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Q:
Of the following people, who could serve in the military under the "Don"t Ask, Don"t Tell" policy?
a. all gays and lesbians
b. gays but not lesbians
c. lesbians but not gays
d. only those who were straight
e. closeted gays and lesbians
Q:
One explanation for low voter turnout is that the burden of voter registration falls on the state and not the individual citizen.
Q:
Which branch of the U.S. government interacts very little with the media?
a. executive
b. judicial
c. legislative
d. the Pentagon
e. the bureaucracy
Q:
What factors contribute to president's public approval? Historically, what is the trend? What can impact approval ratings?
Q:
For which of the following would the Supreme Court most likely apply an intermediate standard of review to determine whether the policy is an unconstitutional violation of the equal protection clause?
a. preventing whites from attending schools designed to serve African American students
b. prohibiting those over seventy years old from working in law enforcement
c. prohibiting gays and lesbians from serving in the military
d. requiring government contractors to have a racially diverse workforce
e. having different minimum ages for men and women to marry
Q:
The press has the greatest impact on public opinion regarding __________.
a. national disasters
b. events in foreign countries
c. elections and campaigns
d. crime and punitive law
e. local corruption
Q:
Which president began the modern presidency where the trend of presidential decision making assumed greater importance than congressional? Explain how.
Q:
According to the Supreme Court's decisions in the Civil Rights Cases (1883), in which of the following areas could Congress prohibit discrimination against African Americans?
a. theaters
b. hotels
c. railroads
d. private homes
e. driver's licenses
Q:
Candidates rarely make appearances on comedy shows such as Saturday Night Live and The Daily Show because the public does not take these outlets seriously.
Q:
The post of press secretary to the president has existed since the administration of __________, the power of which has __________over time.
a. Franklin D. Roosevelt; grown tremendously
b. Woodrow Wilson; grown tremendously
c. Herbert Hoover; diminished
d. Ronald Reagan; diminished
e. Herbert Hoover; grown tremendously
Q:
Describe the informal powers of the president.
Q:
Which of the following accommodations would an employer most likely have to make to be in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act?
a. hiring a disabled person instead of an equally qualified person without a disability
b. providing better medical insurance for employees who have a disability
c. lowering expectations for the quality of work performed by employees with disabilities
d. ensuring that employees who use a wheelchair have jobs that shield them from public contact
e. installing a ramp and other physical accommodations for someone who uses a wheelchair
Q:
Explain the difference between the powers that the U.S. Constitution provides to the national and state governments. Be sure to give specific examples.
Q:
Candidates can give as much money toward their own campaigns as they wish.
Q:
In terms of speaking to the press on behalf of Congress, __________ command center stage when subjects in their domain are newsworthy, occasionally achieving fame.
a. interns
b. key committee chairs
c. local senators and representatives
d. whips
e. press secretaries
Q:
What is the role of executive agreements in foreign policy? When are they used?
Q:
If a group of people had been systematically discriminated against in the past, a government might adopt which of the following policies to help members of this group overcome the legacy of this discrimination?
a. a hiring policy that favors those with relatives working in government
b. a college admissions policy that gives preferential treatment to members of the group
c. a color-blind job application process to give members of this group an equal chance
d. a policy that gives extra weight to votes cast by members of the group
e. requiring all applicants for government jobs to have at least two years of prior experience
Q:
Recent decisions of the Supreme Court have taken a __________ view of the scope of congressional power to regulate interstate commerce.
Q:
A winner-take-all primary is the most representative way of allocating delegates in the nomination process.
Q:
A public official has the most control over the spin of his or her message __________.
a. during a press briefing
b. during a press conference
c. in an interview
d. in a general template
e. in a press release
Q:
Distinguish between the president's role as chief executive and the president's role as chief legislator.
Q:
What was the main purpose for the March on Washington?
a. to urge Congress to adopt an antidiscrimination legislative agenda
b. to urge the Supreme Court to overturn the separate-but-equal doctrine
c. to urge John F. Kennedy to repudiate the actions of the freedom riders
d. to urge African Americans to reelect John F. Kennedy
e. to urge Congress to eliminate de facto segregation
Q:
The case of __________ laid the groundwork for a central bank and a unified economy in the United States.
Q:
Congressional incumbents tend to have a low chance of reelection.
Q:
If the president wants a live press engagement, but doesn"t want to appear him or herself, the best option would be a __________.
a. policy briefing
b. policy conference
c. press conference
d. press briefing
e. press release
Q:
What is a veto? Can a veto be overridden?
Q:
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was designed to overturn which of the following?
a. integration
b. Jim Crow laws
c. nonviolent direct action
d. the Fifteenth Amendment
e. Reconstruction
Q:
Adherents to the theory of __________ federalism generally believe that the federal government should not overstep its enumerated powers.
Q:
How is strategic trade policy different from a free trade system? What are the advantages of each? Give an example of U.S. participation in strategic trade policy and an example of U.S. participation in a free trade system. In your opinion, should U.S. foreign policy focus more on strategic trade policy or on promoting a free trade system? Why?
Q:
"Spin" is when a campaign staff puts forward the most favorable possible interpretation for their candidate on any circumstance occurring in the campaign.
Q:
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 sought to __________.
a. balance corporate and consumer interests
b. limit opportunities for media consolidation
c. assure candidates of equal time on broadcast networks
d. bring all media to the same legal standards
e. restructure the Federal Communications Commission
Q:
Explain how presidents can check judicial power.
Q:
A law that classified people according to __________ would be given strict scrutiny by the Supreme Court to determine its constitutionality.
a. race
b. age
c. disability
d. gender
e. sexual orientation
Q:
The __________ Clause guarantees that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of other states.
Q:
What are the president's foreign policy powers? What are Congress's foreign policy powers? Who has more foreign policy powers and why? Is the existing balance of power between Congress and the president appropriate, or would the United States be better off if one branch's powers were to increase and the other branch's powers decrease? Provide a justification for your answer.
Q:
During the same time period that legislators attempted to reform campaign finance, the number of PACs grew at a rapid rate.
Q:
Internet service providers __________.
a. may limit users' access to illegal content
b. have championed "net neutrality" with Google.
c. may not slow transmission to users who use peer-to-peer programs
d. may not infringe upon subscribers' rights to access legal content
e. have interfered with congressional efforts to end online piracy
Q:
According to the Constitution, __________ should be reserved for serious criminal offenses, not political conflicts.
Q:
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is most likely to fight to reduce which of the following?
a. racism
b. affirmative action
c. sexism
d. sodomy
e. job training programs
Q:
The power to regulate commerce within a state belongs to the __________ government(s).
Q:
How were the Cold War conflicts fundamentally different from more recent conflicts involving terrorism? What were the principal conflicts and where did they take place? Who were the principal combatants? How were these conflicts resolved?
Q:
Most national campaigns prefer not to use social media to interact with prospective voters.
Q:
According to the box, "Who Owns the News Media," over the last thirty years, media ownership __________.
a. has broken up across dozens of corporations
b. has been split between Viacom and Disney
c. has been split between Comcast and Time Warner
d. has consolidated
e. has come under the control of News Corp.
Q:
According to the Twenty-Fifth Amendment, if a vacancy occurs in the office of the vice president, the __________ appoints a new vice president.
Q:
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the "Don"t Ask, Don"t Tell" policy?
a. Barack Obama initiated the policy as a goodwill gesture to the gay and lesbian community.
b. It prevented gays and lesbians from serving in the military.
c. It required gay and lesbian soldiers to keep quiet about their sexual orientation.
d. It prevented the military from discharging gay and lesbian soldiers.
e. It prohibited gay and heterosexual soldiers from discussing their sexual activity.
Q:
In the United States, the __________ defines duties, obligations, and powers of both the national and state governments.
Q:
How is the European Union similar to and different from the North American Free Trade Agreement?
Q:
The Twelfth Amendment lowered the voting age to eighteen.
Q:
Nightly panels of experts and pundits on television network news __________.
a. do not have much effect on viewers' opinions
b. have as much impact on public opinion as reports from the field
c. have led to public taste for credible expert analysis
d. are blamed for the partisanship in the media
e. have helped eliminate bias in news reporting
Q:
The president would seek the advice of the __________ regarding how much the administration should propose to spend for each government program.
Q:
What was the Supreme Court's rationale in the Civil Rights Cases (1883) for why Congress could not prohibit discrimination in public accommodations?
a. Congress cannot regulate public accommodations because they involve interstate commerce.
b. Congress cannot regulate public accommodations because they tend to be owned by private individuals.
c. Congress cannot regulate public accommodations because it lacks the authority to spend money without the permission of the states.
d. Congress cannot prohibit discrimination because doing so violates the First Amendment right to freedom of speech.
e. Congress cannot prohibit discrimination because there was insufficient evidence that discrimination exists.
Q:
Most of the Framers believed in the necessity of a federal government, but they also agreed that it should have __________ powers.
Q:
How have changes to the world economy affected the United States' approach to foreign policy with China?
Q:
The biggest reason cited by Americans for not voting is forgetfulness.
Q:
What was one result of nineteenth century muckraking?
a. the purchase of favorable coverage by corporations
b. popular demand for anti-trust regulations
c. precedent for press glorification of the president
d. ratification of the first ten Amendments
e. the creation and rise of yellow journalism
Q:
The __________ is one of the president's most powerful weapons in dealing with Congress and is way for the president to influence law-making.
Q:
What were the Black Codes passed by many of the former Confederate states designed to do?
a. segregate blacks and whites
b. deny legal rights, such as voting and sitting on juries, to newly freed slaves
c. keep newly freed slaves from being hired for work, so they would have to remain slaves
d. deny newly freed slaves the right to attend church
e. separate slave families from each other, making it easier to keep blacks in servitude
Q:
The privileges and immunities clause guarantees that each citizen of a state is guaranteed the same __________ as citizens of other states.
Q:
Compare and contrast the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. How successful was the United States in these conflicts?
Q:
The nomination campaign may begin years before the actual election.
Q:
Gaps in the way that citizens view government, political leaders, and public policies may be the result of gender, race, age, party, and religion, which are collectively known as what?
a. demographic stratigraphy
b. demographic characteristics
c. political ideologies
d. agents of political socialization
e. social identity quotients
Q:
Presidents tend to have __________ approval ratings at the beginning of their term.
Q:
The Supreme Court's decision in Lawrence v. Texas (2003) primarily enhanced the civil liberties of __________.
a. African Americans
b. Asians
c. American Indians
d. gays and lesbians
e. disabled Americans
Q:
__________ occurs when a national law or regulation takes precedence over a conflicting state or local law or regulation.
Q:
How was the Cold War fundamentally different from the war in Afghanistan?
Q:
Which of the following is a criticism of early voting?
a. It allows for more special interest influence.
b. It decreases the importance of campaigns.
c. It increases the potential for voter fraud.
d. It leads to front-loading.
e. It requires more volunteers to staff polling places.
Q:
How do political scientists define political socialization?
a. as the process through which individuals self-select themselves to participate in public opinion polls
b. as the process through which individuals acquire status as opinion leaders
c. as the process through which individuals seek out new polling technologies
d. as the process through which individuals seek out the beliefs and values of their peer groups
e. as the process through which individuals acquire their political beliefs and values
Q:
In the role of __________, presidents have argued that they have inherent power to respond to emergencies and protect the safety of Americans and the security of the United States.
Q:
What was the basis for the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that upheld the constitutionality of a state law requiring segregated railroad facilities?
a. Former slaves are not entitled to full citizenship rights because they did not immigrate to the United States willingly.
b. Former slaves are not entitled to full citizenship rights because they were considered property under the law.
c. The Constitution does not prohibit segregation; it only mandates equal protection under the law.
d. Railroad transportation involves interstate commerce, which is regulated by Congress; there is no provision in federal law that prohibits segregation.
e. Each state has the right to interpret the Constitution as it sees fit, as long as the interpretation is "reasonable and without malice."
Q:
__________ federalism is defined as a flexible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs.
Q:
To what extent has recent U.S. foreign policy been isolationist? Illustrate your answer with two recent foreign policy examples.
Q:
According to the "How Has Campaign Financing Changed Over Time" feature, the largest increase in 527 political committees occurred in which year?
a. 2002
b. 2004
c. 2006
d. 2008
e. 2010
Q:
How are exit polls conducted?
a. over the telephone
b. on the Internet
c. through the mail
d. via e-mail
e. in person
Q:
Appearances by Bill Clinton on Larry King Live or by Barack Obama on The Late Show with David Letterman are examples of a president __________.
Q:
What strategy did the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) use most effectively to advance civil rights for African Americans?
a. boycotts
b. protests
c. litigation
d. nonviolent direct action
e. marches and rallies
Q:
__________ powers are the functions and actions that Congress could perform in order to exercise its enumerated powers.
Q:
What is the National Security Council? When is the president most likely to convene a meeting of the National Security Council?
Q:
Why are some people concerned about electronic voting?
a. Electronic voting could increase election costs to the states.
b. Electronic voting could increase election fraud.
c. Electronic voting could increase the amount of uniformed voters.
d. Electronic voting could increase the influence of special interests in elections.
e. Electronic voting could increase the probability that the working poor will vote.
Q:
Why do reputable polling firms eschew push poll tactics?
a. The intent of push polls is to give respondents some positive information about the candidate paying for the poll.
b. The intent of push polls is to give respondents some negative or even untruthful information about a candidate's opponent.
c. The intent of push polls is to word questions about highly emotional issues, such as abortion, same-sex marriage, and affirmative action, neutrally.
d. The intent of push polls is to yield information that helps campaigns judge the strengths and weaknesses of their opponents.
e. The intent of push polls is to weigh survey results based on demographic characteristics of the national population.
Q:
The __________ is an advisory group chosen by presidents to help them make decisions and execute laws.