Q&A Hero

Q: The Iran-Contra affair a. brought down Reagans cabinet, as well as high-ranking officials in the Marine Corps. b. resulted in the seizure of a secret Iranian oil reserve owned by Oliver North. c. was the greatest scandal of the Reagan administration. d. refers to the U.S. efforts to overthrow the shah. e. was quickly discovered by Congress soon after it began. ANS: C TOP: The Reagan Revolution DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1047 | Seagull p. 1066 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 5. Analyze how the Reagan presidency affected Americans both at home and abroad.

Q: By the mid-1990s, the richest 1 percent of Americans owned how much of the nations wealth? a. 15 percent b. 25 percent c. 30 percent d. 40 percent e. 50 percent ANS: D TOP: The Reagan Revolution DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1044 | Seagull p. 1063 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 5. Analyze how the Reagan presidency affected Americans both at home and abroad.

Q: What setback did the advocates of the Roe v. Wade decision of 1973 suffer in 1976? a. President Ford vetoed federal funding for abortion. b. The Supreme Court declared bans on abortion constitutional. c. Congress enacted a bill banning abortion from health care policies for federal employees. d. The Supreme Court reversed its position on access to contraception and allowed states to ban condoms. e. Congress overrode Fords veto and ended federal funding for abortion in the Medicaid program. ANS: E TOP: The Rising Tide of Conservatism DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 1037 | Seagull p. 1055 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 4. Discuss the roots of the rise of conservatism in the 1970s.

Q: What did the environmentalist Barry Commoner offer as a solution to the environmental crisis? a. Boycott any energy that was produced from a nuclear facility. b. The government needed to be less involved in environmental issues, allowing the private sector to handle cleanups. c. Americans should eat more meat (especially beef, because it was healthier than pork). d. Americans needed to move toward a lifestyle that was in harmony with the ecosphere. e. Wind power should be the only energy source. ANS: D TOP: Voices of Freedom | Primary Source Document DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 1040 | Seagull p. 1060 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 5. Analyze how the Reagan presidency affected Americans both at home and abroad.

Q: Which of the following statements is true of Proposition 13? a. It resulted in larger funds for libraries and schools, as supporters claimed it would. b. Proposed by California conservatives, it clashed with the growing liberal mood of the rest of the nation. c. Prospective homebuyers and renters benefited greatly from its passage. d. It proved taxation could be a trenchant issue for politicians and American voters. e. Many states, observing the California experiment, shied away from similar propositions. ANS: D TOP: The Rising Tide of Conservatism DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1038 | Seagull p. 1056 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 4. Discuss the roots of the rise of conservatism in the 1970s.

Q: What did Nevada politician Richard E. Blakemore view as the cause of the Sagebrush Rebellion? a. conflict between competing oil companies b. environmental movements divided over strategy c. conflict between environmental protection and demand for energy d. the placement of nuclear energy facilities in the West e. conflict between religious leaders and environmental scientists ANS: C TOP: Voices of Freedom | Primary Source Document DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 1041 | Seagull pp. 10601061 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 5. Analyze how the Reagan presidency affected Americans both at home and abroad.

Q: What motivated the Sagebrush Rebellion? a. a rising tide of environmental activism and liberal sentiment b. concern that the federal government planned to cut federal funding for state and national parks in the West c. the desire of western ranchers for local control of grazing rights on public lands d. anger over the loss of jobs with the closing of the Nevada Test Site e. a growing concern over the danger of wildfires and drought conditions ANS: C TOP: The Rising Tide of Conservatism DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 1038 | Seagull pp. 10561057 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 4. Discuss the roots of the rise of conservatism in the 1970s.

Q: Why did President Carter cut off aid to Argentina in 1978? a. because the country was ruled by a dictatorship that brutally violated human rights b. because it brought no economic return to the United States c. because he wanted to support the Falklands War d. because it was ruled by a communist government e. because Argentina was competing with the U.S. with its meat production ANS: A TOP: The End of the Golden Age DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 1042 | Seagull p. 1049 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 3. Examine the ways in which the opportunities of most Americans diminished in the 1970s.

Q: The Sunbelt in the 1970s a. was the only U.S. region to welcome illegal immigration. b. was characterized by high wages and unionized jobs. c. was a growing conservative region. d. produced more than 80 percent of U.S. agricultural imports. e. became the center of liberalism. ANS: C TOP: The End of the Golden Age DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1039 | Seagull p. 1032 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 3. Examine the ways in which the opportunities of most Americans diminished in the 1970s.

Q: The Reagan Revolution a. included an emphasis on global human rights. b. introduced an expanded welfare state. c. strengthened the labor movement. d. included cuts to government programs. e. had little appeal for most Americans. ANS: D TOP: The Reagan Revolution DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1042 | Seagull p. 1059 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 5. Analyze how the Reagan presidency affected Americans both at home and abroad.

Q: Which of the following assessments of the Carter administration in 1980 is accurate? a. Without his masterful resolution to the Iranian hostage crisis, Carters reelection would have been doubtful. b. Prior to Reagans announcement that he was going to run for president, few Americans would have doubted Carters reelection. c. Only Carters defeat in the 1980 election saved him from almost certain impeachment by a heavily Republican Congress. d. Carters approval ratings in 1980 had fallen lower than Nixons at the time of his resignation. e. Carters bold boycott of the Moscow Olympics in protest over the invasion of Afghanistan dramatically improved his chances at reelection. ANS: D TOP: The Rising Tide of Conservatism DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 1039 | Seagull p. 1057 MSC: Applying OBJ: 4. Discuss the roots of the rise of conservatism in the 1970s.

Q: Ronald Reagan was the most effective president at reshaping the nations agenda and political language since which president? a. John Kennedy b. Richard Nixon c. Harry Truman d. Bill Clinton e. Franklin D. Roosevelt ANS: E TOP: The Reagan Revolution DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1042 | Seagull p. 1059 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 5. Analyze how the Reagan presidency affected Americans both at home and abroad.

Q: Unlike any previous president, Reagan held what job before his time in office? a. professional athlete b. dancer c. lumberjack d. recording artist e. actor ANS: E TOP: The Reagan Revolution DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1039 | Seagull p. 1058 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 5. Analyze how the Reagan presidency affected Americans both at home and abroad.

Q: What was Reagans reaction to the air traffic controllers strike? a. He ordered permanent military jurisdiction for the nations air traffic control system. b. He convinced those on strike to come back to the bargaining table and renegotiate their contracts. c. He fired all of the air traffic controllers on strike. d. He had the Justice Department sue PATCO, the air traffic controllers union. e. He ordered the National Guard to take control. ANS: C TOP: The Reagan Revolution DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1043 | Seagull p. 1062 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 5. Analyze how the Reagan presidency affected Americans both at home and abroad.

Q: When Gerald Ford and Nelson Rockefeller assumed the presidency and the vice presidency, respectively, a. they focused solely on domestic affairs. b. it was the first time in U.S. history that the White House was occupied by authorities nobody had voted for. c. U.S. citizens had voted for someone they could finally trust. d. they stopped the policy of d tente, bringing the world to the brink of war. e. they assumed full responsibility for the Watergate scandal. ANS: B TOP: The End of the Golden Age DIF: Moderate REF: Full pp. 10391040 | Seagull p. 1032 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 4. Discuss the roots of the rise of conservatism in the 1970s.

Q: Opponents of the Equal Rights Amendment, such as Phyllis Schlafly, argued that the passage of the ERA would a. take away a womans right to be a housewife. b. finally make women truly equal citizens, a goal set forth at Seneca Falls over a century before. c. need to be amended in order to exclude women from being drafted into the armed forces. d. not change anything, and so its ratification would mean nothing. e. elevate women to a superior class, allowing women to outnumber men in politics, professional jobs, and higher education programs within a decade. ANS: A TOP: The Rising Tide of Conservatism DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1036 | Seagull p. 1054 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 4. Discuss the roots of the rise of conservatism in the 1970s.

Q: In 1976, Jimmy Carter won the presidential race in part because he a. ran with Regan as his vice president. b. played as an outsider. c. was well known nationwide. d. lied about his religious preferences. e. promised to put the Watergate scandal behind. ANS: B TOP: The End of the Golden Age DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1040 | Seagull p. 1048 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 3. Examine the ways in which the opportunities of most Americans diminished in the 1970s.

Q: During the 1970s, conservatives a. continued their overt opposition to the black struggle for racial justice. b. insisted on more local control and resisted the power of the federal government. c. employed the fiery rhetoric and direct confrontation tactics of Bull Connor and George Wallace. d. made little progress. e. appealed primarily to urban Americans. ANS: B TOP: The Rising Tide of Conservatism DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1034 | Seagull p. 1052 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 4. Discuss the roots of the rise of conservatism in the 1970s.

Q: What triggered the rise of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia? a. the end of the Vietnam War b. the commercial activities between Cambodia and Vietnam c. the acceptance of Cambodia into the United Nations d. the Soviet invasion of Cambodia e. the U.S. invasion of Cambodia ANS: E TOP: Vietnam and Watergate DIF: Moderate REF: Full pp. 10321033 | Seagull p. 1040 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 2. Explain how Vietnam and the Watergate scandal affected popular trust in the government.

Q: Democrats nominated Senator George McGovern for president in 1972. McGovern only won in Massachusetts. What did the results of the elections suggest? a. that he was from Massachusetts b. that not many voters went to the polls c. that women preferred him over the other candidate d. that the electoral system needed an update e. that certain sectors of society no longer swore loyalty to the Democratic Party ANS: E TOP: Vietnam and Watergate DIF: Moderate REF: Full pp. 10341035 | Seagull p. 1032 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 2. Explain how Vietnam and the Watergate scandal affected popular trust in the government.

Q: Which of the following accurately describes the Iran Crisis? a. The American hostages in Iran were released the day Reagan left office. b. In 1979, a popular revolution overthrew the Islamic state and established the shah regime. c. The Iranian Revolution signaled that opposition movements in Middle Eastern countries were shifting to religious fundamentalist ideologies. d. After Carter refused the deposed shah entry for medical treatment in the United States, his exiled internal security force invaded the U.S. Embassy in Teheran and took American hostages. e. The crisis was the perfect opportunity for Carter to prove his statesmanship. ANS: C TOP: The End of the Golden Age DIF: Moderate REF: Full pp. 10321033 | Seagull pp. 10501051 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 3. Examine the ways in which the opportunities of most Americans diminished in the 1970s.

Q: How did the experience of the 1960s shape Americas neoconservatives? a. Neoconservatives believed that even the best-intentioned social programs did more harm than good. b. The expense of the space race convinced them that they had to give up fighting the Cold War. c. The U.S. experience in the Vietnam War taught neoconservatives to wage wars with all available resources. d. The prosperity under the stewardship of liberal Democrats convinced them that New Deal economics were the path for the future. e. Their own exposure to drugs, sex, and rock and roll made them more likely to be libertarians at heart. ANS: A TOP: The Rising Tide of Conservatism DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 1034 | Seagull pp. 10521053 MSC: Applying OBJ: 4. Discuss the roots of the rise of conservatism in the 1970s.

Q: In response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, President Carter pursued which of the following policies? a. stealing the show at the Moscow Olympics b. withdrawing the SALT II treaty from consideration by the Senate c. raising prices on grain exports to the Soviet Union d. funneling aid to the mujahideen guerilla warriors fighting the Soviets e. dramatically shifting American military spending to Egypt and Saudi Arabia ANS: B TOP: The End of the Golden Age DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1033 | Seagull p. 1044 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 3. Examine the ways in which the opportunities of most Americans diminished in the 1970s.

Q: During the 1970s, evangelical Christians a. significantly declined in number, as they became less vocal. b. significantly increased in number, as they became more vocal. c. became more liberal in their beliefs. d. were banned from holding public office. e. were banned from making television appearances. ANS: B TOP: The Rising Tide of Conservatism DIF: Moderate REF: Full pp. 10341035 | Seagull pp. 10531054 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 4. Discuss the roots of the rise of conservatism in the 1970s.

Q: The handling of the Iranian hostage crisis a. was a diplomatic achievement for President Carter. b. restored Americans confidence in their nation. c. made Jimmy Carter appear weak and inept. d. made Ronald Reagan appear weak and inept. e. ended with the signing of the Camp David Accords. ANS: C TOP: The End of the Golden Age DIF: Easy REF: Full p. 1033 | Seagull p. 1051 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 3. Examine the ways in which the opportunities of most Americans diminished in the 1970s.

Q: When they were arrested, the burglars at the Watergate apartment complex were breaking into a. Senator George McGoverns house. b. the Washington Posts headquarters. c. the Republican Party headquarters. d. the Democratic Party headquarters. e. the New York Times headquarters. ANS: D TOP: Vietnam and Watergate DIF: Easy REF: Full p. 1035 | Seagull p. 1041 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 2. Explain how Vietnam and the Watergate scandal affected popular trust in the government.

Q: In order to protect U.S. interests, the Carter Doctrine declared that the United States would a. never intervene in the affairs of another nation. b. use military force, particularly in Southeast Asia. c. use military force, particularly in the Western Hemisphere. d. use military force, particularly in the Persian Gulf. e. use nuclear weapons only if attacked first. ANS: D TOP: The End of the Golden Age DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 1033 | Seagull p. 1051 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 3. Examine the ways in which the opportunities of most Americans diminished in the 1970s.

Q: The Equal Rights Amendment a. stated that equality of rights under the law could not be abridged on account of sex. b. was revived by second-wave feminists and was expected to arouse controversy, given its lack of support among a majority of congressional Republicans. c. had originally been proposed in 1970 by members of NOW. d. mandated that women had to surrender maternity leave. e. would have resulted in the abolition of Planned Parenthood. ANS: A TOP: The Rising Tide of Conservatism DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1035 | Seagull p. 1054 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 4. Discuss the roots of the rise of conservatism in the 1970s.

Q: The Soviet War in Afghanistan came to resemble what other conflict? a. Korean War b. Vietnam War c. Seven Days War d. Falklands War e. World War I ANS: B TOP: The End of the Golden Age DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1033 | Seagull p. 1051 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 3. Examine the ways in which the opportunities of most Americans diminished in the 1970s.

Q: How did Phyllis Schlafly and her supporters invoke the principle of freedom in the battle over the ERA? a. They argued that freedom for American women was best experienced through their husbands. b. They argued that freedom for American women had already been achieved with the Nineteenth Amendment. c. They argued it was the free enterprise system that truly liberated American women, because home appliances freed them from time-consuming labor. d. Schlafly and her supporters never spoke of American freedom. e. They said women could already pursue a career outside the home thanks to job training programs and colleges admittance of women. ANS: C TOP: The Rising Tide of Conservatism DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1036 | Seagull p. 1054 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 4. Discuss the roots of the rise of conservatism in the 1970s.

Q: In 1975, the Vietnam War ended a. when the Soviet Union attacked North Vietnam. b. with the government of North Vietnam as the sole ruler of the country. c. with the Paris peace agreement. d. with the United States as a winner. e. right after the invasion of Cambodia. ANS: C TOP: Vietnam and Watergate DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1034 | Seagull p. 1040 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 2. Explain how Vietnam and the Watergate scandal affected popular trust in the government.

Q: In response to the sexual revolution a. women had children at a younger age. b. there was a decrease in the marriage age. c. abortion became illegal. d. divorce rates plummeted. e. the birth rate declined. ANS: E TOP: President Nixon DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1030 | Seagull p. 1036 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 1. Identify the major policies of the Nixon administration on social and economic issues.

Q: The Camp David Accords brokered a peace between what two countries? a. Colombia and Panama b. Greece and Italy c. Poland and Russia d. Egypt and Israel e. Namibia and Botswana ANS: D TOP: The End of the Golden Age DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 1032 | Seagull p. 1050 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 3. Examine the ways in which the opportunities of most Americans diminished in the 1970s.

Q: The Three Mile Island nuclear plant a. proved the success of the alternative energy resource. b. was the first of its kind to be operational. c. brought a halt to the nuclear energy industrys expansion. d. was the first nuclear plant to have an accident. e. stood as a symbol of American scientific and technological superiority. ANS: C TOP: The End of the Golden Age DIF: Easy REF: Full p. 1030 | Seagull p. 1049 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 3. Examine the ways in which the opportunities of most Americans diminished in the 1970s.

Q: Which of the following is evidence that freedom for women expanded in the 1970s? a. Fewer women sought professional careers. b. Stay-at-home moms received incentives to focus on their domestic duties. c. Gender discrimination was banned in higher education d. Women were now required to be married to get credit. e. Large corporations refused to upgrade employment opportunities available to women. ANS: C TOP: President Nixon DIF: Easy REF: Full pp. 1031 | Seagull pp. 10361037 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 1. Identify the major policies of the Nixon administration on social and economic issues.

Q: When Ford took office in 1974, what occurred for the first time in U.S. history? a. Ford refused to pardon the former president. b. The former president had been impeached and thrown out of office. c. Both the president and vice president took office without being voted in. d. An American president was censured by Congress. e. The president held a live press conference. ANS: C TOP: The End of the Golden Age DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1029 | Seagull p. 1047 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 3. Examine the ways in which the opportunities of most Americans diminished in the 1970s.

Q: Why did the CIA seek to destabilize the government of Chile after 1970? a. because it was a strong ally of the Soviet Union b. because Augusto Pinochet, the leader, was a declared communist c. because it had not been democratically elected d. because Chiles geographical position was key to access the Pacific Ocean and the United States wanted to build a military base there e. because Chileans had elected a socialist president, Salvador Allende ANS: E TOP: President Nixon DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1031 | Seagull p. 1038 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 1. Identify the major policies of the Nixon administration on social and economic issues.

Q: How was Richard Nixon treated by the Ford administration? a. Ford pushed the Justice Department to prosecute Nixon. b. President Ford pardoned Nixon. c. Nixons crimes and accomplishments were expunged from the public record. d. Nixon was largely ignored by the Ford administration. e. Nixons accomplishments were celebrated. ANS: B TOP: The End of the Golden Age DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1029 | Seagull p. 1047 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 3. Examine the ways in which the opportunities of most Americans diminished in the 1970s.

Q: Under the Nixon administration, the United States a. denounced Pinochets dictatorship. b. aided dictatorial governments, like Pinochets regime. c. assisted Salvador Allende. d. supported the government in North Vietnam. e. refused to support the dictatorial regime in Iran. ANS: B TOP: President Nixon DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 1031 | Seagull p. 1038 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Identify the major policies of the Nixon administration on social and economic issues.

Q: The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 a. created a special program for the rehabilitation of war veterans in need. b. was passed by the House of Representatives but not by the Senate. c. was highly contested in Congress. d. prohibited discrimination on the basis of disability in any program or agency related to the federal government. e. was passed to encourage the improvement of Americans. ANS: D TOP: President Nixon DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1030 | Seagull p. 1032 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Identify the major policies of the Nixon administration on social and economic issues.

Q: President Carters foreign policy emphasized a. the need to fight communism around the world. b. the policy of containment. c. the right of the United States to intervene in Latin America. d. an increased military presence in Southeast Asia. e. human rights as a diplomatic priority. ANS: E TOP: The End of the Golden Age DIF: Easy REF: Full p. 1031 | Seagull p. 1049 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 3. Examine the ways in which the opportunities of most Americans diminished in the 1970s.

Q: During the 1970s, the Sexual Revolution a. continued to be discussed only among close circles of friends. b. formed part of the counterculture of America. c. only concerned women. d. started to form part of the social mainstream. e. sparked a second baby boom. ANS: D TOP: President Nixon DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1030 | Seagull p. 1032 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 4. Discuss the roots of the rise of conservatism in the 1970s.

Q: Which of the following best describes Nixons foreign policy of d tente? a. Nixon focused on domestic affairs, placing less importance on international relations than did his predecessors. b. He announced the United States would stop sending aid to nondemocratic countries. c. He tried to democratize eastern Europe through secret diplomatic talks. d. He stopped all diplomatic talks with communist countries. e. He inaugurated an era of peaceful coexistence with communist countries. ANS: E TOP: President Nixon DIF: Moderate REF: Full pp. 1032 | Seagull p. 1038 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Identify the major policies of the Nixon administration on social and economic issues.

Q: Which of the following found inspiration in the movements of the 1960s and support across the political spectrum? a. the disability movement b. gender rights movement c. gay rights movement d. equal rights movement e. the movement for racial equality ANS: A TOP: President Nixon DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 1030 | Seagull p. 1032 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Identify the major policies of the Nixon administration on social and economic issues.

Q: After Nixons 1972 visit to China a. the United States sent economic and military aid to the exile regime in Taiwan. b. Chinas participation in the UN was suspended. c. China drew closer to the Soviet Union. d. the Beijing government took Chinas place at the UN. e. commercial relations between the two countries ceased. ANS: D TOP: President Nixon DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1032 | Seagull p. 1038 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Identify the major policies of the Nixon administration on social and economic issues.

Q: The effect of the lowering in value of the U.S. dollar during Richard Nixons first term was a. positive, because U.S. exports increased. b. negative, because numerous treaties were being used to determine currency values around the world. c. positive, because China exported cheap products to the United States. d. negative, because the world economy became unstable. e. neither positive nor negative; nothing changed with the economy. ANS: D TOP: The End of the Golden Age DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1026 | Seagull p. 1044 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 3. Examine the ways in which the opportunities of most Americans diminished in the 1970s.

Q: Which of the following comparisons of wage trends for 1953 to 1973 and 1973 to 1993 is accurate? a. Wages were more equitable for women and minorities in the first period than in the second. b. Wage gains were typically eaten up by inflation in the first half. c. Nominal wages gradually sunk in the first half and rose in the second, but real wages behaved in the opposite way. d. Wages increased significantly in the first period but stagnated in the second. e. Wages for women grew significantly while mens wages declined. ANS: D TOP: The End of the Golden Age DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 1028 | Seagull p. 1046 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 3. Examine the ways in which the opportunities of most Americans diminished in the 1970s.

Q: In 1971, what occurred for the first time in the twentieth century? a. China held free elections. b. Vietnam had no outside country ruling it. c. Personal computers outsold televisions. d. Cell phones started to replace landline phones. e. The United States had a merchandise trade deficit. ANS: E TOP: The End of the Golden Age DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1026 | Seagull p. 1044 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 3. Examine the ways in which the opportunities of most Americans diminished in the 1970s.

Q: In Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, the Supreme Court decided a. the Constitution did not require equality of school funding. b. not to interfere with racism within public schools. c. that white suburbs did not need to apply a desegregation plan. d. students should not be transported long distances to go to school. e. that transportation of students was necessary to end segregation. ANS: D TOP: President Nixon DIF: Difficult REF: Full pp. 10281029 | Seagull p. 1035 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 1. Identify the major policies of the Nixon administration on social and economic issues.

Q: What caused the oil embargo in 1973? a. President Nixon visited China. b. Middle Eastern Arab countries were unhappy with U.S. support for Israel. c. President Nixon took the United States off the gold standard. d. Europe and Japan stopped importing oil. e. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries refused to set oil prices. ANS: B TOP: The End of the Golden Age DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1026 | Seagull p. 1044 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 3. Examine the ways in which the opportunities of most Americans diminished in the 1970s.

Q: Domestically, President Gerald Ford a. was successful at reviving the American economy. b. introduced programs that encouraged growth in the manufacturing sector. c. reversed the economic policies of his predecessor. d. restored Americans confidence in their nation, as business boomed. e. failed to revive the economy. ANS: E TOP: The End of the Golden Age DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1029 | Seagull p. 1047 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 3. Examine the ways in which the opportunities of most Americans diminished in the 1970s.

Q: Nixons Family Assistance Plan a. only served black families. b. did not apply to single women with children. c. provided assistance to poor families who met the stipulated criteria. d. was approved by Congress. e. was supported by conservatives. ANS: C TOP: President Nixon DIF: Difficult REF: Full pp. 10261027 | Seagull p. 1033 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Identify the major policies of the Nixon administration on social and economic issues.

Q: The economic condition known as stagflation was caused by a. declining oil prices. b. low inflation rates. c. stagnant economic growth and low inflation. d. stagnant economic growth and high inflation. e. high income tax rates. ANS: D TOP: The End of the Golden Age DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1027 | Seagull p. 1045 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 3. Examine the ways in which the opportunities of most Americans diminished in the 1970s.

Q: Why had it been premature for liberals to celebrate the downfall of their political adversary Richard Nixon? a. Nixon would stage a second political comeback in the Reagan administration. b. As many Democrats as Republicans wound up in jail in the Watergate scandal. c. Nixon remained popular with the American public, despite the Watergate scandal. d. Watergate undermined public confidence in the merits of the federal government. e. Republicans distanced themselves from Nixon and won majorities in 1974. ANS: D TOP: Vietnam and Watergate DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 1025 | Seagull p. 1043 MSC: Applying OBJ: 2. Explain how Vietnam and the Watergate scandal affected popular trust in the government.

Q: What led to the congressional discovery that the FBI had spied on millions of Americans in the 1960s? a. the assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem b. the invasion of Cambodia c. the revelations about the My Lai Massacre d. the hearings in the wake of the Kent State shootings e. the Church Committee investigations ANS: E TOP: Vietnam and Watergate DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 1025 | Seagull p. 1043 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 2. Explain how Vietnam and the Watergate scandal affected popular trust in the government.

Q: What was the purpose of the Office of Minority Business Enterprise? a. to promote entrepreneurial activities b. to grant money to immigrants as they settled in c. to fund black capitalist initiatives d. to fund initiatives led by women e. to promote gay rights ANS: C TOP: President Nixon DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1028 | Seagull p. 1032 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Identify the major policies of the Nixon administration on social and economic issues.

Q: Richard Nixons New Federalism a. offered state-grants that could be used however each state government chose. b. created much discomfort in Congress. c. closed a few state agencies and declared that no new agencies could be created. d. demanded full national control of all federal money sent to the states. e. was clearly moved by a liberal agenda. ANS: A TOP: President Nixon DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 1026 | Seagull p. 1032 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 1. Identify the major policies of the Nixon administration on social and economic issues.

Q: What did the busing issue illustrate about America in the 1970s? a. the existence of white hostility toward a strong and powerful government who they believed was taking away their rights and freedoms b. that more highways needed to be built c. that highways and automobiles were key to promoting rural growth d. that stopping segregation was in the best interests of blacks and whites alike e. that the Supreme Court would not express itself in terms of racial discrimination ANS: A TOP: President Nixon DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1028 | Seagull p. 1032 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Identify the major policies of the Nixon administration on social and economic issues.

Q: The Nixon administration a. temporarily stopped the food stamps program. b. gave much importance to the Office of Economic Opportunity. c. critically reduced all spending on environmental initiatives. d. reformed the Environmental Protection Agency. e. created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. ANS: E TOP: President Nixon DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1026 | Seagull pp. 10321033 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 1. Identify the major policies of the Nixon administration on social and economic issues.

Q: Richard Nixons appointment of Warren Burger as chief justice was intended to a. balance the court. b. give minorities a voice. c. continue Warrens legacy of judicial activism. d. give the Supreme Court an active role in domestic affairs. e. give the Court a conservative tone. ANS: E TOP: President Nixon DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1028 | Seagull pp. 10341035 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Identify the major policies of the Nixon administration on social and economic issues.

Q: What were the results of the U.S. invasion of neutral Cambodia in 1970? a. The Viet Cong lost access to its Ho Chi Minh Trail. b. South Vietnam gained increasing influence over a weak neighbor. c. The invasion destabilized the nation and ushered in a murderous regime. d. The impressive military action convinced communist China to approach the United States. e. The invasion toppled Cambodias communist government. ANS: C TOP: Vietnam and Watergate DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1022 | Seagull p. 1039 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 2. Explain how Vietnam and the Watergate scandal affected popular trust in the government.

Q: Nixon was the first president from a. Florida. b. Alaska. c. Puerto Rico. d. Ohio. e. California. ANS: E TOP: President Nixon DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1025 | Seagull p. 1032 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 1. Identify the major policies of the Nixon administration on social and economic issues.

Q: Which of the following statements correctly describes the outcome of the My Lai Massacre? a. The military cover-up of the atrocity prevented the guilty parties from ever facing trial. b. American public opinion declared the defendants guilty before there even was a trial. c. The leaders responsible for the massacre were all sentenced to life and remain in jail to this day. d. One person was found guilty in this killing of 350 civilians, and he was released in 1974. e. The event prompted Americans to reflect more deeply on the implications of the Nuremberg trials. ANS: D TOP: Vietnam and Watergate DIF: Difficult REF: Full pp. 10221023 | Seagull p. 1040 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 2. Explain how Vietnam and the Watergate scandal affected popular trust in the government.

Q: Which of the following formed part of the conservative agenda? a. a strong critique of the welfare state b. a willingness to raise taxes c. increasing government involvement in the peoples lives d. the determination to stop the international crusade against communism e. the advancement of limited individual freedom ANS: A TOP: President Nixon DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 1025 | Seagull p. 1032 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 1. Identify the major policies of the Nixon administration on social and economic issues.

Q: What resulted from the Pentagon Papers release? a. The Nixon administration reassessed the United States involvement in the Vietnam War. b. President Johnson did not run for reelection. c. President Nixon ordered a break-in at the New York Times offices. d. The United States lost the Vietnam War. e. The Supreme Court reached a landmark freedom-of-the-press decision. ANS: E TOP: Vietnam and Watergate DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 1023 | Seagull p. 1040 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 2. Explain how Vietnam and the Watergate scandal affected popular trust in the government.

Q: As a result of Watergate, what happened to Richard Nixon? a. He became president. b. He resigned as president. c. He was impeached by the House. d. He was impeached by the House and convicted by the Senate. e. He fled the United States. ANS: B TOP: Vietnam and Watergate DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 1025 | Seagull p. 1042 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 2. Explain how Vietnam and the Watergate scandal affected popular trust in the government.

Q: How did the War Powers Act of 1973 change the powers of the presidency? a. It granted the president power to enact military law in emergency situations. b. It provided the push needed for President Nixon to win the Vietnam War. c. It empowered the president to manage the diplomatic relations of South Vietnam. d. It required congressional approval for the commitment of troops overseas. e. It prohibited the president from negotiating trade deals with warring nations. ANS: D TOP: Vietnam and Watergate DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1023 | Seagull p. 1040 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 2. Explain how Vietnam and the Watergate scandal affected popular trust in the government.

Q: The Church Committee revealed that since the beginning of the Cold War a. the CIA and FBI had engaged in abusive actions. b. the Catholic Church had secretly channeled funds to Third World countries fighting communism. c. every administration had traded arms for hostages behind the back of Congress. d. the Ku Klux Klan had been receiving funds from the FBI to sabotage the civil rights movement. e. the draft process had unfairly drafted the poor and minorities, while white, middle-class men were often exempt. ANS: A TOP: Vietnam and Watergate DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 1025 | Seagull pp. 10421043 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 2. Explain how Vietnam and the Watergate scandal affected popular trust in the government.

Q: Which of the following U.S. presidents used freedom as his watchword and invoked an image of America as the beacon of liberty and freedom? a. Richard Nixon b. Ronald Reagan c. Gerard Ford d. Earl Warren e. Nelson Rockefeller ANS: B TOP: Introduction DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1024 | Seagull p. 1032 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 4. Discuss the roots of the rise of conservatism in the 1970s.

Q: Two decades after the Vietnam War ended, which former secretary of defense regretted that the United States had entered the conflict? a. Lyndon Johnson b. Richard Nixon c. Robert McNamara d. Dean Rusk e. Eugene McCarthy ANS: C TOP: Vietnam and Watergate DIF: Easy REF: Full p. 1024 | Seagull p. 1041 MSC: Remembering OBJ: 2. Explain how Vietnam and the Watergate scandal affected popular trust in the government.

Q: The Vietnam Syndrome was a. the reluctance of Americans to send U.S. troops to an overseas conflict. b. the idea that the press influences the outcome of a war. c. the belief that soldiers who suffered post-traumatic stress disorders should be medically treated. d. the idea that the United States needed to stop all communist nations from expanding. e. the belief that the United States needed to isolate Vietnam from the rest of the world. ANS: A TOP: Vietnam and Watergate DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1024 | Seagull p. 1041 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 2. Explain how Vietnam and the Watergate scandal affected popular trust in the government.

Q: Vietnamization was a. the Viet Congs policy of immediate execution of defectors recaptured from the South Vietnamese army. b. Nixons term for the transformation of young people into real Americans when they refrained from protesting against the war. c. Nixons Vietnam strategy to have American troops gradually withdraw and South Vietnamese troops assume the fighting. d. the State Department program offering fast-tracked political asylum for South Vietnamese military officials and their families. e. the spread of American culture in South Vietnam to display the benefits of capitalism. ANS: C TOP: Vietnam and Watergate DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 1022 | Seagull p. 1039 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 2. Explain how Vietnam and the Watergate scandal affected popular trust in the government.

Q: What did events surrounding the Watergate break-in and cover-up suggest about Richard Nixon? a. Despite his involvement after the fact, he believed that even the president was not above the law. b. He was willing to condone illegal activity if it would silence his political enemies. c. His refusal to surrender the White House tapes initially showed strength and bolstered his standing with the American people. d. His paranoia about the power of the Johnson administration pushed him toward crime and corruption. e. He thought spying, even on Americans, was excusable during wars. ANS: B TOP: Vietnam and Watergate DIF: Moderate REF: Full pp. 10241025 | Seagull pp. 10411042 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 2. Explain how Vietnam and the Watergate scandal affected popular trust in the government.

Q: Which of the following statements is accurate of the 1965 Voting Rights Act? a. Its passage was prompted by fear of violent protests. b. It upheld the right of county officials to oversee black voter registration in cases where provided for by local statute. c. It empowered federal officials to oversee voter registration. d. It was strongly endorsed by President Nixon. e. Congress was slow to pass the act after the presidents speech. ANS: C TOP: Lyndon Johnsons Presidency DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 982 | Seagull p. 996 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 3. Examine the purposes and strategies of Johnsons Great Society programs.

Q: Examine the ways in which the opportunities of most Americans diminished in the 1970s. What did Nixons New Federalism do? a. It abolished international trade. b. It provided itemized budgets to states so that no federal money would be misspent. c. It offered federal block grants to states to spend as they saw fit. d. It attempted to reorganize the national banking system. e. It put more checkpoints into place to ensure that the right people were benefiting from welfare. ANS: C TOP: President Nixon DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 1016 | Seagull p. 1032 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Identify the major policies of the Nixon administration on social and economic issues.

Q: Discuss the roots of the rise of conservatism in the 1970s. Affirmative action was a. found unconstitutional during the Nixon administration. b. mandated by law only for construction workers. c. implemented only in Philadelphia. d. never a priority during the Nixon administration. e. first pursued and then abandoned by the Nixon administration. ANS: E TOP: President Nixon DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 1018 | Seagull p. 1033 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Identify the major policies of the Nixon administration on social and economic issues.

Q: Why did King decide to send black schoolchildren to protest in the streets of Birmingham? a. He believed they were the future. b. He believed the police would use force against them, and in return, he would use those images to build support for the civil rights movement. c. They were easily manipulated. d. He believed the image of children marching would show they had no schools in which to get an education. e. He knew it was a peaceful city and nothing would happen to them. ANS: B TOP: The Civil Rights Revolution DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 983 | Seagull p. 983 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Identify the major events in the civil rights movement in the early 1960s.

Q: Who was Martin Luther King Jr. addressing in his Letter from Birmingham Jail? a. Jim Crow b. a local clergyman c. white segregationists d. the president of the United States e. an international audience ANS: B TOP: The Civil Rights Revolution DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 983 | Seagull p. 986987 MSC: Understanding OBJ: 1. Identify the major events in the civil rights movement in the early 1960s.

Q: Analyze how the Reagan presidency affected Americans both at home and abroad. Multiple Choice Why did the fight over busing become so violent in Boston in the mid-1970s? a. In Boston, the racial divisions were between African-Americans and Puerto Ricans as well as whites. b. The African-American community in Boston consisted only of very recent migrants from the South. c. Bostons politicians called on local residents to fight the busing order by all means necessary. d. The tight-knit Irish-American community in South Boston fought integration violently. e. Boston was widely understood to have the best public school system in the country. ANS: D TOP: President Nixon DIF: Difficult REF: Full p. 1018 | Seagull p. 1035 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 1. Identify the major policies of the Nixon administration on social and economic issues.

Q: The Great Society a. included new health care, education, and urban development initiatives paid for with federal funds. b. established the Environmental Protection Agency. c. actually reduced federal power, as most of its programs were administered at the local level. d. was the derisive description applied by the conservative press to President Johnsons massive expansion of the federal government. e. dramatically worsened poverty for rural whites with its Medicare program. ANS: A TOP: Lyndon Johnsons Presidency DIF: Moderate REF: Full p. 983 | Seagull p. 997 MSC: Analyzing OBJ: 3. Examine the purposes and strategies of Johnsons Great Society programs.