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Q:
What is the probability of at least one tail in the toss of three fair coins?
A. 1/8
B. 4/8
C. 5/8
D. 7/8
E. 6/8
Q:
If we consider the toss of four coins as an experiment, how many outcomes does the sample space consist of?
A. 8
B. 4
C. 16
D. 32
E. 2
Q:
What is the probability that a king appears in drawing a single card from a deck of 52 cards?
A. 4/13
B. 1/13
C. 1/52
D. 1/12
E. 2/13
Q:
What is the probability that an even number appears on the toss of a die?
A. 0.5
B. 0.33
C. 0.25
D. 0.67
E. 1.00
Q:
What is the probability of rolling a value higher than eight with a pair of fair dice?
A. 6/36
B. 18/36
C. 10/36
D. 8/36
E. 12/36
Q:
What is the probability of rolling a seven with a pair of fair dice?
A. 6/36
B. 3/36
C. 1/36
D. 8/36
E. 7/36
Q:
The probability model describing an experiment consists of
A. sample space.
B. probabilities of the sample space outcomes.
C. sample space and probabilities of the sample space outcomes.
D. independent events.
E. random variables.
Q:
Consider a standard deck of 52 playing cards, a randomly selected card from the deck, and the following events: R = red, B = black, A = ace, N = nine, D = diamond, and C = club.Are D and C mutually exclusive?A. Yes, mutually exclusive.B. No, not mutually exclusive.
Q:
Consider a standard deck of 52 playing cards, a randomly selected card from the deck, and the following events: R = red, B = black, A = ace, N = nine, D = diamond, and C = club.Are N and C mutually exclusive?A. Yes, mutually exclusive.B. No, not mutually exclusive.
Q:
Consider a standard deck of 52 playing cards, a randomly selected card from the deck, and the following events: R = red, B = black, A = ace, N = nine, D = diamond, and C = club.Are A and N mutually exclusive?A. Yes, mutually exclusive.B. No, not mutually exclusive.
Q:
Consider a standard deck of 52 playing cards, a randomly selected card from the deck, and the following events: R = red, B = black, A = ace, N = nine, D = diamond, and C = club.Are R and C mutually exclusive?A. Yes, mutually exclusive.B. No, not mutually exclusive.
Q:
Consider a standard deck of 52 playing cards, a randomly selected card from the deck, and the following events: R = red, B = black, A = ace, N = nine, D = diamond, and C = club.Are R and A mutually exclusive?A. Yes, mutually exclusive.B. No, not mutually exclusive.
Q:
Determine whether these two events are mutually exclusive:someone with three sisters and someone with four siblings.A. mutually exclusiveB. not mutually exclusive
Q:
Determine whether these two events are mutually exclusive: voter who favors gun control and an unregistered voter.A. mutually exclusiveB. not mutually exclusive
Q:
Determine whether these two events are mutually exclusive: someone born in the United States and a US citizen.A. mutually exclusiveB. not mutually exclusive
Q:
Determine whether these two events are mutually exclusive: unmarried person and a person with an employed spouse.A. mutually exclusiveB. not mutually exclusive
Q:
Determine whether these two events are mutually exclusive: consumer with an unlisted phone number and a consumer who does not drive.A. mutually exclusiveB. not mutually exclusive
Q:
The ___________ of two events A and B is the event that consists of the sample space outcomes belonging to both event A and event B.
A. union
B. intersection
C. complement
D. mutual exclusivity
Q:
The __________ of event X consists of all sample space outcomes that do not correspond to the occurrence of event X.
A. independence
B. complement
C. conditional probability
D. dependence
Q:
Probabilities must be assigned to sample space outcomes so that the probability assigned to each sample space outcome must be between ____________, inclusive.
A. 0 and 100
B. -100 and 100
C. 0 and 1
D. -1 and 1
Q:
Probabilities must be assigned to each sample space outcome so that the probabilities of all the sample space outcomes add up to _____________.
A. 1
B. between 0 and 1
C. between -1 and 1
D. 0
Q:
A(n) ______________ is a collection of sample space outcomes.
A. experiment
B. event
C. set
D. probability
Q:
A(n) _______________ probability is a probability assessment that is based on experience, intuitive judgment, or expertise.
A. experimental
B. relative frequency
C. objective
D. subjective
Q:
The simultaneous occurrence of events A and B is represented by the notation _______________.A. A Ï… BB. A|BC. A,BD. B|A
Q:
If events A and B are independent, then P(A|B) is equal to _____________.A. P(B)B. P(A,B)C. P(A)D. P(A Ï… B)
Q:
A probability may be interpreted as a long-run _____________ frequency.
A. observational
B. relative
C. experimental
D. conditional
Q:
When the probability of one event is not influenced by whether or not another event occurs, the events are said to be _____________.
A. independent
B. dependent
C. mutually exclusive
D. experimental
Q:
A process of observation that has an uncertain outcome is referred to as a(n) _____________.
A. probability
B. frequency
C. conditional probability
D. experiment
Q:
When the probability of one event is influenced by whether or not another event occurs, the events are said to be _____________.
A. independent
B. dependent
C. mutually exclusive
D. experimental
Q:
The _____________ of an event is a number that measures the likelihood that an event will occur when an experiment is carried out.
A. outcome
B. probability
C. intersection
D. observation
Q:
A(n) _____________ is the set of all of the distinct possible outcomes of an experiment.
A. sample space
B. union
C. intersection
D. observation
Q:
P(A Ï… B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A,B) represents the formula for the ____________.A. conditional probabilityB. addition ruleC. addition rule for two mutually exclusive eventsD. multiplication rule
Q:
If P(A) > 0 and P(B) > 0 and events A and B are independent, then ____________.A. P(A) = P(B)B. P(A|B) = P(A)C. P(A,B) = 0D. P(A,B) = P(A) P(BÏ…A)
Q:
The ___________ of two events X and Y is another event that consists of the sample space outcomes belonging to either event X or event Y or both events X and Y.
A. complement
B. union
C. intersection
D. conditional probability
Q:
A(n) ____________ is the probability that one event will occur given that we know that another event already has occurred.
A. sample space outcome
B. subjective probability
C. complement of events
D. long-run relative frequency
E. conditional probability
Q:
The set of all possible outcomes for an experiment is called a(n) ____________.
A. sample space
B. event
C. experiment
D. probability
Q:
If events A and B are independent, then the probability of simultaneous occurrence of event A and event B can be found with ____________.
A. P(A)P(B)
B. P(A)P(B|A)
C. P(B)P(A|B)
D. All of these choices are correct.
Q:
Events that have no sample space outcomes in common, and therefore cannot occur simultaneously, are ____________.
A. independent
B. mutually exclusive
C. intersections
D. unions
Q:
If two events are independent, we can _____________ their probabilities to determine the intersection probability.
A. divide
B. add
C. multiply
D. subtract
Q:
In which of the following are the two events A and B always independent?
A. A and B are mutually exclusive.
B. The probability of event A is not influenced by the probability of event B.
C. The intersection of A and B is zero.
D. P(A|B) = P(A).
E. The probability of event A is not influenced by the probability of event B, or P(A|B) = P(A).
Q:
A manager has just received the expense checks for six of her employees. She randomly distributes the checks to the six employees. What is the probability that exactly five of them will receive the correct checks (checks with the correct names)?
A. 1
B. 1/2
C. 1/6
D. 0
E. 1/3
Q:
A ___________________ is a measure of the chance that an uncertain event will occur.
A. random experiment
B. sample space
C. probability
D. complement
E. population
Q:
Two mutually exclusive events having positive probabilities are ______________ dependent.
A. always
B. sometimes
C. never
Q:
A random variable is a numerical value that is determined by the outcome of an experiment.
Q:
There are two types of probability distributions: discrete and binomial.
Q:
A probability model is a mathematic representation of a random phenomenon.
Q:
Bayes' Theorem is always based on two states of nature and three experimental outcomes.
Q:
Bayes' Theorem uses prior probabilities with additional information to compute posterior probabilities.
Q:
The method of assigning probabilities when all outcomes are equally likely to occur is called the classical method.
Q:
Events that have no sample space outcomes in common, and therefore cannot occur simultaneously, are referred to as independent events.
Q:
If events A and B are independent, then P(A|B) is always equal to zero.
Q:
If events A and B are mutually exclusive, then P(A∩B) is always equal to zero.
Q:
The probability of an event is the sum of the probabilities of the sample space outcomes that correspond to the event.
Q:
A subjective probability is a probability assessment that is based on experience, intuitive judgment, or expertise.
Q:
Mutually exclusive events have a nonempty intersection.
Q:
Two events are independent if the probability of one event is influenced by whether or not the other event occurs.
Q:
An event is a collection of sample space outcomes.
Q:
A contingency table is a tabular summary of probabilities concerning two sets of complementary events.
Q:
Every current applicant for a position in the marketing department of Company A is given a 10-question test on interpretation of findings from statistical analyses. Individuals are rated on three levels based on their scores: Excellent (9-10 correct), Average (5-8 correct), and Poor (fewer than 5 correct). Historically, the probability of an individual scoring Excellent = .38, Average = .52, and Poor = .10. Also, the company knows that 90 percent of applicants who score Excellent are offered a position, 75 percent of applicants who score Average are offered a position, and 35 percent of the applicants who score Poor are offered a position. What is the probability that an individual who is offered a position has a Poor score?
Q:
Every current applicant for a position in the marketing department of Company A is given a 10-question test on interpretation of findings from statistical analyses. Individuals are rated on three levels based on their scores: Excellent (9-10 correct), Average (5-8 correct), and Poor (fewer than 5 correct). Historically, the probability of an individual scoring Excellent = .38, Average = .52, and Poor = .10. Also, the company knows that 90 percent of applicants who score Excellent are offered a position, 75 percent of applicants who score Average are offered a position, and 35 percent of the applicants who score Poor are offered a position. What is the probability that an individual who is offered a position has an Average score?
Q:
Every current applicant for a position in the marketing department of Company A is given a 10-question test on interpretation of findings from statistical analyses. Individuals are rated on three levels based on their scores: Excellent (9-10 correct), Average (5-8 correct), and Poor (fewer than 5 correct). Historically, the probability of an individual scoring Excellent = .38, Average = .52, and Poor = .10. Also, the company knows that 90 percent of applicants who score Excellent are offered a position, 75 percent of applicants who score Average are offered a position, and 35 percent of the applicants who score Poor are offered a position. What is the probability that an individual who is offered a position has an Excellent score?
Q:
Three companies produce all the potato chips used by vending machines in public areas in a midwestern state. Company A accounts for 70 percent of the chips, Company B 19 percent, and Company C 11 percent. The probability of the vending company getting an unfilled bag is 2 percent for Company A, 2 percent for Company B, and 4 percent for Company C. Suppose an unfilled bag is found. What is the probability that it came from Company C?
Q:
Three companies produce all the potato chips used by vending machines in public areas in a midwestern state. Company A accounts for 70 percent of the chips, Company B 19 percent, and Company C 11 percent. The probability of the vending company getting an unfilled bag is 2 percent for Company A, 2 percent for Company B, and 4 percent for Company C. Suppose an unfilled bag is found. What is the probability that it came from Company B?
Q:
Three companies produce all the potato chips used by vending machines in public areas in a midwestern state. Company A accounts for 70 percent of the chips, Company B 19 percent, and Company C 11 percent. The probability of the vending company getting an unfilled bag is 2 percent for Company A, 2 percent for Company B, and 4 percent for Company C. Suppose an unfilled bag is found. What is the probability that it came from Company A?
Q:
Suppose the probability that an individual has a particular medical condition is .10. Tests of an individual's DNA can determine whether they have this medical condition but with only an 85 percent accuracy rate (that is, if the condition is present, the probability that the DNA test will give a positive finding is .85). If the medical condition is not present, the probability of the DNA test saying the medical condition exists is 0.03. What is the probability that the medical condition is present if the DNA test comes back positive?
Q:
A worldwide personal products manufacturer is working on a new hair care product. In the past, 85 percent of new hair care products introduced by this company have become successful (15 percent have failed). Obviously, the marketing research department plays a large role in the introduction of any new product. Historically, 85 percent of the successful products have a favorable rating from marketing research studies and 20 percent of the unsuccessful products have favorable ratings. For the new hair care product, the marketing unit has issued a favorable rating. What is the probability that the new product will be successful?
Q:
An auditing firm has developed a set of criteria for determining whether a particular account (and its balance) is in error. Historically, at companies where the gross sales are under $25 million, they know that of balances that were in error, 75 percent were regarded as unusual. Assume Company A shows a history of only 10 percent of the account balances being in error and it also shows that 25 percent of the account balances were unusual. What are the states of nature and the experimental outcomes?
Q:
An auditing firm has developed a set of criteria for determining whether a particular account (and its balance) is in error. Historically, at companies where the gross sales are under $25 million, they know that of balances that were in error, 75 percent were regarded as unusual. Assume Company A shows a history of only 10 percent of the account balances being in error and it also shows that 25 percent of the account balances were unusual. If in an audit, a particular account appears unusual, what is the probability that it is in error for Company A?
Q:
A television program director has 14 shows available for Monday night but can choose only 5 shows. How many different possible combinations are there?
Q:
Suppose that 60 percent of a company's computer chips are manufactured in Factory A, while 40 percent are produced in Factory B [P(A) = .60 for a randomly selected chip]. The defect rates for the two factories are 35 percent for Factory A and 25 percent for Factory B. Suppose we now know that the randomly selected chip is defective. Find the probability that the defective chip comes from Factory A.
Q:
Suppose that A1, A2, and B are events where A1 and A2 are mutually exclusive events and P(A1) = .7, P(A2) = .3, P(B‚A1) = .2, P(B‚A2) = .4. Find P(A2‚B).A. 0.12B. 0.26C. 0.21D. 0.14E. 0.46
Q:
Another name for the 50th percentile is the ___________.
A. mean
B. first quartile
C. median
D. mode
E. third quartile
Q:
A measurement located outside the upper limits of a box-and-whiskers display is ___________.
A. always in the first quartile
B. an outlier
C. always the largest value in the data set
D. within the lower limits
Q:
As a measure of variation, the sample ___________ is easy to understand and compute. It is based on the two extreme values and is therefore a highly unstable measure.
A. range
B. standard deviation
C. variance
D. interquartile range
E. coefficient of variation
Q:
A quantity that measures the variation of a population or a sample relative to its mean is called the ____________.
A. range
B. standard deviation
C. coefficient of variation
D. variance
E. interquartile range
Q:
When using Chebyshev'sTheorem to obtain the bounds for 99.73 percent of the values in a population, the interval generally will be ___________ the interval obtained for the same percentage if a normal distribution is assumed (Empirical Rule).
A. shorter than
B. wider than
C. the same as
Q:
A disadvantage of using grouping (a frequency table) with sample data is that
A. calculations involving central tendency and variation are more complicated than central tendency and variation calculations based on ungrouped data.
B. the descriptive statistics are less precise than the descriptive statistics obtained using ungrouped data.
C. the interpretation of the grouped data descriptive statistics is meaningless.
D. it is much more difficult to summarize the information than it is with the ungrouped data.
Q:
If the mean, median, and mode for a given population all equal 25, then we know that the shape of the distribution of the population is ____________.
A. bimodal
B. skewed to the right
C. symmetrical
D. skewed to the left
Q:
If a population distribution is skewed to the right, then, given a random sample from that population, one would expect that the ____________.
A. median would be greater than the mean
B. mode would be equal to the mean
C. median would be less than the mean
D. median would be equal to the mean
Q:
Which of the following is influenced the least by the occurrence of extreme values in a sample?
A. mean
B. median
C. geometric mean
D. weighted mean