in herdevelopment and learning.a. Trueb. False
Q:
Separating children with disabilities from children without disabilities is the best approach in protecting children with disabilities from bias.a. Trueb. False