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Q:
Describe the caucus system. What are the advantages of this system? What are the disadvantages?
Q:
Which of the following statements best reflects the Framers' attitudes about public opinion?
a. Public opinion is the best measure of the soundness of government policy.
b. Public opinion is potentially divisive and should, therefore, be encouraged.
c. Public opinion is potentially counterproductive and should, therefore, be tempered.
d. Public opinion should be monitored closely in election years.
e. Public opinion should be represented in government by lobbyists.
Q:
What proportion of the total economy did the government consume in 2012?
a. one-sixth
b. one-fifth
c. one-fourth
d. one-third
e. one-half
Q:
Why was the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unsuccessful?
a. The states of the former Confederacy did not abide by any of the laws passed by Congress prior to 1894.
b. Congress did not have the authority to enact legislation in the South during the Civil War.
c. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was only concerned with discrimination on the basis of age.
d. The Supreme Court said that private citizens could chose not to provide public accommodations on account of race.
e. The Supreme Court said that governments could chose not to provide public accommodations on account of race.
Q:
The __________ faith is the most cohesive faith when it comes to voting.
Q:
Which of the following statements about the relationship between political knowledge and political participation is true?
a. Increases in political knowledge lead to decreases in political participation.
b. Increases in political participation lead to decreases in political knowledge.
c. Decreases in political participation lead to increases in political knowledge
d. Increases in political knowledge lead to increases in political participation.
e. Increases in political knowledge have no effect on political participation.
Q:
Which law designates the steps that federal agencies must follow in issuing rules and regulations?
a. the Administrative Procedures Act
b. the Freedom of Information Act
c. the Hatch Act
d. the Pendleton Act
e. the Privacy Act
Q:
In what types of cases has Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 helped women achieve key victories?
a. sexual harassment, inclusion, and affirmative action
b. right to control reproductive health and right to abortion
c. affirmative action and inclusion in areas of education, work, and social clubs
d. right to marry interracially and to control reproductive health
e. sexual harassment, domestic violence, and rape
Q:
Explain the justification of federalism from the Framers' point of view.
Q:
If you are financially secure, you are more likely to support the __________ party.
Q:
When they become ten or eleven, what political opinion of Democratic presidents would you expect of children raised in politically active Republican households?
a. that they would be indifferent to Democratic presidents
b. that they would have roughly the same feelings toward Democratic presidents as Republican ones
c. that they would be more skeptical of Democratic presidents than Republican ones
d. that they would, because of the liberalizing effect of age, be less skeptical of Democratic presidents than Republican ones
e. that they would, because of the increasing influence of their peer group, adopt the attitudes of their peers toward Democratic presidents
Q:
__________ are rules created by government agencies that determine how laws are implemented.
a. Policies
b. Procedures
c. Regulations
d. Standards
e. Statutes
Q:
Which of the following arguments would most likely be made by an opponent of affirmative action policies?
a. Affirmative action helps to compensate for past discrimination.
b. Discrimination is a natural part of the human experience.
c. Affirmative action discriminates on the basis of race.
d. Diversity helps Americans better understand each other.
e. Unaddressed past discrimination causes perpetual inequality.
Q:
If a person wanted to predict your vote, the most powerful piece of information would be your __________.
Q:
Americans are likely to have the most difficulty forming opinions on which of the following topics?
a. topics involving bread-and-butter issues, such as jobs and unemployment
b. topics involving moral issues, such punishments for hate crimes
c. topics involving tax deductions for home mortgages
d. topics involving the European Central Bank and creditor nations
e. topics involving single-payer health care mandates
Q:
Under the spoils system, who was awarded jobs in the federal bureaucracy?
a. those who scored highest on aptitude tests
b. those who did not affiliate with a political party
c. those who previously served in the military
d. those who previously held elected office
e. those who helped candidates win election
Q:
What was the Supreme Court's justification for overturning the separate-but-equal doctrine?
a. The Supreme Court did not have all of the facts when it adopted the separate-but-equal doctrine.
b. The separate-but-equal doctrine was never intended to apply to people.
c. The quality of life for African Americans in the South had deteriorated considerably since the adoption of the separate-but-equal doctrine.
d. The Supreme Court needed to step in because the South had been unwilling to segregate educational facilities as required by Plessy v. Ferguson.
e. Segregated schools stigmatize minority children and are inherently unequal.
Q:
Choosing to vote based on a candidate's campaign policy promises is a form of __________ judgment.
Q:
What is the difference between simple random sampling and stratified sampling?
a. Stratified sampling combines random selection with predetermined weighting of a population's demographic characteristics, whereas random sampling does not.
b. Stratified sampling gives each member of a targeted population the same probability of being polled, whereas simple random sampling does not.
c. Random simplified sampling incorporates random selection into the polling procedure, whereas stratified sampling does not.
d. Stratified sampling excludes the element of randomness from the polling process, whereas random simplified sampling does not.
e. Stratified sampling relies on techniques to eliminate bias, whereas simple random sampling does not.
Q:
The civil service system was introduced following passage of what law?
a. the Hatch Act
b. the Pendleton Act
c. the Administrative Procedures Act
d. the Freedom of Information Act
e. the Ethics in Government Act
Q:
How do the rational basis and the intermediate standard of review differ?
a. The rational basis standard requires an important governmental objective for classification; the intermediate standard requires the classification to be necessary.
b. The rational basis standard applies only to racial classifications; the intermediate standard applies to gender and sexual orientation classifications.
c. The intermediate standard of review is applied to a broader array of classifications than the rational basis standard.
d. It is easier for the government to demonstrate that there is a rational basis for a law than to meet the requirements of the intermediate standard.
e. Those who dislike a law will have an easier time getting it overturned if the Supreme Court applies the intermediate standard instead of the rational basis test.
Q:
Describe the primary strengths of a federal system.
Q:
Presidential __________ refers to the increased probability that congressional candidates will get elected in the same election as the presidential nominee of their party is elected.
Q:
Web polls that allow anyone to weigh in on a topic are similar to which of the following type(s) of polls?
a. exit polls and deliberative polls
b. deliberative polls
c. tracking polls and straw polls
d. biannual Cooperative Congressional Election studies
e. straw polls
Q:
Max Weber identified which of the following as a characteristic of bureaucracy?
a. inefficiency
b. transparency
c. consensus-making
d. task specialization
e. red tape
Q:
How are the Fourteenth Amendment and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 similar?
a. They both were enacted quickly and easily.
b. They both passed the strict scrutiny test administered by the Supreme Court.
c. They were both based on Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce.
d. They both sought equal rights for women.
e. They both sought equal rights for African Americans.
Q:
The __________ is the difference in voting patterns between men and women.
Q:
What did George Gallup mean when he said that public opinion polls "speed up the process of democracy"?
a. that polls define issues of concern to the public
b. that polls make elections run more smoothly
c. that polls accurately predict election outcomes
d. that politics without polls is undemocratic
e. that laws sail through the legislative process if public opinion supports them
Q:
The __________ is the departments, agencies, and offices within the executive branch that perform the functions of government.
a. administration
b. bureaucracy
c. cabinet
d. civil service
e. iron triangle
Q:
Why did Congress pass the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
a. in order to facilitate the prosecution of those who had restricted the voting rights of African Americans
b. because it was clear that the South had no intention of living up to the spirit of the Fifteenth Amendment
c. because Congress was afraid the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. would lead a boycott of white businesses if the legislation was not passed
d. to prevent the race riots from spreading from African American neighborhoods into traditionally white neighborhoods
e. the Supreme Court had determined that only the national government could regulate elections
Q:
__________ is the process of redrawing district lines to reflect population shifts after a census.
Q:
Bloggers, television news anchors, and radio hosts all have what in common?
a. popularity with liberal consumers
b. popularity with young consumers
c. preference for investigative journalism
d. tendency to be Republicans
e. tendency toward coverage bias
Q:
Which do you think make presidents more effective: their formal powers, or their informal powers? Be sure to cite specific presidential powers to support your argument. Include a conclusion that summarizes your argument.
Q:
Why did southern states enact poll taxes?
a. to raise revenue for the government
b. to ensure that only people who really want to vote would do so
c. to get around the Fifteenth Amendment
d. to enfranchise former slaves
e. because literacy is necessary for democracy to function
Q:
Explain the preemption legislation/ the preemption doctrine.
Q:
__________ are tax-exempt organizations created to influence the nomination, election, or appointment of political candidates, which are not subject to FEC disclosure rules.
Q:
The main difference between a press briefing and press conference is the level of what?
a. intelligence
b. attendance
c. restriction
d. bias
e. technology
Q:
How would you characterize President Obama's presidency? Has he been a successful or a disappointing president? Justify your answer with details from the text. Summarize your opinion and rationale.
Q:
Which of the following accurately states how the Supreme Court clarified the scope of the Thirteenth Amendment in The Slaughterhouse Cases in 1873?
a. This amendment abolishes slavery and involuntary servitude throughout the United States.
b. Groups other than newly freed slaves, such as Hispanics and Asian Americans, are not covered by the amendment.
c. All former Confederate states must ratify the Thirteenth Amendment as a condition for readmission to the union.
d. Newly freed slaves who are vagrant may be fined for vagrancy and hired out to employers to satisfy their fines, as this does not constitute involuntary servitude.
e. Groups other than newly freed slaves, such as Hispanics and Asian Americans, are also covered by the amendment.
Q:
The __________ campaign is aimed at winning the primary election.
Q:
Imagine you are a journalist covering a scandal that may destroy a member of Congress. You obtain your information from a source at the Department of Justice. In your story, you make no reference to the source's name or to the Department of Justice. This source is __________.
a. on the record
b. off the record
c. on background
d. on deep background
e. secret
Q:
Article II, Section 4 of the Constitution says, "The President, Vice President, and all Civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high crimes and Misdemeanors." Explain what this means. What would your criteria be for impeachment?
Q:
What is the status of affirmative action in college admissions after the Supreme Court decisions in the two cases involving the University of Michigan, Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) and Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)?
a. Affirmative action policies are generally permissible, but they cannot involve race-based quotas or numerical point systems.
b. Affirmative action policies are assumed to be unconstitutional unless the university can demonstrate the need to promote racial tolerance.
c. Affirmative action policies are assumed to be constitutional unless an applicant can demonstrate that race affected the admissions decision.
d. Affirmative action policies must ensure that all racial and ethnic groups are represented in accordance with the population of the nation as a whole.
e. All forms of affirmative action are unconstitutional because they unfairly favor some people over others based on the color of their skin.
Q:
__________ ads compare the records and proposals of the candidates, with a bias toward the candidate sponsoring the ad.
Q:
"A source at the White House said"¦" is an example of an attribution based on information obtained __________.
a. on the record.
b. off the record.
c. on background.
d. on deep background.
e. in secret.
Q:
Since the early months of 2011, Syrian ruler Bashar al-Assad has sought to suppress domestic dissent through the extensive use of deadly force. If President Obama sought to involve the United States in the crisis, what formal and informal powers could he use to enlist congressional and public support?
Q:
How has the Equal Rights Amendment affected women's civil rights?
a. It has ensured that men and women are treated equally in the workplace.
b. It has ensured that the courts evaluate gender discrimination using the strict scrutiny test.
c. It has eliminated gender discrimination in the military.
d. It solidified the civil rights women had earlier won through legal victories.
e. It has had little effect because it was not formally adopted.
Q:
In the United States, the mechanism for deciding the president is the __________.
Q:
The 1996 Telecommunications Act resulted in expanded media services. What helped expand media services in the nineteenth century?
a. cheap paper
b. color printing
c. muckraking
d. talk radio
e. yellow journalism
Q:
Describe the major ways in which the presidency has changed since the beginning of the twentieth century. Be sure to include a description of the changes and the reasons why these changes occurred. Include a conclusion to summarize your key points.
Q:
In the first major civil rights case addressed by the U.S. Supreme Court, Dred Scott v. Sandford, which of the following best describes the issues at stake?
a. the constitutionality of the Missouri Compromise and whether slaves were U.S. citizens
b. whether Missouri could remain part of the union and whether women could bring suits in federal court
c. the constitutionality of the Emancipation Proclamation and whether slaves were U.S. citizens
d. whether women were U.S. citizens who should be allowed to vote and whether slavery in Missouri was legal
e. the constitutionality of the Missouri Compromise and whether Missouri could remain a part of the union
Q:
Define unfunded mandates. Why are unfunded mandates problematic?
Q:
The tendency of people already holding office to be reelected in known as the __________ advantage.
Q:
How does C-SPAN promote democratic exchange?
a. It provides Americans with a fast-paced, first-hand view of how government works.
b. C-SPAN's coverage makes members of Congress even more accountable to citizens.
c. Voters can call in and voice their opinions directly on the House floor.
d. Prior to C-SPAN, all congressional votes were secret.
e. C-SPAN fact-checks the other television news networks as a public service.
Q:
Compare the White House staff and the Cabinet.
Q:
If you were a poor, illiterate, white farmer, which of the following would help ensure your ability to vote in the South after the Civil War?
a. poll taxes
b. literacy tests
c. boycotts
d. protests
e. grandfather clauses
Q:
The __________ scandal in the 1970s prompted Congress to enact serious campaign finance regulation.
Q:
In your American government class, you learn that most Americans' level of knowledge about history and politics is quite low and is declining every year. You also learn that political knowledge and political participation have a reciprocal effect on one another. Which of the following statements aligns with the statements presented in this scenario?
a. In the future, the degree of political participation in America is likely to go up.
b. In the future, the degree of political participation in America is likely to go down.
c. On many traditional measures, Americans' knowledge of foreign policy issues is likely to increase in the future.
d. On many traditional measures, Americans' knowledge of domestic policy issues is likely to increase in the future.
e. The gender gap in political participation appears to be unaffected by falling levels of political knowledge at present.
Q:
What makes a great/successful president?
Q:
If you thought you were getting an inferior public education because of your ethnicity, which part of the Constitution would you rely on most heavily to justify your case?
a. the First Amendment
b. the Thirteenth Amendment
c. the Fourteenth Amendment
d. the Nineteenth Amendment
e. the Equal Rights Amendment
Q:
Before there can be a campaign, there must be a(n) __________.
Q:
Leslie is a white, middle-class mother of two, who works as a librarian in the public library system of a large city in the American West. She is 57 years old. Given her demographic profile and the information presented in Table 10.1 on differences in the political opinions of women and men, which of the following statements about her political opinions would pollsters expect to be true?
a. Leslie believes that labor unions are not necessary to protect the rights of working men and women.
b. Leslie believes that American military interventions are usually a bad idea.
c. Leslie believes that school boards have a right to fire teachers who are homosexual.
d. Leslie believes that women's opportunities for good jobs are equal to those of men.
e. Leslie believes that we should loosen restrictions on people coming to the United States.
Q:
What situation was the Twenty-Fifth Amendment enacted to address? Discuss whether or not you think there are any concerns with this amendment.
Q:
Which of the following situations would most likely be a violation of Title IX?
a. an election jurisdiction that does not provide bilingual ballots when there is a large bilingual community
b. a legal prohibition on hiring women for positions that are known to be hazardous to women's reproductive health
c. a college that spends significantly more on sports programs for men than for women
d. job applications that are not made accessible to the blind
e. an employer who systematically pays women less than men for doing comparable work
Q:
How do block grants differ from categorical grants?
Q:
The United States has __________ times as many elections as other western democracies.
Q:
You are in a political science class. There is an argument about how to define the target population for a survey to determine if families with children would use school vouchers to send their children to charter schools. From which of the following populations should you select a sample?
a. women with children
b. married or divorced women with school-age children
c. mothers with children under age 18
d. parents
e. parents of children under age 18
Q:
How has the role of the vice presidency changed over time?
Q:
Which of the following laws would be the most likely to draw strict scrutiny from the Supreme Court when determining its constitutionality?
a. Male and female student athletes cannot compete on the same basketball team at the university level.
b. Businesses cannot discriminate against gays and lesbians in hiring and promotion decisions.
c. Those without a college degree are not eligible for upper-level civil service jobs.
d. African Americans and whites must be given equal access to the public school system, including extracurricular activities.
e. Government contracts must be awarded to a contractor who is a racial minority whenever at least 10 percent of the bidders are minority-owned businesses.
Q:
A polling firm has been commissioned by the New York Times to assess public opinion about the performance of FEMA (the Federal Emergency Management Agency)during the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy. What should the firm do first?
a. determine the population
b. determine the content and phrasing of the questions they want answered
c. determine the method of poll selection
d. contact respondents
e. select the sample
Q:
What is the president's power to convene Congress? Why would this be more significant in the early years of the presidency?
Q:
Which of the following affirmative action programs would be a clear violation of the Supreme Court's decision in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)?
a. considering race as a factor in university admissions decisions
b. considering how an applicant would contribute to the diversity of the university
c. considering applicants' academic and extracurricular achievements
d. admitting some minority applicants with lower academic achievement than some rejected white applicants
e. setting aside a certain percentage of admissions slots for African American students
Q:
If a small newspaper writes an incendiary expos about a candidate, the person on staff who most needs to be made aware of it is the communications director.
Q:
The Gallop organization predicts that Andrew Cuomo, the governor of New York, wins the 2016 presidential election with 61 percent of the popular vote. If Cuomo actually wins by capturing 49 percent of the popular vote, to which factor, more than the others, would you attribute the discrepancy, given what you know about how successful Gallup has been in making presidential predictions?
a. the presence of a prominent female candidate
b. the presence of a prominent third-party candidate
c. the age of a major-party candidate
d. the religion of a major-party candidate
e. the absence of grassroots action
Q:
When President Obama succeeded in getting Congress to pass the Affordable Care Act (signed into law on March 23, 2010, with the goal of improving the health care system of the U.S. and of protecting those with health insurance), what presidential roles did he fulfill?
Q:
Which of the following strategies for expanding civil rights would the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. have been most likely to support?
a. sabotaging the electricity supply to the homes of segregationist leaders
b. intimidating elderly whites to discourage them from supporting Jim Crow laws
c. boycotting stores that enforced segregationist policies
d. boycotting elections to underscore the problem of African American disenfranchisement
e. vandalizing government buildings that housed segregationist politicians
Q:
Explain the significance of Gibbons v.Ogden.
Q:
If you were to run for president on the Republican ticket and followed the general trend, you would likely accentuate your most conservative ideas in the primary and then appear more moderate during the general election.
Q:
In 1948, the Chicago Tribune wrongly predicted that Republican Thomas E. Dewey would beat incumbent President Harry S. Truman. Knowing what you know about the accuracy of various polls, what kind of poll would most likely have led the Chicago Tribune to make this erroneous prediction?
a. an exit poll
b. a push poll
c. a random-digit dialing poll
d. a straw poll
e. a tracking poll
Q:
Describe the role of the president as commander in chief. Include what limitations the president has in this role.