Q&A Hero

Q: "T" in the IPAT formula stands for ________. A) technology B) time C) transition D) transpiration E) telecommuting

Q: Rocks, wind, water, temperature and solar radiation are all examples of ________. A) non-renewable resources B) abiotic environmental factors C) biotic environmental factors D) renewable resources E) biodegradable materials

Q: The process by which several researchers review another researcher's manuscript prior to publication to ensure research quality is referred to as ________. A) hypothesis testing B) investigative inquiry C) peer review D) quality control E) critical analysis

Q: Ruben has a new puppy and wants to feed it the best possible food. He decides on an experiment where he will feed it the very best canned food plus a dietary supplement of vitamins recommended by a veterinarian. Which of the following best describes Ruben's project? A) This is an example of a good controlled experiment. B) Ruben needs to take measurements of the puppy's weight and height at least once a week for it to be a good experiment. C) Ruben needs to control for the amount of exercise, water, and care that the puppy gets each week, so that they are equal from week to week. D) Ruben needs to feed his mother's 6-year-old chocolate Shar-Pei a standard diet so he can compare his puppy with a control dog. E) This is not an experimentthere are no controls or replicates.

Q: Solutions to environmental problems ________. A) can be implemented only by scientists B) must be sustainable C) must be on a local scale D) must be left to industry E) are best discussed in the political arena

Q: In general, natural resources ________. A) should not be used B) should be conserved C) belong only to those on whose property they exist D) are evenly divided among all countries E) should be used by everyone equally

Q: According to Edward O. Wilson, biodiversity ________. A) cannot be conserved B) is a nonrenewable resource C) can recover quickly D) can recover quickly with human intervention E) is a resource that can be used endlessly for human benefit

Q: Ecology is ________. A) concerned only with solving environmental problems B) the study of organisms and their interactions with each other and with the environment C) a subfield of environmentalism D) not a crucial discipline to environmental science E) the study of animal behaviour

Q: An experiment ________. A) is an activity designed to test the validity of a hypothesis B) often involves manipulating as many variables as possible C) does not need to be repeated D) involves only the collection of qualitative data E) is designed to prove a scientific hypothesis

Q: Sachiko and Fred are having a discussion about the scientific method. Sachiko makes the comment that every time she sees people carrying open umbrellas, she also sees several small car accidents. This is a(n) ________. A) hypothesis B) theory about umbrellas C) theory about car accidents D) scientific study E) observation

Q: A hypothesis is ________. A) a prediction about something that is uncertain B) a testable proposition that explains a phenomenon or answers a question C) a technique that is used to examine environmental conditions D) the design of an experiment that can be used for the process of science E) a proven scientific fact

Q: Scientific inquiry is based on ________. A) an incremental approach to knowledge B) facts that can be positively proven by testing hypotheses C) the production of technological advances D) designing experiments that have never been done before E) changing paradigms

Q: The scientific process and knowledge is based on ________. A) observation B) testing hypotheses that are built on observations C) the fact that hypotheses can be proven D) just quantitative data E) educated guesses

Q: Advances in agriculture ________. A) did not increase the amount of food per person from a global perspective B) do not include chemical fertilizers C) are viewed as one of humanity's greatest failures D) have resulted in increased death rates E) have resulted in alteration and destruction of natural systems

Q: A paradigm ________. A) is a group of several hypotheses that can be tested together B) is a dominant view in science C) can only come from qualitative data D) is synonymous with the scientific method E) can only come from quantitative data

Q: Garrett Hardin's concept of ________ argues that resources open to unregulated exploitation inevitably become overused.

Q: Before 1939 malaria was still a disease that people in southern Ontario could get and die from. In 1939, DDT became available; by 1950, it had completely eliminated the mosquito that carries malaria. People then learned about DDT's health hazards and, by the 1970s, DDT was banned. The mosquito that carries malaria is now back. If malaria comes back, people may want to spray again with DDT because they know it is less dangerous than malaria. This is an example of how human perception can ________.

Q: A(n) ________ is an activity designed to test the validity of a hypothesis; it involves manipulating ________, which are conditions that can change.

Q: In response to agricultural problems, scientists devised and promoted ________. (Name one solution.)

Q: The sum total of our surroundings, affected by living and nonliving things, is called ________.

Q: The process of science, called the ________, is used to develop new information in scientific fields.

Q: Data not expressible in numbers are called ________.

Q: If in a test of the impact of added fertilizers on the biological productivity of lakes, we add fertilizer to one lake and not to the other, then the second lake serves in this experiment as a ________.

Q: Give one example of a scientific "paradigm shift."

Q: What is the difference between correlation and causation in scientific experimentation?

Q: A town has uncovered an environmental problem that involves the local landfill leaching chemicals into the groundwater that is used by a neighbouring housing development. How will the interdisciplinary nature of environmental science help solve this problem?

Q: How does the lesson of Easter Island apply to the modern world?

Q: Differentiate between renewable and nonrenewable natural resources. Give examples of each.

Q: Match the following.A) ecologyB) natural sciencesC) hypothesisD) qualitative dataE) dependent variableF) environmental studiesG) quantitative dataH) predictionI) independent variableJ) correlationK) experimental dataL) probability1. A scientific field of study2.Information expressed with numbers3.The variable that is manipulated4.Expectations of experimental outcome5.Numerical expression of the likelihood that a conclusion is true6.Social studies dealing with environment are part of

Q: Refer to Figure 1.1. At the current rate, the world on average uses up our resources 30% faster than they can replenish. The Canadian average ecological footprint is approximately ________ times larger than the average world footprint.A) 3B) 2.5C) 3.5D) 4E) 2

Q: Refer to Figure 1.1. Currently, humanity is depleting renewable resources 30% faster than they can replenish. If everyone on the planet had an ecological footprint of the average citizen of Canada, then humans would ________. A) be depleting resources 60% faster than they are replaced B) be able to provide for everyone without difficulty, using the other 70% of the resources C) need 4.5 Earths to support everyone D) need 2.5 additional Earths to support everyone E) need 30% more resources to support everyone

Q: Figure 1.1Use Figure 1.1 to answer the following questions.Refer to Figure 1.1. One citizen of Canada uses as many resources as ________ citizens of China.A) about 3B) about 7C) about 5D) about 9E) to answer one needs to know how many times the population of China is larger than the population of Canada

Q: Imagine that as an engineering intern you have been assigned the task of selecting a motor for a pump. After reviewing motor catalogs you narrow your choice to two motors that are rated at 1.5 kW. Additional information collected is shown in an accompanying table. The pump is expected to run 4200 hours every year. After checking with your electric utility company, you determine the average cost of electricity is about 10 cents per kWh. Based on the information given here, which one of the motors will you recommend to be purchased? Assume i = 8%.CriteriaMotor XMotor YExpected useful life5 years5 yearsInitial cost$400$500Efficiency at the operating point0.750.85Estimated maintenance cost$12 per year$10 per year

Q: You are to consider the following projects. Which project would you approve if each project creates the same income? Assume i = 8%, and a period of 10 years. Project X Project Y Initial cost $65,000 $90,000 Annual operating cost $16,000 $11,000 Annual maintenance cost $5,000 $3,000 Salvage value at the end of 10 years $10,000 $15,000

Q: Imagine the company that you work for borrows $12,000,000 at 8% interest, and the loan is to be paid in seven years according to the schedule shown. Determine the amount of the last payment. Year Amount 1 $1,000,000 2 $1,000,000 3 $1,000,000 4 $1,000,000 5 $1,000,000 6 $1,000,000 7 $?

Q: Imagine, your car loan payment extends for 5 years at 8% interest compounded monthly. After how many months do you pay off half of your loan?

Q: What nominal rate, compounded monthly, would yield an effective rate of 10%?

Q: You have loaned your roommate $2,000. Your roommate has agreed to repay the loan in two years. What is the monthly payment if he agrees to pay an interest rate of 6% compounded monthly?

Q: You have taken out a mortgage for a new home in the amount of $200,000. You have agreed to repay the mortgage in 30 years. What is your monthly payment if you agree to pay an interest rate of 6.0% compounded monthly?

Q: How much money will you have available to you after four years if you put aside $120 a month in an account that gives you 3% interest compounded monthly?

Q: What interest rate, compounded quarterly, would cause an investment to double in twelve years?

Q: How many years will it take an investment to double at an annual interest rate of 4% compounded quarterly? Express your answer in years to 2 decimal places.

Q: In early 2013, $2000 was invested at a certain interest rate compounded annually. One year later, $1200 was deposited in another account at the same interest rate, also compounded annually. At the end of that year, there was a total of $3573.80 in both accounts. What is the annual interest rate?

Q: In engineering, the term that refers to the sum of all costs that are associated with a structure, a service, or a product during its entire life span is a. life-cycle cost. b. life-span cost. c. sustainability cost. d. total cost.

Q: The Straight Line and the Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS) are examples of a. accounting schemes. b. depreciation methods. c. investment strategies. d. profit schemes.

Q: The percentage of par value that is paid to the bond holder at regular intervals is known as a. par rate b. par dividend c. interest rate d. annuity payment

Q: The par value of a bond is a. the amount originally paid for the bond. b. the amount that will be repaid at maturity date. c. all of the above.

Q: When a bond is issued, it will have a. an issue date, a maturity date and an interest rate. b. a maturity date, a par value, and an interest rate. c. an issue date, a par value, and an interest rate. d. an issue date, a maturity date, and a par value.

Q: There are many different types of bonds, but basically, they are loans that investors make to government or corporations in return for some gain. a. True b. False

Q: How much do you have to put away each month, at 3% compounded monthly, to have $5000 in 5 years?

Q: If you put $4000 in a CD (certificate of deposit), what fixed interest rate compounded quarterly would yield $5000 at the end of three years?

Q: You walk into a bank with $1,000 that you wish to invest in a CD (certificate of deposit). The bank gives you two options: Option #1: 3.97% compounded monthly Option #2: 4.00% compounded annually Which option is better for you? Compare the two options by comparing their effective interest rates.

Q: What is the effective interest rate of a credit card corresponding to the nominal rate of 21% compounded monthly?

Q: What is the effective interest rate corresponding to the nominal rate of 5% compounded monthly?

Q: What is the effective interest rate corresponding to the nominal rate of 5% compounded quarterly?

Q: What is the effective interest rate corresponding to the nominal rate of 5% compounded semiannually?

Q: The stated or the quoted interest rate is called the nominal interest rate, and the actual earned interest rate is called the effective interest rate. a. True b. False

Q: A bank charges interest at a rate of 21% per year, compounded monthly. If a senior in college borrows $4500 from the bank to pay her last tuition bill and intends to pay it 3 years later (after she gets a high-paying engineering job), how much will she have to pay?

Q: If you deposit $5,000 into a CD (certificate of deposit) that pays 3% interest compounding quarterly for 5 years, what is its value at maturity?

Q: If you deposit $100 into an account that pays 5% compounded quarterly, how many years will it take to reach a value of $444?

Q: If you deposit $100 into an account that pays an interest rate that compounds quarterly, what is the interest rate if the value in the account after 30 years is $444?

Q: If you deposit $1000 into an account that pays 3% compounded daily, what would be the value in the account after 10 years?

Q: If you deposit $1000 into an account that pays 3% compounded monthly, what would be the value in the account after 10 years?

Q: If you deposit $1000 into an account that pays 3% compounded quarterly, what would be the value in the account after 10 years?

Q: If you deposit $1000 into an account that pays 3% compounded semiannually, what would be the value in the account after 10 years?

Q: If you were to take out a $10,000 student loan for 5 years, and promise to pay 4% interest compounded annually, how much interest would you pay?

Q: If you deposit $1000 into an account that pays an interest rate that is compounded annually, what is the interest rate if there is $1343.91 in the account after 10 years?

Q: If you deposit $1000 into an account that pays 3% interest compounded annually, what would be the value in the account after 10 years?

Q: Your parents give you $12,000 as a college graduation gift. They tell you that it's from a $3,000 investment they made when they first got married that paid 10% simple interest. How long ago was their investment made?

Q: Your parents give you $12,000 as a college graduation gift. They tell you that it is from an investment they made 30 years ago that paid 10% simple interest. What was their original investment?

Q: If you were to take out a $10,000 student loan for 5 years, and promise to pay 4% simple interest, how much interest would you pay at the end of the fifth year?

Q: If you deposit $5,000 into a CD (certificate of deposit) that pays 3% simple interest for 5 years, what is its value at maturity?

Q: If you deposit $100 into an account that pays 6% simple interest, what would be the value in the account after 10 years?

Q: When the interest paid on the initial principal also collects interest, this is called a. initial interest. b. simple interest. c. compound interest. d. present value interest.

Q: The interest that would be paid only on the initial borrowed or deposited amount is a. initial interest. b. simple interest. c. compound interest. d. present value interest.

Q: Visual aids that show the flow of costs and revenues over a period of time are known as a. cash flow diagrams. b. cost " revenue diagrams. c. Venn diagrams. d. business plans.

Q: For normal distribution, what percentage of the data will fall in the interval of two standard deviations above and below the mean?a. 50%b. 65%c. 68%d. 95%

Q: For normal distribution, what percentage of the data will fall in the interval of one standard deviation above and below the mean? a. 50% b. 65% c. 68% d. 95%

Q: In statistics, it is customary to normalize the mean and the standard deviation values of an experiment and work with what is called the standard normal distribution, which has a mean value of zero and a standard deviation value of 1. a. True b. False

Q: The area under a normal distribution curve should always be equal to a. 1 b. 0 c. the standard deviation. d. the arithmetic mean.