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Q:
In order to perform the ________________, all of the observations in p samples are combined into a single set and all of the values in the single set are ranked from smallest to largest. After ranking, the sum of the ranks for each of the p samples is calculated.
A. Wilcoxon rank sum test
B. Kruskal-Wallis H test
C. Wilcoxon signed ranks test
D. sign test
Q:
The Kruskal-Wallis H statistic can be approximated by the _____________ distribution.
A. normal
B. chi-square
C. z
D. t
Q:
In order to perform the ________________ , all of the observations in two samples are combined into a single set and all of the values in the single set are ranked from smallest to largest.
A. Wilcoxon rank sum test
B. Kruskal-Wallis H test
C. Wilcoxon signed ranks test
D. sign test
Q:
When a large sample is taken, the _______________ approximation to the binomial distribution can be used to implement the sign test.
A. chi-square
B. normal
C. correlation coefficient
D. rank sum
Q:
If the population from which we sample is highly skewed to the right or to the left, then the population _________ might be a better measure of central tendency than the population mean.
A. median
B. variance
C. mode
D. average
Q:
The ______________ is a nonparametric method that requires data consisting of matched pairs.
A. Wilcoxon rank sum test
B. Kruskal-Wallis test
C. Wilcoxon signed ranks test
D. sign test
Q:
The Wilcoxon rank sum test is used to compare the locations of two _____________ populations.
A. dependent
B. normal
C. independent
D. similar
Q:
In a Wilcoxon rank sum test, when two or more observations are equal, we assign to each tied observation a rank equal to the _________ of the consecutive ranks.
A. average
B. median
C. sum
D. difference
Q:
The __________________ is a nonparametric counterpart of a one-way ANOVA F test.
A. Wilcoxon rank sum test
B. Kruskal-Wallis H test
C. Wilcoxon signed ranks test
D. sign test
Q:
The __________________ is a nonparametric counterpart of a small-sample t test for comparing two independent population locations.
A. Wilcoxon rank sum test
B. Kruskal-Wallis H test
C. Wilcoxon signed ranks test
D. sign test
Q:
A ___________ can be used without assuming that the sampled population(s) has/have a particular type of probability distribution.
A. t- test
B. nonparametric test
C. linear regression test
D. correlation test
Q:
In a local ice skating contest, there were 2 judges and 15 contestants. Each judge was asked to rate each contestant on a 7-point scale. The most successful candidates received a rating value of 7, while the least successful candidates received a rating value of 1. It appears that the bivariate normal probability distribution assumption was severely violated. The City Council wants to know whether the judges have similar opinions in rating ice skating competitors. At a significance level of .01, the rejection point condition for the hypothesis test is
A. reject H0 if rs > .457.
B. reject H0 if rs > .623.
C. reject H0 if rs > .441.
D. reject H0 if rs > .646.
E. reject H0 if rs > .689.
Q:
A professional organization is attempting to determine whether salaries of hospital CFOs differ by geographical region. Five hospital CFOs were randomly selected from each of the following four regions of the United States: East, Midwest, South, and West. Each CFO was then asked his or her annual salary. The salary distributions were highly skewed. The table below summarizes the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test obtained from MegaStat/Excel.At a significance level of .05, the rejection point condition for the hypothesis test isA. reject H0 if x2 > 9.3484.B. reject H0 if x2 > 30.1435.C. reject H0 if x2 > 7.81473.D. reject H0 if x2 > .341846.E. reject H0 if x2 > 32.8523.
Q:
A professional organization is attempting to determine whether salaries of hospital CFOs differ by geographical region. Five hospital CFOs were randomly selected from each of the following four regions of the United States: East, Midwest, South, and West. Each CFO was then asked his or her annual salary. The salary distributions were highly skewed. The table below summarizes the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test obtained from MegaStat/Excel. At a significance level of .05, which one of the following statements is correct regarding the following null hypothesis?
H0: The four populations under consideration have identical salaries.
A. We reject H0 and conclude that there is very strong evidence that the median hospital CFO salaries differ among all four regions in the United States.
B. We failed to reject H0 and conclude that there is not sufficient evidence that the median hospital CFO salaries differ among any of the four regions of the United States.
C. We do not reject H0 and conclude that there is only adequate evidence that the median hospital CFO salaries differ between at least two of the four regions in the United States.
D. We reject H0 and conclude that there is strong evidence that the median hospital CFO salaries differ between at least two of the four regions in the United States.
E. We do not reject H0 and conclude that all 4 populations under consideration are identical in their locations.
Q:
Refer to the MegaStat/Excel output for the Wilcoxon signed ranks test given in the table below.At a significance level of .01, which one of the following rejection point conditions is correct regarding the null hypothesis, H0: D1 and D2 are identical probability distributions, and the alternative hypothesis of Ha: D1 is shifted to the left of D2.A. T- 2B. T+ 2C. T- 0D. T- 6E. The smaller of T+ or T- is less than 8.
Q:
Refer to the MegaStat/Excel output for the Wilcoxon signed ranks test given in the table below. At a significance level of .01, which one of the following rejection point conditions is correct regarding the null hypothesis, H0: D1 and D2 are identical probability distributions, and the alternative hypothesis of Ha: D1 is shifted to the left of D2.
A. We reject H0 and conclude there is not sufficient evidence that the probability distribution of population 1 is shifted to the left of the probability distribution of population 2.
B. We cannot reject H0 and conclude there is not sufficient evidence that the probability distribution of population 1 is shifted to the left of the probability distribution of population 2.
C. We reject H0 and conclude there is very strong evidence that the probability distribution of population 1 is shifted to the left of the probability distribution of population 2.
D. We do not reject H0 and conclude there is very strong evidence that the probability distribution of population 1 is shifted to the left or to the right of the probability distribution of population 2.
E. We do not reject H0 and conclude there is very strong evidence that the probability distribution of population 1 is identical to the probability distribution of population 2.
Q:
Refer to the MegaStat/Excel output for the Wilcoxon rank sum test given in the table below.At a significance level of .05, which one of the following rejection point conditions is correct regarding the null hypothesis, H0: D1 and D2 are identical probability distributions, and the alternative hypothesis of Ha: D1 is shifted to the left of D2.A. We reject H0 and conclude that there is very strong evidence that the median value of the first sample significantly differs from the median value of the second sample.B. We reject H0 and conclude that there is very strong evidence that the median value of the first sample is significantly less than the median value of the second sample.C. We do not reject H0 and conclude there is not sufficient evidence that the median value of the first sample is significantly less than the median value of the second sample.D. We do not reject H0 and conclude there is not sufficient evidence to conclude that the median value of the first sample is not significantly different than the median value of the second sample.E. We do not reject H0 and conclude there is very strong evidence that the median value of the first sample is significantly less than the median value of the second sample.
Q:
Refer to the MegaStat/Excel output for the Wilcoxon rank sum test given in the table below.At a significance level of .05, which one of the following rejection point conditions is correct regarding the null hypothesis, H0: D1 and D2 are identical probability distributions, and the alternative hypothesis of Ha: D1 is shifted to the left of D2A. Reject H0 if T 83.B. Reject H0 if T 127.C. Reject H0 if T 131.D. Reject H0 if T 83.E. Reject H0 if T 79.
Q:
Refer to the MegaStat/Excel output for the Wilcoxon rank sum test given in the table below.At a significance level of .05, which one of the following rejection point conditions is correct regarding the following null hypothesis?H0: D1 and D2 are identical probability distributions.A. Reject H0 if T 79 or T 131.B. Reject H0 if T 131 or T 83.C. Reject H0 if T 131 or T 79.D. Reject H0 if T 83 or T 127.E. Reject H0 if T 79 or T 127.
Q:
Refer to the MegaStat/Excel output for the Wilcoxon rank sum test given in the table below.At a significance level of .05, which one of the following statements is correct regarding the following null hypothesis?H0: D1 and D2 are identical probability distributions.A. We reject H0 and conclude there is very strong evidence that the median value of the first sample significantly differs from the median value of the second sample.B. We reject H0 and conclude there is very strong evidence that the median value of the first sample is significantly less than the median value of the second sample.C. We do not reject H0 and conclude there is not sufficient evidence that the median value of the first sample is significantly less than the median value of the second sample.D. We do not reject H0 and conclude there is insufficient evidence to conclude that the median value of the first sample is not significantly different from the median value of the second sample.E. We do not reject H0 and conclude there is very strong evidence that the median value of the first sample is significantly greater than the median value of the second sample.
Q:
Assume that the following data set is not normally distributed.
(21, 18, 4, 9, 14, 16, 17, 12, 15, 8, 7, 5)
If Ha: Md < 16, then the p value is
A. .1208.
B. .1937.
C. .0537.
D. .3874.
E. .1458.
Q:
Assume that the following data set is not normally distributed.(21, 18, 4, 9, 14, 16, 17, 12, 15, 8, 7, 5)If Ha: Md 7, then the p value isA. .0161.B. .0029.C. .1458.D. .0729.E. .0537.
Q:
Assume that the following data set is not normally distributed.
(21, 18, 4, 9, 14, 16, 17, 12, 15, 8, 7, 5)
If Ha: Md > 6, then the p value is
A. .0161.
B. .0029.
C. .0537.
D. .0322.
E. .0192.
Q:
Assume that the following data set is not normally distributed.
(21, 18, 4, 9, 14, 16, 17, 12, 15, 8, 7, 5)
If Ha: Md < 6, then the value of S is
A. 0.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 3.
E. 4.
Q:
The __________________ detects whether the probability distribution of one population is shifted to the right or to the left of the probability distribution of another population.
A. sign test
B. Wilcoxon rank sum test
C. Wilcoxon signed ranks test
D. Kruskal-Wallis test
Q:
In a manufacturing facility producing fasteners, a foreman suspects that the diameter of the bolts produced by his second-shift workers is greater than the diameter of the bolts produced by his first-shift workers. He takes a sample of five bolts from the first shift and a sample of four bolts from the second shift and measures the diameters in inches. The population of bolt diameter measurements is not normally distributed. Which one of the following nonparametric tests is appropriate for this problem?
A. Wilcoxon signed ranks test
B. Wilcoxon rank sum test
C. sign test
D. Kruskal-Wallis test
E. Spearman's rank correlation test
Q:
Two NFL scouts are in the process of recruiting seven college senior football players (receivers). After a careful review and evaluation, both scouts ranked the seven receivers in terms of their professional career prospects. If we want to determine whether the two scouts have similar opinions about the professional football career prospects of the seven players, which one of the following non parametric tests would we choose?
A. Wilcoxon signed ranks test
B. Wilcoxon rank sum test
C. sign test
D. Kruskal-Wallis test
E. Spearman's rank correlation test
Q:
A cholesterol test was given to 10 heart patients with high cholesterol levels. The same 10 heart patients are then given a new cholesterol-reducing drug for six months. Before the patients begin taking the drug, they are told to maintain their current diets and eating habits so that the effect of the drug can be more effectively determined. After taking the drug for six months, the same patients are given a cholesterol test again. The pharmaceutical company manufacturing the medicine wants to know if the drug is effective in reducing the cholesterol levels of the patients. The cholesterol levels before and after taking the drug are recorded for each patient. The population of cholesterol levels is not normally distributed. Which one of the following nonparametric tests is appropriate for this problem?
A. Wilcoxon signed ranks test
B. Wilcoxon rank sum test
C. sign test
D. Kruskal-Wallis test
E. Spearman's rank correlation test
Q:
A copy machine service company provides maintenance and repair service for different types and brands of copiers. The manager of the repair department wants to know if the repair time for brand A is higher than the repair time for brand B. The manager randomly selects 8 repair records associated with brand A and 8 repair records associated with brand B. The distribution of repair times for both brand A and brand B is highly skewed. Which one of the following nonparametric tests is appropriate for this problem?
A. Wilcoxon signed ranks test
B. Wilcoxon rank sum test
C. sign test
D. Kruskal-Wallis test
E. Spearman's rank correlation test
Q:
An e-business/e-commerce information technology consulting company wants to compare the effectiveness of three programming languages that its programmers use. Currently each programming language is used by approximately 1/3 of the programmers employed by the company. The director of the programming division randomly selected 5 programmers from the users of each of the three programming languages and assigned the same simple programming task to each programmer. It is known that all three populations have highly skewed distributions with extreme outliers. Which one of the following nonparametric tests is appropriate for this problem?A. Wilcoxon signed ranks testB. Wilcoxon rank sum testC. sign testD. Kruskal-Wallis testE. Spearman's rank correlation test
Q:
The EPA has stipulated that the Pollution Standard Index (PSI) for clean air standards is to average no more than 100. A random sample of 9 days for the city of Acorn showed PSI readings of 144, 85, 90, 120, 150, 105, 93, 130, and 115. Assume the population of PSI readings is highly nonnormal. The EPA wants to determine if there is significant evidence to conclude that Acorn's air is dirtier than the stipulated clean air standards. Which one of the following tests is appropriate for this problem?A. Wilcoxon signed ranks testB. Wilcoxon rank sum testC. sign testD. Kruskal-Wallis testE. Spearman's rank correlation test
Q:
Five years ago, the average starting salary of a new college graduate with a major in marketing was $34,000. A random sample of 10 graduates from this year's graduating class of a local university yielded the following starting salaries in thousands of dollars: 38, 36, 25, 37, 35, 24, 38, 45, 39, 36. The local university wants to determine if the starting salaries have increased in the last five years. Assume that the population of starting salaries in marketing is not normally distributed. Which one of the following tests is appropriate for this problem?A. Wilcoxon signed ranks testB. Wilcoxon rank sum testC. sign testD. Kruskal-Wallis testE. Mann-Whitney test
Q:
Parametric methods are ____________ more powerful than their nonparametric counterparts.
A. always
B. sometimes
C. never
Q:
The signed ranks test is the nonparametric counterpart of the
A. small-sample t test about a single population mean.
B. two independent samples t test.
C. one-way ANOVA F test.
D. paired difference t test.
E. F test for equality of population variances.
Q:
The Wilcoxon signed ranks test is the nonparametric counterpart of the
A. large sample test about a single population mean.
B. two independent samples t test.
C. one-way ANOVA F test.
D. paired difference t test.
E. F test for equality of population variances.
Q:
The Kruskal-Wallis test is the nonparametric counterpart of the
A. large-sample test about a single population mean.
B. two independent samples t test.
C. one-way ANOVA F test.
D. paired-difference t test.
E. F test for equality of population variances.
Q:
The Wilcoxon rank sum test is the nonparametric counterpart of the
A. large-sample test about a single population mean.
B. two independent samples t test.
C. F test.
D. paired-difference t test.
E. F test for equality of population variances.
Q:
Which one of the following nonparametric methods can be used to determine the strength of the relationship between two variables?
A. Wilcoxon signed ranks test
B. sign test
C. Kruskal-Wallis test
D. Wilcoxon rank sum test
E. Spearman's test
Q:
Which one of the following nonparametric methods can be considered as an extension of the Wilcoxon rank sum test?
A. Wilcoxon signed ranks test
B. sign test
C. Kruskal-Wallis test
D. Spearman's test
Q:
Which one of the following nonparametric methods can be used to compare more than two independent populations in a single test?
A. Wilcoxon signed ranks test
B. sign test
C. Kruskal-Wallis test
D. Wilcoxon rank sum test
E. Spearman's test
Q:
Which of the following statements about nonparametric methods is correct?A. Nonparametric tests are only used in cases where parametric tests such as t or F do not exist.B. Nonparametric tests should always be used when one is available, because they are easier to apply then their parametric counterparts.C. Nonparametric tests are useful alternatives to parametric tests such as t or F when certain assumptions required by parametric tests are violated.D. Nonparametric tests are only used if the data come from independent samples.
Q:
Which one of the following nonparametric methods can be used with a single population?
A. Spearman's test
B. sign test
C. Kruskal-Wallis test
D. Wilcoxon rank sum test
Q:
Which one of the following nonparametric methods requires that we carry out a paired difference experiment?
A. Wilcoxon signed ranks test
B. sign test
C. Kruskal-Wallis test
D. Wilcoxon rank sum test
Q:
The Wilcoxon rank sum test requires that two independent samples being compared must have equal sample sizes.
Q:
The Kruskal-Wallis test requires that all p samples being compared must have equal sample sizes.
Q:
The sign test is a nonparametric test for a population mean that is valid for any sample size and population shape.
Q:
The Spearman's rank correlation test can be used to study the relationship between two ordinal variables.
Q:
The sign test is a test about a population median that is valid for any sample size and population shape.
Q:
In testing the significance of a population correlation coefficient using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, it is assumed that all possible combinations of values of variable X and variable Y have a bivariate normal probability distribution.
Q:
An assumption of the Wilcoxon rank sum test is that the variances of the two populations are equal.
Q:
A parametric test is always more powerful than its nonparametric counterpart.
Q:
If you have data that consist of matched pairs collected from two dependent populations, then it may be appropriate to use the Wilcoxon signed ranks test.
Q:
Parametric tests, such as F and t tests, are more powerful than their nonparametric counterparts if the assumptions needed to perform the parametric test are not violated.
Q:
The Wilcoxon rank sum test and the Kruskal-Wallis test both require that we take independent random samples.
Q:
The Wilcoxon signed ranks test is also called the Mann-Whitney test.
Q:
The Wilcoxon rank sum test is a nonparametric test used to compare the central tendencies of two populations when a paired difference experiment has been conducted.
Q:
The Wilcoxon signed ranks test is a nonparametric test.
Q:
Nonparametric tests can be more powerful than the corresponding t or F tests if the population distribution is highly skewed or nonnormal.
Q:
A sign test is a test of hypothesis about the population mean.
Q:
A powder metal manufacturing company is producing sleeves for a locking mechanism. The target (nominal) value for the inside diameter is 1 inch. The inside diameter specifications are 1 .005 inches. Assume that the process is in statistical control with = 1.0002 inches, = .003 inches, and subgroup size of 5. Calculate the control limits for the chart.
A. .99781 to 1.00219
B. .99801 to 1.00238
C. .99830 to 1.00713
D. .99847 to 1.00193
E. .995 to 1.005
Q:
For a manufacturing process, = 10 inches, = .4 inches, and the subgroup sample size is 6 units. Calculate the standard control limits for the R chart
A. 0 and .846
B. 0 and .802
C. 0 and .77
D. 0 and 1.0
E. −.09 and .89
Q:
For a manufacturing process, = 10 inches, = .4 inches, and the subgroup sample size is 6 units. Calculate the standard control limits for the chart.
A. 9.526 and 10.474
B. 9.769 and 10.231
C. 9.807 and 10.193
D. 9.484 and 10.516
E. 8.80 and 11.20
Q:
For a manufacturing process, = 10 inches, = .4 inches, and the subgroup sample size is 6 units. Calculate the natural tolerance limits for this process.
A. [9.526, 10.474]
B. [9.510, 10.490]
C. [9.484, 10.516]
D. [9.807, 10.193]
E. [9.769, 10.231]
Q:
In 25 samples of 100 units each, 75 units were found to be defective. Find the appropriate UCL and LCL for the p chart.
A. 0 to .0642
B. 0 to .0828
C. 0 to .0812
D. .0129 to .0471
E. 0 to .1324
Q:
If the ________ limits are within the ________ limits, then it can be concluded that the process is __________.
A. specification, natural, capable
B. natural, specification, stable
C. specification, natural, stable
D. natural, specification, capable
Q:
When a process is influenced only by common causes of variation,
A. the process may also be influenced by assignable causes of variation.
B. many plot points on a control chart will be outside the control limits.
C. the process is always capable of meeting customer requirements.
D. the process is in statistical control.
E. the process is never capable of meeting customer requirements.
Q:
Common causes of process variation
A. are sources of unusual process variation.
B. usually must be remedied by management.
C. usually must be remedied by local supervision.
D. always exist together with assignable causes of variation.
E. can never be remedied or reduced.
Q:
The natural tolerance limits for a normally distributed process that is in statistical control
A. extend beyond the specification limits when a process is capable.
B. are within the specification limits when a process is capable.
C. contain approximately 99.73 percent of the individual process measurements.
D. are within the specification limits when a process is capable and contain approximately 99.73 percent of the individual process measurements.
E. extend beyond the specification limits when a process is capable and contain approximately 99.73 percent of the individual process measurements.
Q:
Which of the following is not evidence of an assignable cause?
A. There are 8 consecutive points above the mean.
B. There are 9 consecutively decreasing points.
C. There is a point below the lower control limit.
D. There are 2 out of 3 consecutive points in Zone A.
E. There are 4 out of 5 consecutive points in Zone C.
Q:
In a manufacturing process, if the limits for a control chart are set too _____________, the risk of unnecessarily tampering with the process ____________.
A. tight, increases
B. loose, increases
C. tight, decreases
D. None of the other choices is correct.
Q:
In a manufacturing process, if the limits for a control chart are set too _____________, the risk of not investigating a special cause of variation and possibly not taking a corrective action ____________.
A. tight, increases
B. loose, increases
C. loose, decreases
D. None of the other choices is correct.
Q:
If a control chart is used correctly and the necessary corrective actions are taken, as the control limits get ____________, the potential quality of the product _____________.
A. looser, increases
B. tighter, decreases
C. tighter, increases
D. None of the other choices is correct.
Q:
How well a product or service performs in the marketplace is called
A. process capability.
B. quality of conformance.
C. quality of performance.
D. quality of design.
E. process control.
Q:
How well the design of a product or service meets and exceeds the needs and expectations of
the customer is called
A. process capability.
B. quality of conformance.
C. quality of performance.
D. quality of design.
E. process control.
Q:
How well a process is able to meet the requirements set forth by the process design is called
A. process leeway.
B. quality of conformance.
C. quality of performance.
D. quality of design.
Q:
Observing the output of a process at fixed time intervals is referred to as ___________ sampling.
A. consecutive
B. random
C. fixed
D. periodic
Q:
Rational subgrouping allows us to detect changes ____________ subgroups.
A. within
B. between
C. in the sizes of
D. None of the other choices is correct.
Q:
If the process variability steadily increases, we would observe
A. an alternating pattern of a high value followed by a low value on the R chart.
B. an upward trend on the R chart.
C. a downward trend on the R chart.
D. an increasing gradual funnel pattern on the R chart.
E. a decreasing gradual funnel pattern on the R chart.
Q:
When employing measurement data to study a process, the ____________ monitors the process mean.
A. chart
B. p chart
C. R chart
D. natural tolerance
E. pattern analysis
Q:
Which of the following control charts is designed to control the proportion of nonconforming units?
A. p chart
B. chart
C. R chart