Q&A Hero

Q: 17. What two elements are conspicuous in their absence from the Hazards Classification Scale as set forth in the text?

Q: 33. The Principle of Redundancy is addressed by which of the following approaches to hazard avoidance? a. Enforcement b. Psychological c. Engineering d. none of the above

Q: 18. OSHA has proposed a "Ten-Point Scale for Classification of Hazards." a. True

Q: 19. The "Ten-Point Scale for Classification of Hazards" was generated by OSHA to clarify legal definitions of "imminent danger," "serious violations," etc.

Q: 20. Toxicology is the study of the nature and effects of poisons.

Q: 21. A certain company estimates that implementation of a safety glasses policy will cost $8000 per year. Eye injuries are rare in this plant, but 2 have occurred over the past five years at a cost of $50,000 each including direct costs and estimated hidden intangible costs. It is believed that the proposed safety glasses policy will reduce the hazard of eye injuries by 75%. If interest and inflation are ignored, the $20,000 actual cost is assumed to be typical of eye injury costs. Perform a cost/benefit analysis to weigh the benefits of the proposed safety glasses policy against its expected costs.

Q: 22. Explain why the enforcement approach is difficult to apply to the problem of controlling hazards. ANS. To be enforceable, enforcement rules must be applied in absolutes such as "always do this," or "never do that," but mandatory language using the terms "always" or "never" are inappropriate in dealing with the uncertainties of safety and health hazards.

Q: 23. Which one of the analytical methods for hazard analysis and avoidance has difficulty dealing with "maybe" situations?

Q: 24. Which of the following is said to "deal with absolutes?" a. Epidemiology b. Toxicology c. FMEA d. Fault tree analysis

Q: 25. Which of the analytical methods for hazard analysis and avoidance is said to "deal with absolutes?"

Q: 26. What drawback do fault tree analysis and the enforcement approach to hazard avoidance have in common?

Q: 4. A 82-employee firm has the following injury and illness record for the year: Case 1 - Work-related injury; transferred to another job for 10 days Case 2 - Work-related illness; 3 days away from work Case 3 - Work-related injury; one workday away from work; nine more days in restricted work activity Case 4 - Injury; able to stay at work, but for two weeks employee was unable to do regular job and was assigned to another one. Case 5 - Illness; not work-related Calculate the DAFWII. Calculate the DART. a.

Q: 11. Complete the diagram by drawing in the appropriate logic symbol in the space provided.

Q: 1. Which of the following crane controls are properly described as "dead man controls?" a. spring pushbuttons b. toggle switches c. latching detents d. ground jumped to neutral

Q: 12. Complete the diagram by drawing in the appropriate logic symbol in the space provided.

Q: 2. Name the four principal approaches to hazard control and avoidance.

Q: 13. The illustration depicts a problem with which of the four approaches to hazard avoidance?

Q: 3. Name three fail-safe principles

Q: Fail-safe principle of redundancy

Q: Principle of worst case

Q: 4. "Murphy's Law" has led to the application of which of the primary fail-safe principles?

Q: 5. Describe at least two drawbacks to the engineering approach to safety and health.

Q: Unusual circumstances can render the engineering solution inappropriate or unsafe.

Q: Workers often remove or defeat devices designed to protect them from hazards.

Q: The engineered system may cause another hazard.

Q: 6. The rubella link to birth defects is a classical study of which of the following? a. fault tree analysis b. epidemiology c. toxicology d. failure modes and effects analysis

Q: 7. Name at least two of the four prominent examples of epidemiological studies of occupational diseases:

Q: 8. A certain type of injury has tangible costs of $40,000 per occurrence and intangible costs of $150,000 per occurrence. Injury frequency is .05 per year but would be reducible to .01 per year with the installation of a new guarding system. Calculate the annual benefit the new system provide.

Q: 9 What is the principal drawback of accident analysis?

Q: 43. A firm is exempt from OSHA recordkeeping requirements only if: a. It has been notified by the BLS that it is exempt. b. It has 10 or fewer employees AND it has been told by BLS that it is exempt. c. It has 10 or fewer employees AND it has NOT been told by BLS that it is not exempt. d. Never. OSHA recordkeeping is required for ALL firms. What is the main premise of worker's compensation?

Q: 10. Label the logic codes for each of the symbols shown.

Q: 29. Name the two infectious viruses that are the target of OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogens standard.

Q: Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

Q: 30. The primary at-risk occupations for bloodborne pathogens are the health care professions.

Q: 31. OSHA limits its enforcement of the Bloodborne Pathogens standard to the health care professions. a. true

Q: 32. Explain the circumstances under which OSHA prohibits the handling of contact lenses, and explain why.

Q: 33. Under what circumstances does OSHA require the employer to have a written exposure control plan for bloodborne pathogens? a. Only in hospitals and health care facilities. b. Only in establishments that have 10 or more employees who may be exposed. c. Only in establishments that have 1 or more employees who may be exposed.

Q: 34. Dealing with "sharps" is a principal consideration in which of the OSHA standards?

Q: 35. Describe the circumstances under which an employer should be concerned with the development of a written exposure control plan for bloodborne pathogens.

Q: 36. Which of the following is the principal question to be asked to determine whether a firm is covered by OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogens standard? a. Does the firm have 10 or more employees? b. Is the firm a hospital, clinic, or other healthcare facility? c. Does the facility deal with "sharps," such as needles or broken glass? d. Will workers be exposed to blood or other potentially infectious materials?

Q: 37. The Workers' Compensation premium rates, as a percent of payroll, are greater for roofing workers than for department store workers, as might be expected. The ratio of these percentages is approximately a. two to one b. three to one c. ten to one d. 100 to one

Q: 38. What is the principal hazard from improper disposal of "sharps" in the workplace?

Q: 39. Which of the following statements describes the status of the control of smoking in the workplace? a. OSHA has issued a final standard entitled "Indoor Air Quality" that addresses smoking and other air quality hazards in the workplace. b. Smoking in the workplace comes under the jurisdiction of the EPA, not OSHA c. OSHA has issued guidelines and proposed air quality standards, but has not promulgated a standard addressing smoking in the workplace. d. Congress exempted smoking in the workplace in the drafting of OSHA's authority under the OSHA law.

Q: 26. Which of the following costs are covered by Workers Compensation insurance? a. Cost of wages paid supervisors for time required for activities necessitated by the accident. b. Overtime wages for the time needed to make up lost production. c. Wage cost caused by decreased output of injured worker after return to work. d. All of the above e. None of the above

Q: 40. Explain the concept of "experience modifier" as used in the context of this course. Exactly what is modified?

Q: 27. What two facets of a drug or alcohol abuse program are suggested by the text?

Q: 41. The standard insurance premium for a firm in a particular industry is $760,000 per year, based upon its type of industry and number of employees. However, the firm has an "experience modifier" of 0.95. Calculate the adjusted insurance premium for this firm. ANS. Insurance premium = 0.95 x 760,000 = $722,000

Q: Employee assistance programs

Q: 42. What size firm are the OSHA recordkeeping incidence rates scaled to represent?

Q: 28. What 1990 law protects disabled persons from job discrimination?

Q: 15. Briefly summarize the findings of the 1993 NSC study regarding a specific issue of OSHA reform.

Q: 16. Recent estimates by the National Safety Council place the annual cost of U.S. occupational injuries alone at approximately a. 154 million b. 5.5 billion c. 164 billion d. 1.2 trillion

Q: 17. What organization estimates the annual costs of occupational injuries on a national basis, and what are recent estimates of this figure.

Q: 18. Studies by Simonds and Grimaldi and Imre estimate hidden costs of accidents by dividing cases into four categories. Name these categories of hidden costs:

Q: Doctors' cases

Q: Lost-time cases

Q: No-injury cases

Q: 19. What is the National Safety Council estimate of the average total cost of a worker fatality?

Q: 4. A 65-employee firm has the following injury and illness record for the year:Case 1 - Work-related injury; no workdays lostCase 2 - Work-related illness; 5 days away from workCase 3 - Work-related injury; one workday away from work; nine more days in restricted work activityCase 4 - Injury; able to stay at work, but for two weeks employee was unable to do regular job and was assigned to another one.Case 5 - Illness; not work-relateda. Calculate the LWDI.

Q: 20. Workers Compensation premiums are a significant portion of the hidden costs of accidents. a. True b. False Workers Compensation premiums have grown in recent years to become a more significant percentage of total payroll. a. True b. False Despite significantly higher premium rates for Workers' Compensation insurance in recent years, these costs are still considered as the "tip of the iceberg" when considering the total costs of accidents. a. True

Q: 5. The standard OSHA total injury/illness rate is scaled for: a. 1,000,000 work-hours b. a 50-employee firm for one year c. a 100-employee firm for one year d. a 500-employee firm for one year

Q: 23. The hidden costs of accidents are considered the "tip of the iceberg" when compared to the rising levels of Workers' Compensation costs. a. True

Q: 6. Comment on the advantages and disadvantages of forming committees to identify hazards and make suggestions for resolution of these hazards.

Q: 24. Due to recent significant increases, Workers' Compensation costs have been found to exceed the hidden costs of accidents. a. True

Q: 7. On February 1, a firm posts its annual OSHA 300A Summary for the previous year as shown below. For purposes of this exercise, assume that both of the illnesses (listed in M(5)) were in the category of lost workdays (Category H " cases with days away from work). Calculate: (a) LWDI:

Q: 25. Which of the following cost categories is referred to in the text as the "tip of the iceberg?" a. Workers Compensation costs b. Hidden costs of accidents c. OSHA fines d. Cost of compliance with OSHA standards

Q: 8. The text describes a type of analysis that is said to be the "single most effective method of training workers to avoid injury and illness." Name this analysis and describe its advantages and its primary disadvantage.

Q: 10. Examine the OSHA 300 Log and construct the OSHA 300a Summary of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses on the form provided. Assume that this firm has 200 employees and all employees worked for the entire year. Calculate the LWDI.

Q: 11 What method of training is considered most effective?

Q: 14. What specific OSHA reform concept was introduced into Congress in the early 1990's?

Q: 1. Identify the following organizations of importance to the Safety and Health Manager.

Q: 17. According to the text, which of the following is sometimes accused of presenting biased data on safety and health? a. trade associations b. professional societies c. OSHA d. NSC

Q: 2. Which of the following organizations publishes the popular annual statistical reference €œAccident Facts€? a. ASSE b. AIHA c. ACGIH d. NSC

Q: 18. Which of the following agencies of the federal government maintains an institute at Des Plains, Illinois, for training the public in voluntary compliance with standards?a. Centers for Diseases Controlb. Department of Health and Human Servicesc. NIOSHd. OSHA

Q: 3. Identify the following standards-producing organizations:

Q: 21. Which of the following organizations permits firms to join and qualify for special copying services and research? a. AIHA b. ACGIH c. NSC d. ASSE

Q: 4. Safety deals with chronic hazards, whereas health deals with acute hazards.a. trueb. false

Q: 22. Name the top four national standards producing organizations that prepare voluntary standards for occupational safety and health?

Q: 5. Is it wise to try to eliminate all workplace hazards? Why or why not?

Q: 23. Most of OSHA's national consensus standards were derived from the voluntary standards produced by two standards-producing organizations. Name these two organizations: