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Q:
Which of the following is NOT associated with divergent plate boundaries?
A) Hawaiian volcanic islands
B) rising magma
C) mid-ocean ridges
D) new crust
E) Iceland
Q:
When you burn a log in your fireplace you are converting ________.
A) chemical to thermal (heat) energy
B) thermal to electromagnetic energy
C) electromagnetic to chemical energy
D) chemical to nuclear energy
E) proteins to amino acids
Q:
Consider the following processes: respiration, chemosynthesis, combustion, and photosynthesis. How many of these result in the release of oxygen into the atmosphere?
A) none
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4
Q:
Coal, oil, and natural gas are ________.
A) renewable
B) fossil fuels
C) part of a sustainable energy future
D) inorganic
E) synthetic
Q:
During the night, a plant cell burns sugar to obtain energy. This process ________.
A) releases carbon dioxide and water
B) releases oxygen and water
C) represents a decrease in entropy
D) requires the green pigment chlorophyll
E) involves a net consumption of water
Q:
The ________ hypothesis, proposed in the 1970s and 1980s by Jack Corliss and others, suggests that life on Earth originated in the deep sea where sulphur was abundant.
A) heterotrophic
B) extraterrestrial
C) ultraterrestrial
D) homotrophic
E) chemoautotrophic
Q:
The ________ hypothesis, proposed by Svante Arrhenius in the early 1900s, suggests that meteorites delivered life and organic material to Earth.
A) heterotrophic
B) extraterrestrial
C) ultraterrestrial
D) homotrophic
E) chemoautotrophic
Q:
Stanley Miller and Harold Urey did experiments in the early 1950s to prove the ________ hypothesis that life evolved from a "primordial soup" of simple inorganic chemicals.
A) heterotrophic
B) extraterrestrial
C) ultraterrestrial
D) homotrophic
E) chemoautotrophic
Q:
The ________ hypothesis, proposed in the 1930s, says that carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen dissolved in Earth's water formed simple amino acids and eventually complex organic compounds that self-replicated.
A) heterotrophic
B) extraterrestrial
C) ultraterrestrial
D) homotrophic
E) chemoautotrophic
Q:
Early Earth (4.5 billion years ago) ________.
A) had more abundant and complex life forms compared to today's Earth
B) was stagnant and lifeless
C) was virtually void of oxygen
D) had a very similar atmosphere to today's Earth but lacked water
E) had very high levels of oxygen
Q:
Which of the following is NOT associated with convergent plate boundaries?
A) Hawaiian volcanic islands
B) trenches
C) coastal mountain ranges parallel to the coastline
D) "ring of fire"
E) Japanese volcanic islands
Q:
The sun rises in the morning and shines on your garden. Inside the cells of the vegetables growing in your garden ________.
A) there is not net consumption or production of water
B) entropy increases
C) entropy stays the same
D) oxygen is consumed
E) water and carbon dioxide are consumed
Q:
River water held behind a dam is best described as a form of ________.
A) kinetic energy
B) potential energy
C) chemical energy
D) entropy
E) thermodynamics
Q:
Which of the following describes lipids?
A) dissolve in water
B) include components of the body's immune system
C) include DNA
D) are absent from most animal cells
E) store energy and are in cell membranes
Q:
Which of the following is nota macromolecule?
A) DNA
B) cellulose
C) glucose
D) starch
E) chitin
Q:
Phytoremediaton ________.
A) remediates phytoplankton
B) uses polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found in lemon scented-geranium
C) increases light penetration in water
D) uses plants to detoxify soils
E) increases food supply by making crop photosynthesis more effective
Q:
Precipitation ________.
A) that is acidic has a low concentration of hydrogen ions
B) that is acidic would have a pH higher than 7
C) that is acidic would have a pH lower than pure water
D) that measures pH = 4 is twice as acidic as precipitation that measures pH = 5
E) has become increasingly more basic in the last 100 years, because of industrial air pollution
Q:
Which of the following describes a property of water necessary for life?
A) changes temperature rapidly
B) is noncohesive
C) is more dense as a solid
D) has high pH
E) dissolves many chemicals
Q:
The force causing water molecules to adhere to one another in interactions called ________.
A) Van der Waals attractions
B) polar covalent bonds
C) nonpolar covalent bonds
D) acid"base attractions
E) hydrogen bonds
Q:
Which of the following represents the autotrophic processes occurring in the deep ocean vents?
A) water + carbon dioxide + energy → glucose + oxygen + water
B) glucose + oxygen → water + carbon dioxide + energy
C) nitrogen + carbon dioxide + energy → methane + oxygen
D) glucose + water → methane + carbon dioxide
E) carbon dioxide + water + hydrogen sulphide → sugar + sulphuric acid
Q:
Which of the following represents the reaction that provides energy to a human cell?
A) water + carbon dioxide + energy → glucose + oxygen + water
B) glucose + oxygen → water + carbon dioxide + energy
C) water + carbon dioxide → glucose + oxygen + water + energy
D) nitrogen + carbon dioxide + energy → methane + oxygen
E) nitrogen + oxygen + glucose → methane + carbon dioxide
Q:
A sedimentary rock has been subject to extensive compression and increased temperature. The rock is now best described as ________.
A) heat-resistant
B) igneous
C) decompressive
D) metamorphic
E) deformative
Q:
A denser oceanic plate subducts underneath another less dense oceanic plate. This ________.
A) creates strike-slip plate boundaries
B) creates ocean trenches
C) is caused by volcanoes
D) occurs when plates pull apart
E) results in an uplift
Q:
Finger nails, hair, and enzymes are classified as ________.
A) proteins
B) nucleic acids
C) carbohydrates
D) lipids
E) organelles
Q:
________ are the primary water"‘insoluble components of cell membranes.
A) Proteins
B) Nucleic acids
C) Carbohydrates
D) Acids
E) Lipids
Q:
________ are composed of amino acids.
A) Proteins
B) Nucleic acids
C) Carbohydrates
D) Lipids
E) Bases
Q:
12C and 13C differ in ________.
A) atomic mass
B) ionic number
C) atomic number
D) number of protons
E) number of electrons
Q:
Chemoautotrophs in the deep ocean use the energy contained in ________ as their energy source.
Q:
The degree of disorder in a substance, system, or process is called ________.
Q:
Write the balanced chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration.
Q:
Write the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis.
Q:
________ is that which can change the position, physical composition, or temperature of matter.
Q:
What is the first law of thermodynamics, and why is it important?
Q:
List four categories of geological hazards.
Q:
Why does ice float?
Q:
Name Earth's three major natural power sources.
Q:
The convergent plate boundaries are created by the processes of ________ or ________.
Q:
Earth's surface consists of a lightweight thin ________ of rock floating atop a malleable ________.
Q:
Briefly explain the concept of plate tectonics and why it is important for the study of geography.
Q:
Match the following.A) electronsB) isotopesC) metamorphicD) ionsE) compoundsF) ionic bondG) protonsH) moleculesI) atomsJ) hydrogen bondK) sedimentaryL) covalent bondM) neutrons1.The smallest components of matter that still maintain the chemical properties of the element2.Negatively charged subatomic particles3.Atoms with the same atomic number, but with different atomic masses4.Atoms or molecules with a charge5.Charged subatomic particles located in the nucleus6.Combinations of atoms held together with bonds7.Combinations of atoms of different elements held together with bonds8.Bond between atoms sharing electrons equally9.Bond between two atoms of hydrogen that form a molecule of hydrogen gas (H2)10.Rocks that form as soils, minerals, and weathered rock particles are deposited, weighted down, and compressed over time
Q:
Refer to Figure 2.1. ________ bonds connect adjacent water molecules (hydrogen from one molecule with oxygen of another molecule).A) Polar covalentB) Nonpolar covalentC) HydrogenD) IonicE) Dioric
Q:
Refer to Figure 2.1. What property of water is due to hydrogen bonds?
A) high pH
B) low pH
C) ability to change temperature quickly
D) ability to dissolve lipids
E) ability to form droplets
Q:
Refer to Figure 2.1. Why is one end of each water molecule negative and one end positive?
A) Oxygen has a greater pull on the electrons than hydrogen.
B) Oxygen has a greater pull on the protons than hydrogen.
C) The two hydrogens have a greater pull on the electrons than oxygen.
D) The two hydrogens have a greater pull on the protons than oxygen.
E) The hydrogen bonds create a charge difference.
Q:
Figure 2.1Use Figure 2.1 to answer the following questions.Refer to Figure 2.1. Within the water molecule, ________ bonds connect two hydrogens to every oxygen.A) polar covalentB) nonpolar covalentC) hydrogenD) ionicE) dioric
Q:
Pablo and Johanna should probably run the experiment ________.
A) for one month, weighing and measuring the pups before and after
B) for several months, weighing and measuring the pups before and after
C) for several months, weighing and measuring the pups twice every day
D) for several months, weighing and measuring the pups every week
E) for at least three years, weighing and measuring the pups every week
Q:
Read the following scenario and answer the questions below.After meeting with their instructor, Pablo and Johanna know that they need to change their experimental design. They contact a local puppy farm and arrange to do their study with 3-month-old litters of pups from four Irish setters, a total of 24 puppies, consisting of 12 females and 12 males.In order to have two groups of puppies, one set to be the control group and one set to be the experimental group, Pablo and Johanna should ________.A) put the 12 females in one group and the 12 males in the other groupB) flip a coin for each dog to see which group it will be inC) randomly choose one dog for the control group and use the other 23 in the experimental groupD) put six males and six females in each group, with some from each litter in each groupE) put all the puppies from two of the litters in one group and all of the puppies from the other two litters in the other group
Q:
The reason the instructor gives Pablo and Johanna will include the fact that they have too many ________.A) variables that they didn't control and not enough replicatesB) replicates and not enough variablesC) controlled variables and not enough uncontrolled variablesD) dependent variables and not enough independent variablesE) independent variables and not enough dependent variables
Q:
When the students write up their initial proposal, the instructor will probably ________.
A) give them an A for thoroughness and allow them to proceed with the experiment
B) tell them that they need at least 100 dogs to do the study
C) tell them that the proposal is impossible and that such a study cannot be done at all
D) give them an F and tell them to start overit would take many years to do such a study
E) tell them they have some serious problems with the proposal, but the problems can be fixed
Q:
According to the information given, one dependent variable in this study will be ________.
A) the age of the dogs
B) the sex of the dogs
C) the type of food the dogs receive
D) how much the dogs grow
E) the breed of the dogs
Q:
Read the following scenario and answer the questions below.Pablo and Johanna have to do a year-long study for their biology course. After some discussion, they decide to try comparing their dogs and the diet that they feed them. Each has a dog from the pound, and both dogs are less than one year old. Pablo feeds his shepherd-mix dog a special diet of wet and dry foods from the local vet, while Johanna uses generic dry kibble from the supermarket for her bulldog. They want to see which diet results in bigger, healthier, faster-growing dogs.The independent variable in this study will be ________.A) the age of the dogsB) the sex of the dogsC) the type of food the dogs receiveD) how much the dogs growE) the breed of the dogs
Q:
How does a scientist tests his/her hypothesis?
Q:
Compare the manipulative and natural experiments: how are they done and what are their strengths and weaknesses?
Q:
What is a sustainable enterprise? What are its features with regard to, for example, materials and energy; waste; ecological footprint; and "triple bottom line"?
Q:
Compare and contrast the types of knowledge gained, and the research methods, of the natural and social sciences when considering environmental problems. Why do both types of disciplines need to be a part of environmental science?
Q:
What four transformative events of the past 2.5 million years caused human population size to increase? Describe each, briefly explaining the contributions that each made to human population growth. Include the pros and cons of each.
Q:
Differentiate between environmental science and environmentalism. Define each term and explain how they are similar and how they differ.
Q:
Give an example of an environmental problem. Why does the perception of what is an environmental problem differ from time to time and country to country? Give an example of how the perception of an environmental problem may have changed.
Q:
Why is it important to understand our interactions with the environment? What will studying environmental science enable you to do?
Q:
People who maintain that human ingenuity will find ways to make Earth's resources meet our needs indefinitely are called "Cassandras."
Q:
Over half of Earth's surface is used for some kind of agriculture.
Q:
Globalization will have an impact on the development of environmental law as the global community is interconnected by trade, politics, and the movement of people and species.
Q:
Scientists believe that fossil fuel use is contributing to warming of the lower atmosphere.
Q:
Environmentalism is a scientific approach to understanding environmental problems.
Q:
The primary goal of science is to positively prove hypotheses.
Q:
Cassandras are ________.A) an invasive speciesB) people who believe technology will find new resourcesC) people who predict disasterD) followers of PlatoE) are a tribe of Australian Aborigines opposed to uranium mining
Q:
According to the 2003 data in the textbook, one Canadian has as much impact on environment as ________.
A) 10 Chinese or 5 citizens of India
B) 10 Chinese or 10 citizens of India
C) 5 Chinese or 10 citizens of India
D) 5 Chinese or 5 citizens of India
E) 1 Chinese or 3 citizens of India
Q:
Ecological footprint is NOT a(n) ________.
A) number used to prove the concept of tragedy of the commons
B) total area that is "used" by a given person (including direct and indirect impacts)
C) measure of environmental impact of an individual
D) area of land and water required to provide raw materials that a person consumes
E) inverse of carrying capacity
Q:
The capacity of a terrestrial or aquatic ecosystem to be biologically productive and to absorb waste (like carbon dioxide) is called ________.
A) biocapacity
B) carrying capacity
C) bioavailability
D) carrying productivity
E) biomic capacity
Q:
________ can be quantified as the number of individuals of a given species that can be sustained by the biological productivity in a given area.
A) Carrying capacity
B) Biodiversity index
C) Population size
D) Community structure
E) Distribution density
Q:
A study's results are deemed worthy of acceptance into the body of scientific knowledge if they are published in journals that ________.
A) use the peer review process
B) charge a high fee for acceptance
C) are funded by corporations funding the research
D) meet guidelines advocated by environmentalists or consumer groups
E) conform to current political and religious views
Q:
A pharmaceutical company wishes to study a possible new headache medicine. They are doing human trials with 1,000 volunteers and need to ________.
A) have 10 volunteers in the control group
B) put all women in the control group and all men in the experimental group
C) divide the groups by level of health
D) give all groups the same amount of the new medication
E) control for the type of headachestress, migraine, or other causes
Q:
Qualitative data ________.
A) are data that are expressed as numbers and tested using statistics
B) can be acquired in the detailed examination of personal interviews or observations
C) have variables that may not have been properly manipulated
D) cannot be used to support or disprove hypotheses
E) cannot be replicated
Q:
In a controlled experiment, ________.
A) the researcher has several hypotheses, one of which will be proven correct
B) the researcher knows the outcome before she or he begins
C) the researcher controls for the effects of all variables except one
D) the experimental organisms have all been used before and have given good results
E) you need only a single experimental organism; replicates are not needed
Q:
Pesticide use ________.
A) may be a necessary part of modern technological agriculture with monocultures
B) can be eliminated by changing the season when crops are planted
C) will be eliminated as pests are decreasing as a consequence of years of pesticide use
D) poses no environmental threat in this country
E) will not be a problem as we learn to genetically modify predators
Q:
Sustainable development ________.
A) ensures an economy that will decline over time
B) means consuming resources without compromising future availability
C) is impossible to accomplish
D) is beyond our current technology and attitudes
E) is possible given our increased use of fertilizers and technology for agriculture
Q:
Carbon dioxide from fossil fuels, in addition to warming the atmosphere, is also a primary cause of ________.
A) toxic air pollution in the Arctic
B) deforestation
C) acidification of ocean water
D) an increase in the UV-radiation (ozone hole)
E) soil degradation
Q:
You have read about the mistakes made on Easter Island. On Tikopia, another small island, the people acted in other ways. When they realized that the pigs they had imported were damaging the environment, they killed them all. They had to have permission from a chief to fish, which prevented overfishing. They practised contraception. These all indicate that ________.
A) they believed in full resource utilization
B) they felt that everything was a nonrenewable resource
C) they felt that everything was a renewable resource
D) they applied technological innovations to increase their resources
E) they practised sustainability
Q:
The cumulative number and types of living things on Earth is ________.
A) called taxonomy
B) its biodiversity
C) increasing rapidly
D) its environment
E) an abiotic factor
Q:
According to Edward O. Wilson, the most serious and threatening environmental problem is the ________.
A) introduction of invasive species
B) loss of biodiversity
C) loss of arable land to expanding cities
D) extensive use of pesticides and fertilizers
E) acid rain
Q:
"A" in the IPAT formula stands for ________.
A) affluence
B) anthropogenic
C) abiotic
D) agriculture
E) anticipatory