Q&A Hero

Q: During World War II, the closest ally of the United States was _______. A) the Soviet Union B) Canada C) France D) Great Britain E) China

Q: What was the greatest single advantage that the United States and its allies had during World War II? A) The Allies began military confrontations with the Axis powers immediately, before they could gain much ground in Europe or Asia. B) The Allies were genuinely willing to work together to defeat their enemies, whereas the Axis powers fought separate wars. C) The Germans and the Japanese made slow progress in conquering more lands in Europe and the Pacific. D) All of the Axis powers suffered from ineffective leadership and poor strategizing, which was a stark contrast to the Allies. E) The Allies had such an overwhelming number of ground troops that Axis resistance was highly ineffective.

Q: What event brought the United States into World War II? A) the Italian attack on Austria B) the German occupation of France C) the first mass executions of Jews D) the Japanese invasion of China E) the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

Q: When the United States and the Dutch East Indies banned trade with Japan, the Japanese lost their source of _______, which eventually led them to attack the United States. A) oil B) flour C) steel D) rubber E) ammunition

Q: In October 1941, German U-boats sank the _______. A) Liberty B) Mayaguez C) Reuben James D) Lusitania E) Jefferson

Q: Roosevelt's Lend-Lease policy _______. A) ensured British access to American war supplies B) placed restrictions on materials that were shipped to Britain C) encountered no opposition from the Senate D) was strongly supported by American isolationists E) was approved by Congress but never implemented

Q: Hitler started World War II by invading ________ on September 1, 1939. A) Austria B) Poland C) France D) Czechoslovakia E) Switzerland

Q: British and French leaders met with Hitler in Munich in 1938 to discuss his demand for _______. A) the Rhineland B) Austria C) the Polish Corridor D) the Sudetenland E) Alsace and Lorraine

Q: What did the first neutrality act, passed in 1935, prohibit? A) adding new troops to the U.S. armed forces B) sending troops to aid allies at war C) traveling outside of U.S. borders D) selling arms to nations at war E) covering foreign wars in the news

Q: What did the Nye Committee investigate? A) war crimes committed during World War I B) possible German spies in the United States C) American munitions dealers D) liberal antiwar activists E) American communists

Q: In the 1930s, support for pacifism was particularly strong among _______. A) college students B) high-ranking businessmen C) labor unions D) the elderly E) the lower classes

Q: The weakness of the League of Nations was revealed when it did nothing after Italy invaded _______. A) Ethiopia B) Libya C) Egypt D) Spain E) Greece

Q: The nations that comprised the Axis Powers in World War II were _______. A) Germany, France, and Spain B) Germany, China, and the Soviet Union C) Germany, Italy, and Japan D) Britain, France, and the United States E) the Soviet Union, China, and the United States

Q: How did U.S. exports in 1929 compare to exports in 1914? A) They were halved. B) They had tripled. C) They had remained stagnant. D) They had increased tenfold. E) They had increased marginally.

Q: Which of FDR's actions ended the immediate financial crisis of the 1930s? A) FDR established the Tennessee Valley Authority and created thousands of new jobs. B) FDR's Works Progress Administration spent nearly $5 billion on emergency relief. C) FDR worked with powerful European nations to advance American agricultural trade. D) Using a calm and fatherly tone, FDR soothed the public's fears during fireside chats. E) FDR gave government aid to the large banks, restoring confidence in the banking system.

Q: How did Roosevelt go about winning the Democratic nomination in 1932? A) He set the populists and urban reformers in opposition to each other. B) He called for an end to traditional beliefs and conservative policies. C) He backed the platform of the segregationists against the reformers. D) He appealed to both the traditionalists and the new urban elements within the party. E) He relied heavily on minority voters.

Q: What effect did the Great Depression have on immigration to the United States? A) The rate of immigration to the United States remained constant during the Great Depression. B) More immigrants came to the United States at this time due to the availability of low-skill, hard-labor jobs. C) Progressives urged that legislation be passed to restrict immigration and make it more difficult for immigrants to become citizens. D) Conservatives supported immigration reform since immigrants tended to take jobs that Americans were too proud to take. E) The Great Depression effectively reversed the flow of immigration across the Rio Grande, deporting hundreds of thousands of immigrants.

Q: How did the Great Depression affect Americans psychologically? A) The loss of savings and employment led most Americans to renounce capitalism and turn to socialism. B) Unemployment and poverty undermined people's sense of self-worth and caused many to despair. C) Most men either committed suicide or abandoned their families because they could not provide for them. D) Americans in the middle and upper classes had more emotional resources and fared better than poor people. E) Hunger and poverty made Americans unable to think properly and make good decisions, leading to divorce and crime.

Q: How did Americans respond to the bull market climate on the eve of the great crash in 1929? A) A general sense of caution about the ability of the market to continue to yield such fantastic dividends caused the market to falter. B) Average Americans tended not to invest in the market themselves, instead relying on professional stockbrokers to invest their savings. C) Many Americans looked to the government for guidance on how to invest in such a rapidly growing market. D) Wild optimism about the continued growth of the stock market led Americans to engage in speculative investing practices. E) Wary about the danger of "get rich quick" schemes, many Americans carefully guarded their life savings.

Q: How did the consumer-goods revolution contribute to the great crash of 1929? A) The production of durable goods, which did not need to be replaced, outpaced demand and led to wide-scale layoffs. B) Mass-produced consumer goods were of such poor quality that people eventually stopped purchasing them and the industry began to falter. C) The consumer goods revolution had contributed to a lack of confidence in the strength of the American economic system. D) The consumer goods revolution led to an increase in home construction that eventually crashed due to overproduction. E) The beneficiaries of the consumer goods revolution did not invest their money in the stock exchange.

Q: Why did farmers during the Great Depression resort to such extreme measures as dumping fresh milk into the streets? A) Like many other Americans during the Great Depression, dairy farmers fell victim to despair and lost their hope in the future. B) The shipping industry had been so devastated by the Great Depression that farmers had no way to get their produce to market. C) Farmers hoped to increase demand and drive up prices for their products by decreasing the available supply. D) Due to widespread poverty among the American population, hardly anyone could afford to buy milk. E) The government had instituted milk rationing which resulted in the overproduction of milk by dairy farmers.

Q: Roosevelt's "court packing" proposal was _______. A) a non-starter that never got off the ground B) curtailed due to opposition from Republicans C) effectively blocked by Democratic opposition D) implemented partially and resulted in three appointments E) successful at limiting the power of the Supreme Court

Q: Despite the New Deal, ________ remained the country's most impoverished citizens. A) African Americans B) Asian Americans C) Native Americans D) Mexican Americans E) "Okies" and "Arkies"

Q: Local authorities rounded up ________ to deport them and reduce the welfare rolls. A) African Americans B) Mexican immigrants C) Asian immigrants D) Native Americans E) European Americans

Q: The individual most responsible for promoting African-American rights during the New Deal was _______. A) Franklin D. Roosevelt B) John Collier C) Harry Hopkins D) Harold Ickes E) Huey Long

Q: The sitdown strike _______. A) was first used against General Motors in 1936 B) was used only by the United Auto Workers C) proved ineffective against major corporations D) was first used against the Ford Motor Company E) was a time-tested technique from strikes in the 1920s

Q: The industrial union movement of the 1930s _______. A) sought to organize skilled workers in particular trades B) had long been championed by the American Federation of Labor C) was led by William Green D) grew greatly in the 1930s E) had been thriving for years before the Great Depression

Q: The National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act _______. A) guaranteed that all workers would be paid a minimum wage B) granted workers the right to organize and collectively bargain C) gave management the right to forbid the "closed shop" D) gave the president the power to end strikes E) did not help workers who were not already unionized

Q: Which of the following was advocated by Father Charles Coughlin? A) the Social Security Act B) the National Union for Social Justice C) the Civilian Conservation Corps D) the Federal Theatre Project E) the "Share the Wealth" movement

Q: Francis Townsend advocated that the federal government pay $200 each month to _______. A) all Americans over the age of 60 B) dispossessed farmers C) veterans of World War I D) widows with two or more children E) unemployed urban workers

Q: By 1935, Roosevelt's severest critics were those _______. A) who were members of the Supreme Court B) accusing him of being a socialist C) demanding more radical reforms D) accusing him of ignoring foreign interests E) scolding him for not helping African Americans

Q: Young men were hired to clear land, plant trees, and build bridges and fish ponds by the _______. A) Tennessee Valley Authority B) National Recovery Administration C) Public Works Administration D) Works Progress Administration E) Civilian Conservation Corps

Q: Franklin D. Roosevelt and his advisers believed that _______ production would raise prices for farmers. A) reducing B) increasing C) redistributing D) expropriating E) monitoring

Q: Which of the following was a New Deal program that worked to bring about farm recovery? A) the Federal Farm Board B) the Agricultural Adjustment Administration C) the Tennessee Valley Authority D) the National Recovery Administration E) the Civilian Conservation Corps

Q: Which New Deal program did the Supreme Court declare unconstitutional? A) Commodity Credit Corporation B) Civilian Conservation Corps C) National Recovery Administration D) Tennessee Valley Authority E) Civil Works Administration

Q: The National Recovery Administration sought to promote economic recovery by _______. A) reducing corporate taxes B) restoring competition C) experimenting with national economic planning D) implementing classical economic theory E) eliminating all taxes

Q: The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was designed to _______. A) help support continued control of electrical power by private companies B) bring modernization and jobs to desolate areas of the upper rural South C) alienate troublesome conservationists in his administration D) test the authority of the Supreme Court E) win votes in a largely Republican area of the country

Q: Roosevelt's Hundred Days banking legislation aimed to _______. A) remedy a banking crisis B) decrease government regulation of U.S. banks C) allow the government to take over the banking system D) give bankers a place in his government E) merge smaller banks with larger ones

Q: Hoover's response to the Great Depression could best be described as _______. A) restrained and cautious B) innovative and adaptive C) humanitarian and pragmatic D) socialist and radical E) aggressive and rapid

Q: Hoover believed that unemployment relief _______. A) was justified by previous government policies B) would bring about dangerous inflation C) could promote domestic unrest D) should come from private charities E) would be a sign of weakness

Q: The social and economic effects of the Depression _______. A) affected only the wealthier classes B) hit the middle class especially hard C) lasted only a few months at the end of 1929 D) were suffered only by the lower classes E) came to light only gradually

Q: By 1932, what percentage of American workers were unemployed? A) 10% B) 12% C) 25% D) 33% E) 50%

Q: The most striking characteristic of the stock market in 1929 was _______. A) the obsession with speculation among investors B) the downward trend of major stocks early in the year C) the government's desire to carefully regulate the market D) the heavy involvement of the majority of wage-earning Americans E) the steady advancement through the decade

Q: What was the most significant long-range effect of the New Deal on American society? A) After the New Deal, Americans tended to resist large-scale governmental programs that sought directly to control aspects of economic and social life. B) The economic initiatives and programs instituted by FDR's administration during the New Deal have continued to strengthen the U.S. economy to this day. C) Since the New Deal, a tight coalition between southern Democrats and conservative Republicans has continued to oppose presidential policies. D) The immigration policies established during the New Deal continue to set quotas, insulating American-born workers from foreign-born competition. E) Certain key programs, such as Social Security, have become an integral part of American life, providing essential benefits to millions of Americans today.

Q: Which of the following adjectives best describes economic recovery in the wake of the New Deal? A) fast and steep B) well-paced and continuous C) slow and halting D) slow but steady E) fast but halting

Q: In his second term, Roosevelt was stung by all of the following EXCEPT _______. A) strained relations with Congress in the wake of his "court packing" scheme B) the defeat of minimum wage and maximum hour legislation C) a serious economic relapse known as the "Roosevelt recession" D) a Republican resurgence during the 1938 midterm elections E) the emergence of a conservative congressional coalition

Q: Working women in the 1930s faced all of the following EXCEPT _______. A) discriminatory hiring and firing practices B) an unemployment rate higher than 20 percent for a decade C) lower wages sanctioned by government regulations D) lack of a minimum wage for maids and waitresses E) lack of appointments for women in high-ranking positions

Q: Which of the following was NOT a way that the Great Depression benefited the Democrats? A) Their handling of the Depression was universally popular, giving the Democrats control of Congress for a two-year period. B) The Democrats were given the mandate to address the crisis and had almost unanimous support early on. C) FDR and Democratic lawmakers passed landmark legislation, such as the Social Security Act. D) The Republicans had been unable to prevent the Depression, and as a result the Democrats returned to power. E) Initially, Democrats enjoyed party cohesion that helped push through New Deal programs.

Q: Which of these explains the failure of the National Recovery Administration? A) Labor and management were unable to really work together. B) Its programs failed to help farmers. C) Few banks were actually saved by the program. D) The Supreme Court struck the program down at the height of its success. E) The limits put on competition drove prices disastrously low.

Q: How might FDR's personal background have prepared him to meet the challenges of the Great Depression? A) Since he was from a privileged background, he did not personally suffer financial hardship, which left him free to address the country's crisis. B) His service as assistant secretary of the Navy under Woodrow Wilson prepared him to balance foreign and domestic affairs during the Great Depression. C) His relationship to Theodore Roosevelt helped him become a conservationist and a powerful Republican leader. D) His bout with polio gave him personal experience of suffering and made him more sensitive to the downtrodden of society. E) His Ivy League education helped him understand the needs of wealthy American businessmen during the Great Depression.

Q: How did FDR's attitude toward budget deficits impact the success of the New Deal? A) He drew from the country's reserves and could not rescue the economy. B) He did not see the importance of deficits, which could have helped the economy. C) He raised the deficits, which inhibited his ability to save the economy. D) He sought a balanced budget when he should have increased spending. E) He spent too much and nearly bankrupted the United States.

Q: How did the creation of reform programs during the New Deal eventually lead to its demise? A) The programs actually did very little to change the U.S. economic situation. B) The programs required massive government spending and could not be sustained. C) The programs were dismissed by Republicans who took control of Congress. D) The programs were unpopular with the general public who began to speak out. E) The programs were too progressive and could not outlast political changes.

Q: Why did FDR attempt to "pack" the Supreme Court? A) He knew opposing the Supreme Court would unite his disparate Democratic Party. B) He knew opposing the Supreme Court would win him bipartisan support. C) He saw the Supreme Court's interference with the New Deal as unconstitutional. D) He wanted to remove the final and most powerful threat to his New Deal programs. E) He wanted to create a Democratic Supreme Court to ensure his legacy.

Q: What is one reason why the election of 1936 was noteworthy? A) It restored Republicans to power after years of Democratic rule. B) It was the first time a third-party candidate received a sizable number of votes. C) It marked the creation of a new, powerful political coalition. D) It affected the political affiliation of most rural and small town voters. E) It solidified a Democratic party of rural southerners and urban westerners.

Q: What was one major impact of the New Deal on party politics? A) It restored the U.S. economy to its original preeminence in the world. B) It united Democrats and Republicans as no other crisis had before or since. C) It sought to create a coalition by reaching out to ethnic voters. D) It changed the political affiliations for most rural and urban voters. E) It created a unified Democratic party of rural southerners and urban westerners.

Q: Most African Americans shifted political affiliation from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party in response to _______. A) FDR designing the TVA and NRA specifically to benefit African Americans. B) FDR appointing African Americans to high-ranking government positions. C) FDR ensuring that African Americans received the same wages as white workers. D) FDR using the New Deal to create legislation to end segregation in the South. E) FDR providing employment and job security to most African Americans.

Q: How were women and African Americans in the automobile and steel industries affected by the organization of labor in the 1930s? A) They were given a higher percentage of jobs because the government recognized that both groups had been traditionally undervalued. B) Their wages increased to equal that of white men because the government recognized that they had been traditionally underpaid. C) They were granted education and agricultural incentives to remove them from the workforce and reduce competition for white men. D) They filled largely unskilled jobs and were able to join unions along with skilled laborers due to the passage of new legislation. E) They did not benefit from the organization of labor and were shut out of almost all unions and trade associations.

Q: How did the New Deal affect American industrial workers? A) It provided them with jobs, regardless of race or gender. B) It provided the means for them to organize and bargain for benefits. C) It allowed skilled workers to unionize, but left unskilled workers unrepresented. D) It left them at the mercy of businesses that were supported by the government. E) It squeezed out women and minorities to give jobs to white male workers.

Q: What was the primary motivation for the passage of the Social Security Act? A) It was motivated by a belief that people ought to take responsibility for their economic decisions and situations. B) It was motivated by a desire to fend off Republican challenges to Democratic policies and to ensure that FDR would be reelected. C) It was motivated by a belief that wealth should be distributed equally among all American citizens and across all social classes. D) It was motivated by a concern that radical elements within American society would gain power if discontent among the poor and dispossessed was not remedied. E) It was motivated by a sense of duty to ensure that all American citizens, especially the elderly, handicapped, and unemployed, were adequately protected.

Q: How did Huey Long's "Share the Wealth" movement reflect on the federal government's efforts to address the Great Depression? A) The fact that Americans were swayed by Huey Long's flamboyant style suggested that they had become disillusioned with FDR's leadership. B) The "Share the Wealth" movement complemented the New Deal's programs, which similarly sought to increase the standard of living of all Americans. C) The "Share the Wealth" movement suggested that a large number of people felt that more should be done for those in trouble. D) Rising frustration with the slow pace of recovery resulted in a grassroots revival of fundamentalist Christianity. E) The emergence of viable third-party candidates suggested that neither Democrats nor Republicans were capable of ending the Great Depression.

Q: Why was the New Deal criticized during the early years of the Great Depression? A) Many felt that Roosevelt's programs were not aggressive enough in helping those truly in need. B) Some felt that its programs favored minorities and immigrants, leaving white middle class Americans without aid. C) Policies of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration were criticized for hampering agricultural production and leading to food shortages. D) Critics disagreed with the New Deal's attempts to institute national health insurance and relief for the unemployed. E) Roosevelt and his policies were criticized for not reaching out to bankers, business leaders, and others in the world of finance.

Q: How did the farm recovery program work to fix the agricultural industry? A) It favored small farming operations over large industrial ones. B) It convinced farmers to stop destroying their livestock and crops. C) It found new international markets for surplus American crops. D) It set production limits for leading crops and paid farmers subsidies. E) It increased demand by giving away surplus food to the starving poor.

Q: What ultimately caused the National Recovery Administration to fail? A) It did not address business owners' goals of stabilizing production and raising prices. B) It compelled all companies to join, regardless of whether they wanted to or not. C) In the final analysis, very few industries decided to enroll in the NRA. D) Its rules favored large corporations over small businesses and laborers. E) It did not attempt to address labor leaders' goals of establishing a minimum wage.

Q: How did agencies created during the Hundred Days affect the Great Depression? A) They attempted to relieve the suffering of Americans by giving government-subsidized loans at very low rates. B) Agencies such as the Tennessee Valley Authority and the Civilian Conservation Corps succeeded in getting most of the unemployed back to work. C) Their main effect was to end economic stagnation by getting many people back to work on government projects. D) They strengthened all the failing banks of the country, restoring Americans' confidence in banking. E) They did little to affect the Great Depression, but they were perceived to be effective by the public.

Q: Which of the following is the best characterization of the United States in the decade following World War I? A) The United States suffered an economic decline that left millions out of work and lasted until the next world war. B) The United States was devastated emotionally by the war and spent the 1920s rebuilding its confidence and command. C) The United States emerged from the war as one of the powerful nations of the world, and spent the 1920s economically and politically solidifying that dominance. D) The United States was disillusioned by the conflict and spent the 1920s completely isolated and removed from the international stage. E) The United States continued to be divided by ethnicity with German and Russian Americans on one side and English and French Americans on the other.

Q: Which political tensions began in the 1920s and still exist today? A) tensions between Protestants and Catholics B) tensions between Republicans and Democrats C) tensions between "wets" and "drys" D) tensions between traditional conservatives and neo-conservatives E) tensions between male and female politicians

Q: What did Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover all have in common? A) All three politicians were presidents from the Democratic Party. B) All three politicians were born and raised in America's largest cities. C) All three politicians were conservatives who epitomized traditional values. D) All three politicians pushed a reform agenda while serving in office. E) All three politicians supported small business owners and labor unions.

Q: Which issue from the 1920s continues to factor heavily in politics today? A) open immigration versus restrictive legislation B) segregation versus integration C) communism versus conservatism D) prohibition versus alcohol distribution E) the theory of evolution versus a belief in creationism

Q: Which of the following was NOT a way that the Red Scare influenced American society? A) Fears of radical elements within American society led to a restriction of civil liberties as authorities sought to contain the perceived threat. B) There was an increased sense of fear as radicals committed violent acts such as the bombing of Attorney General Palmer's home in 1919. C) The negative response to the Red Scare contributed to a rise in membership of the Communist Party across the United States. D) The Red Scare led to heightened antagonism toward foreigners and the widespread deportation of certain groups of immigrants. E) In certain cases, such as the Sacco and Vanzetti murder trial, the justice system was compromised and justice did not prevail.

Q: Each of the following facts about women in the 1920s is true EXCEPT _____. A) most women workers had low-paying jobs B) the number of women doctors decreased C) women earned nearly one-third of all graduate degrees D) women activists worked to introduce an Equal Rights Amendment E) there was a substantial permanent gain in the number of working women

Q: Which of the following was NOT true of the American economy during the 1920s? A) Uniformity and standardization prevailed. B) The spread of automobiles stimulated other industries. C) Advertising became a major industry. D) Mass production became the hallmark of industry. E) Farmers experienced unprecedented prosperity.

Q: What was the pivotal role of religion in the 1928 election? A) Most Americans voted for Hoover as the Protestant candidate. B) Most Americans were Catholic immigrants and identified with Smith. C) The Ku Klux Klan helped elect Hoover because he was Protestant. D) The Roman Catholic Church ordered its faithful to vote for Al Smith. E) Religiously active Protestants refused to participate in this election.

Q: Why did Hoover have greater appeal than Smith in the election of 1928? A) As a big-city politician, Hoover appealed to the immigrant population that was larger than the "nativist" population. B) As a Protestant and someone who stood for traditional American values, Hoover appealed to a larger majority of Americans. C) Hoover was a self-made man who embodied the American belief in freedom of opportunity and upward mobility. D) Hoover had fought valiantly during World War I, whereas Smith was known to be a "draft dodger." E) Prior to the presidential race of 1928, Smith had never been involved in politics and had little experience.

Q: How did Republican policies affect the wealthiest Americans? A) Overall, the wealthiest Americans paid a higher percentage of their income in taxes. B) Wealthy Americans faced new kinds of taxes, such as the estate tax. C) Wealthy Americans saw their income taxes reduced significantly. D) The wealthiest Americans became the hardest hit during the Great Depression. E) The wealthiest Americans experienced a difficult relationship with the government.

Q: What was the intent of the Republican Party's push for "normalcy"? A) The return to normalcy indicated Republican reservations about mass production and other broad economic changes. B) "Normalcy" aimed to raise income taxes for all classes of American citizens. C) This term indicated that Republicans wanted to reverse the cultural transformation sweeping American society. D) Republicans sought to shrink government intervention in all aspects of the economy as part of the planned return to normalcy. E) Reacting to the reforms of progressive presidents, such as Woodrow Wilson and Teddy Roosevelt, Republicans sought stability and security.

Q: What did the Scopes trial reveal about religious tensions during the 1920s? A) It displayed the divide between science and fundamentalism. B) It demonstrated a suspicion of the Roman Catholic Church. C) It was a pivotal moment in the heated debate over abortion. D) It highlighted differences between Christianity and Judaism. E) It alienated those who believed in the separation of church and state.

Q: Why did nativism grow in the 1920s? A) There was a great deal of postwar resentment toward Europeans. B) Americans tended to favor immigration from "native" Latin America. C) Most European immigrants were socialists or communists. D) Influential Americans feared the purity of the race was threatened. E) Many Americans had a racist bias against Europeans.

Q: Why did the Ku Klux Klan experience a rebirth during the early part of the 1920s? A) The Klan was the chief producer and purveyor of illegal liquor during prohibition. B) The perception of eroding traditional values led many to adopt the Klan's extremism. C) The growth of the Klan was an indicator of a rise in the standard of living. D) The Klan broadened its constituency to Catholics, which attracted new members. E) The Klan employed violent methods to force people to join their membership.

Q: Which group in American society greatly benefited from the passage of prohibition? A) The upper middle class greatly benefited because they were exempt from this law. B) Bootleggers who controlled the illegal production and sale of alcohol greatly benefited. C) People in rural areas who championed this "noble experiment" greatly benefited. D) Churches greatly benefited due to the role they played in counseling alcoholics. E) Government leaders who passed the law greatly benefited from public appreciation.

Q: What did the Red Scare reveal about the darker side of American society? A) There was a deep undercurrent of intolerance and bigotry in American society. B) Americans were more interested in economic growth than in personal liberties. C) Racism emerged as a new phenomenon in the America of the 1920s. D) Americans were willing to tolerate immigrants if they stayed out of political life. E) There was a general indifference toward issues of race, ethnicity, and national identity.