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Q:
What did the Supreme Court decide in Korematsu v. United States (1944) regarding the internment of those with Japanese ancestry living in the United States?
a. It was permissible because the United States was at war with Japan.
b. It was permissible because it only applied to noncitizens.
c. It did not pass the strict scrutiny test, and the internment was promptly terminated.
d. It was unconstitutional, but it was too late to do anything about it.
e. It was unconstitutional, and Japanese-Americans must be duly compensated.
Q:
The __________ specifies that any power not specifically delegated to the national government is reserved to the states or the people.
Q:
What are three ways in which Congress can exercise influence over the president's foreign policy?
Q:
How can redistricting threaten incumbent members of Congress?
a. It can alter district-based funds from special interest groups.
b. It can force members of Congress to relocate their families.
c. It can shift incumbents into a caucus district.
d. It can pit incumbents against one another.
e. It increases the probability of a strong minority challenger.
Q:
What is the purpose of a "name recognition survey"?
a. to discover how a better-known candidate contemplating a run for office might fare against an incumbent
b. to discover how a local officeholder has affected the legislative climate
c. to discover how many people have heard of a potential candidate for office
d. to gauge how negatively the public views a potential third-party candidate
e. to gauge how negatively the public views a potential candidate
Q:
The __________ is the president's most loyal assistant who, at times, protects the president from mistakes.
Q:
To what extent were the civil rights of African Americans protected after the Civil War?
a. Their civil rights increased in the immediate aftermath of the Civil War and have continued to increase steadily ever since.
b. There were no attempts to protect the civil rights of African Americans until Reconstruction ended.
c. The civil rights of southern African Americans were considerably greater than their northern counterparts.
d. It was two decades after the Civil War before African Americans had civil rights that were comparable to those of whites.
e. Attempts to protect the civil rights of African Americans after the Civil War were largely unsuccessful for decades.
Q:
In the American federal system, there are __________ levels of government that share power.
Q:
Outline a possible diplomatic solution to a foreign policy crisis involving North Korea's nuclear program. How difficult would it be for the United States and North Korea to reach such a solution?
Q:
If proportional representation primaries are fairer to the public, why might some state parties choose not to adopt them?
a. They are difficult to schedule.
b. They create intra-party competition between candidates.
c. They can lengthen the nomination process.
d. They may require more special interest support to finance.
e. They reward moderate candidates.
Q:
In the context of public opinion polls, what is self-selection?
a. a reference to the timing of public opinion polls that may skew survey results
b. a reference to underrepresented groups in public opinion polls that may bias survey results
c. a reference to long-term studies of the electorate invalidated by short-term biases
d. a reference to short-term studies of the electorate invalidated by long-term biases
e. a reference to highly motivated respondents who decide for themselves whether or not to participate in surveys
Q:
A __________ is a binding and public agreement between the United States and one or more nations, requiring mutual action toward a common goal.
Q:
What provision of the Fourteenth Amendment serves as a cornerstone of our understanding of civil rights?
a. the all men are created equal clause
b. the equal protection clause
c. the privileges and immunities clause
d. the Equal Rights Amendment
e. the grandfather clause
Q:
The __________ is used to resolve conflicts between the federal and state governments.
Q:
How well are the president's foreign policy powers described in the Constitution? What specific foreign policy powers are enumerated in the Constitution?
Q:
What strategy was MOST likely behind Senators John McCain and Russell Feingold working together to pass the 2002 campaign finance reform bill?
a. Having senators from different regions of the country would show the widespread need for electoral reform.
b. McCain was not an influential senator at the time, so Feingold bolstered McCain's cause.
c. Having two senators work across the aisle limited accusations of partisanship.
d. McCain was planning on running for president, and Feingold would help his chances of getting elected.
e. Feingold needed to improve his media image, so he worked very publicly with a prominent senator from his own party.
Q:
George Gallup undoubtedly had a vested interest in fostering reliance on public opinion polls. Why?
a. He was a politician.
b. He was a pollster.
c. He was a pluralist.
d. He held majority opinions.
e. He held minority opinions.
Q:
As a result of the __________ scandal, Richard Nixon resigned to avoid impeachment and a Senate trial.
Q:
The Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. insisted that civil disobedience aimed at ending discrimination in the South should be conducted __________.
a. in accordance with the law
b. nonviolently
c. secretly
d. anonymously
e. with all deliberative speed
Q:
When the federal government creates programs without providing sufficient funds, these are called unfunded mandates.
Q:
What was the policy of containment? How did it influence U.S. foreign policy in Cuba and Vietnam?
Q:
The role of campaign consultants has become so important in today's campaigns because __________.
a. candidates are increasingly insecure about their electability
b. candidates need specialists to help them make the most of fund-raising, media relations, and Internet outreach
c. campaign managers are usually too busy to perform all the chores required in today's complex campaigns
d. volunteers do not have the necessary experience to handle media relations
e. finance chairs need to spend all their time on money issues
Q:
Why is Walter Lippmann credited with spurring the growth of public opinion polling?
a. Lippmann tried to predict the winner of the presidential contest between Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams.
b. Lippmann was a pioneer in the use of the straw poll.
c. Lippmann's polling methods were hailed widely as "amazingly right" and "uncannily accurate."
d. Lippmann discovered three fatal errors in the Literary Digest poll that wrongly predicted that Republican Alfred M. Landon would beat incumbent President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
e. Lippmann wrote a book in which he observed that research on public opinion was far too limited, especially in light of its importance
Q:
The idea that the president may be advised by executive branch officials in confidence without the advice becoming public is called __________.
Q:
What did the Supreme Court determine was unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education?
a. integrated schools
b. poll taxes
c. segregation of schools
d. unequal school funding
e. school busing
Q:
Since 1990, the Supreme Court has consistently expanded the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce.
Q:
What roles do the Department of Defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff play in advising the president on military policy? Describe how these advisors provide the president with different perspectives.
Q:
Why did the original Electoral College hold separate elections for president and vice-president?
a. The Framers anticipated that partisanship would have little influence.
b. The Framers did not expect the country to become so large and diverse.
c. The Framers never expected the role of the media in elections.
d. The Framers were worried about the influences of factions and demagogues.
e. The Framers were trying to minimize the influence of the wealthy.
Q:
Media effects is the term used for changes in__________ due to the influence of news sources.
a. public opinion
b. budgets
c. agenda setting
d. framing
e. decisions about newsworthiness
Q:
President Gerald R. Ford was able to pardon President Richard M. Nixon to release him from impeachment.
Q:
What is the current legal status of American Indian tribes?
a. They are sovereign nations.
b. They have a status similar to states.
c. They have a status similar to counties.
d. They have a status similar to towns or townships.
e. They have a status similar to incorporated businesses.
Q:
The federal system established in the United States was a direct response to the ineffective national government under the Articles of Confederation.
Q:
What economic challenges has the United States faced in the early twenty-first century? How has the rise of China and India as economic powers with global influence affected the U.S. economic situation? Explain the U.S. relationship with each country.
Q:
Why is a candidate's moving to the left or the right during the nomination phase both an advantage and a disadvantage?
a. It gives a candidate a more defined ideological position, but most voters pay little attention to ideology.
b. While moving to one end of the spectrum might motivate a party base during nomination, it might actually alienate more moderate or on-the-fence voters of the general election.
c. Such a move decreases divisions within one political party, but it provides banter for the media.
d. Extreme views usually give candidates the edge, but they are forced to hold true to that message throughout the campaign.
e. The general public, who usually view these moves as appealing during nomination, change their minds when these candidates go to the debates after nomination processes.
Q:
Which is a media effect?
a. agenda setting
b. campaign finance reform
c. governing templates
d. press background
e. selective perception
Q:
Joan O"Leary wants to run for president. She is a natural-born citizen of the United States. She is 45 years old. She has been a resident of the United States for 10 years. Therefore, she meets the requirements to become president.
Q:
According to the "Take a Closer Look" feature box, which of the following books helped inspire abolitionists?
a. Grapes of Wrath
b. Uncle Tom's Cabin
c. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee
d. Wick Wo Hopkins
e. Enough Is Enough
Q:
The Sherman Anti-Trust Act deemphasized Congress's role in the federal government.
Q:
How is terrorism fundamentally different from traditional military action?
Q:
According to your text, what is the general purpose of elections?
a. to advance special interest agendas
b. to check the influence of the federal and state judiciaries on the policy process
c. to confer legitimacy on government
d. to ensure social accountability on the part of government
e. to ensure that everyone is treated equally by the law
Q:
The president addresses the nation directly during a __________.
a. penny press
b. press background
c. press briefing
d. press conference
e. press release
Q:
The Framers included a two-term limit to the presidency in the Constitution.
Q:
Rosa Parks was arrested for challenging which of the following?
a. poll taxes
b. grandfather clauses
c. Jim Crow laws
d. slavery
e. integration
Q:
The Constitution gives states the power to issue state coinage in addition to the coinage issued by the federal government.
Q:
If the president wishes to address a foreign policy crisis without using the military, the president may instead opt for the use of __________ as orchestrated by the Department of State.
Q:
Why might being a member of a civic group make you more likely to vote?
a. Civic groups have mandatory citizenship participation as a condition of membership.
b. Civic groups provide opportunities to learn important political skills.
c. Civic groups are directly associated with political party mobilization.
d. Civic groups publish informative political newsletters.
e. Civic groups require proof of voter registration as a condition of membership.
Q:
In the White House Press Room, which group would you find closest to the podium?
a. wire services
b. radio reporters
c. foreign press
d. bloggers
e. newspaper reporters
Q:
Presidents must be able to persuade executive branch officials and personnel.
Q:
In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978), the Supreme Court determined that __________ were unconstitutional.
a. poll taxes
b. grandfather clauses
c. all forms of affirmative action
d. Jim Crow laws
e. racial quotas
Q:
Any power not specifically delegated to the states by the Constitution is reserved to the national government.
Q:
The Senate can influence foreign policy by approving (or refusing to approve) __________ negotiated by the president.
Q:
Which of the following is the least likely reform to occur with respect to the Electoral College?
a. direct election of the Electoral College electors by voters
b. increasing the number of electoral votes needed to win
c. letting the Senate break ties in the national popular vote
d. moving to the congressional district plan
e. determining the president through popular vote
Q:
What is the term for change in public opinions and voting preferences caused by media coverage?
a. agenda setting
b. media effects
c. media aspiration
d. political bias
e. framing
Q:
The Constitution lays out the plan for presidential power in great detail.
Q:
What were Black Codes?
a. segregation laws that discriminated in housing
b. laws that denied rights to African Americans
c. laws requiring a poll tax or literacy test to vote
d. proposed racial quota affirmative action programs
e. unwritten norms of discrimination in the South
Q:
Proponents of states' rights believe that the Constitution strictly limited the national government and established broad autonomy for the states.
Q:
The policy of containment is evident in the U.S. involvement in the __________, which involved confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over the deployment of nuclear missiles in North America.
Q:
A campaign manager who was attempting to make clear that his candidate was suitable for the presidency would most likely __________.
a. prepare his candidate very well for televised debates
b. launch a series of negative ads about the candidate's opponent
c. prevent his candidate from going on comedy shows
d. prepare an inoculation ad to stress the candidate's integrity and positions on issues
e. attack his candidate's opponent in press releases
Q:
Information provided to a journalist that will not be attributed to any source is __________.
a. agenda setting
b. deep background
c. narrowcasting
d. off the record
e. yellow journalism
Q:
Most presidential vetoes are overridden.
Q:
Women were guaranteed the right to vote by __________.
a. Korematsu v. United States
b. Reed v. Reed
c. the Nineteenth Amendment
d. the 1964 Civil Rights Act
e. the 1965 Voting Rights Act
Q:
Federalism encourages the states to create local solutions to national problems.
Q:
The United States entered the war in Afghanistan in order to topple the __________ government.
Q:
How would you go about strengthening political parties in the United States?
a. Allow a multi-party system.
b. Allow public financing of elections.
c. Hold more elections.
d. Let voters elect the party leadership.
e. Switch to caucus systems in all the states for nomination contests.
Q:
Which is an exception to the equal time rule?
a. News stations may deny candidates equal time to speak during debates.
b. News stations may exclude third party candidates from debates.
c. News stations may refuse to sell advertisement time to bigoted candidates.
d. News stations may report news stories about candidates unequally.
e. News stations may sell advertisement time to the highest bidder.
Q:
A president can influence policy by issuing a signing statement to comment on a signed bill, claiming that part of the bill is unconstitutional.
Q:
What precipitated the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
a. the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have A Dream" speech
b. the Greensboro, N.C., lunch counter sit-in
c. the arrest of Rosa Parks in Montgomery, Ala.
d. the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson
e. the assassination of the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.
Q:
Judicial federalism requires that when governmental powers conflict, it is the Court's job to determine which government is supreme.
Q:
Given the size of its economy and increased globalization, U.S. foreign policy toward __________ is motivated primarily by trade policy.
Q:
Which is true of citizens who are highly interested in politics?
a. They are usually in their early twenties.
b. They are less likely to join a civic organization.
c. They tend to be secular rather than religious.
d. They constitute a small percentage of the population.
e. They rarely vote.
Q:
Today, most news is written by __________.
a. embedded journalists
b. political reporters
c. citizen journalists
d. residential reporters
e. news anchors
Q:
Congress has the sole authority to declare war.
Q:
Which of the following led President Abraham Lincoln to describe the author as "the little woman who started the big war" because of the effect the book had on changing public opinion?
a. Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique
b. Elizabeth Cady Stanton's The Seneca Falls Convention
c. Lucretia Mott's The World Anti-Slavery Society
d. Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin
e. Susan B. Anthony's The Story of American Women's Suffrage
Q:
The devolution revolution was particularly strong during the 1990s.
Q:
The belief that free trade is especially important in a global economy was the impetus for the __________ among the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
Q:
Which presents the greatest threat to incumbents of the president's party?
a. a caucus election
b. a general election
c. a midterm election
d. a primary election
e. a runoff election
Q:
The media is also known as the __________.
a. fourth estate
b. fourth branch
c. paper empire
d. third party
e. civic watcher
Q:
Refer to Figure 7.1. Historically, presidents begin their terms of office with higher approval ratings and tend to lose popularity over time.
Q:
What did Jim Crow laws mandate?
a. voting rights
b. racial segregation
c. poll taxes
d. grandfather clauses
e. Black Codes
Q:
Dual federalism is an interpretation of federalism in which the states and the national government separate jurisdictions and responsibilities.