Q&A Hero

Q: Which statement is true about the coming of emancipation? a. President Lincoln declared total emancipation a necessity immediately after the Confederacy fired the first shots of the war in April 1861. b. Enslaved people helped to propel the United States toward emancipation by escaping to Union lines. c. The Radical Republicans opposed emancipation. d. Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation even though he thought it was politically and militarily unnecessary. e. Most Democrats supported emancipation.

Q: During the Civil War, the term contraband camps referred to a. camps in which materials such as rifles and gunpowder were kept. b. camps of southern slaves who had escaped from their masters and entered Union lines. c. training grounds for the youthful musicians who played to raise the morale of the troops. d. holding areas for items seized by customs agents for failure to pay tariffs. e. places near battlefields where the Union army temporarily kept Confederate prisoners.

Q: Which is evidence of the northern response to the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation? a. Free blacks began enlisting in the Union army in large numbers in 1862. b. A group of Democratic senators challenged the Proclamations legality through the Supreme Court. c. Lincoln expanded the scope of the Proclamations reach before signing the final version. d. The Democrats made support for abolition an official part of their platform. e. The Republicans lost key elections in 1862.

Q: The major Confederate army in the East, commanded by Robert E. Lee, was called the Army of a. the Rappahannock. b. the Blue Ridge. c. Southern Maryland. d. the Chesapeake. e. Northern Virginia.

Q: Which was responsible for the greatest number of deaths among soldiers during the Civil War? a. maltreatment in prisoner-of-war camps b. injuries caused by bombs and grenades c. rifle wounds d. disease e. starvation

Q: Monitor and Merrimack were a. ironclad ships. b. steam locomotives. c. battle sites in Virginia. d. nicknames of Generals Grant and Lee. e. names of rifles.

Q: Which of the following became an established business as a result of the Civil War? a. the penny press b. printed sheet music c. photography d. lithography e. political campaign management

Q: What was the most important piece of technology during the Civil War? a. primitive hand grenade b. ironclad ship c. observation balloon d. rifle e. telegraph

Q: Approximately how many Union and Confederate soldiers died during the Civil War? a. 110,000 b. 245,00 c. 440,000 d. 750,000 e. 988,000

Q: Which hampered the Norths ability to mobilize resources for the war effort? a. lack of legal ability for the federal government to raise taxes b. no rail system linking key armories and forts c. considerable public support for the Confederacy d. the lack of a national bank system e. the lack of a navy

Q: Which strategy did General Robert E. Lee follow most consistently during the war? a. fighting a defensive war, with the hope that the enemy would simply grow tired of fighting b. conquering and occupying territory in the border states c. attempting to capture Washington, D.C., and arrest Abraham Lincoln d. launching sporadic, vicious attacks and then withdrawing to gather strength for the next attack e. forcing the enemy to commit to battles that would incur large numbers of casualties

Q: The scale of Civil War bloodshed was comparable to that of which other conflict? a. War of the Triple Alliance b. War of 1812 c. Revolutionary War d. Spanish-American War e. Vietnam War

Q: Which was a strength of George McClellan as a general? a. He was very effective at organizing and training troops. b. He had a zealous commitment to the war as a means to end slavery. c. He saved lives by limiting the number of troops used during battles. d. He had an uncanny ability to assess the size of enemy forces. e. He was willing to take quick and decisive action.

Q: At the first Battle of Bull Run a. spectators from the city came to watch. b. the Union won a smashing victory. c. both sides suffered more casualties than they did in any other single day during the war. d. the Confederates swept northward and briefly captured Washington, D.C. e. General Grant made a name for himself.

Q: In what way was the Civil War unprecedented? a. The Civil War was the least destructive of human life of all American wars. b. Reporters and photographers provided the public with an unprecedented degree of information. c. Women served as army officers for the first time. d. The Civil War was the first American war in which neither side used war propaganda to shape public opinion. e. The Civil War was the first American war in which black soldiers fought.

Q: Which characterizes Grants abilities as a general? a. ruthless in his treatment of enemy soldiers and of civilians in enemy territory b. a brilliant organizer who could be overly hesitant to commit his troops to battle c. highly effective in holding territory, but unable to achieve significant advances d. a cautious and intelligent steward of those under his command e. a daring yet logical strategist who wasnt afraid to incur high casualties for strategic aims

Q: Among the Confederacys advantages during the Civil War was a. that its rail network was more advanced than the Unions. b. its large size, which made it more difficult for the Union to conquer. c. that the Lower South had long had significant manufacturing facilities. d. that its military-aged white male population was slightly larger than the Unions. e. that so many of its men volunteered to fight that it never resorted to a draft.

Q: What did fighting a defensive war mean for the Confederates? a. The Confederate soldiers could sleep in their own beds at night. b. It was a strategy that Robert E. Lee did not agree to use. c. Since the weapon technology was basically equal, it was an advantage for the Confederates. d. This strategy did not work because the Union used the same defensive tactics. e. The aggressive Union armies would put a quick end to the war.

Q: The majority of men who fought for the Union army were a. southerners. b. farm boys, shopkeepers, artisans, and urban workers. c. experienced veterans. d. wealthy. e. manufacturers, bankers, and entrepreneurs.

Q: The majority of men who fought for the Confederate army were a. immigrants. b. slaveowners. c. non-slaveholding small farmers. d. enslaved black men. e. urban workers.

Q: Compare and contrast the leadership abilities of wartime presidents Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis. How significant was each mans leadership to the course of the war?

Q: How did the war affect the economies of the North and of the South?

Q: What strategy did General Grant ultimately adopt to achieve victory for the Union, and why did he do so? Why was his strategy criticized?

Q: Describe the changes in Lincolns thinking that led to the Civil War being waged as a total war.

Q: Using Lincolns speech at the Baltimore Sanitary Fair in 1864 (excerpted in Voices of Freedom), explain how Lincoln defined liberty. How does this speech reflect a change in his thinking from 1861? Why do you think Lincoln had to change his thinking to achieve victory in this war?

Q: Blacks eagerly signed up for service in the army and navy after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued. Describe the life of a black soldier. How did it differ from the experiences of black sailors? Overall, how important were black servicemen in the outcome of the war? Finally, discuss what fighting in the war meant to these men.

Q: Frederick Douglass declared, The work does not end with the abolition of slavery, but only begins. In a thoughtful essay, discuss what you foresee as the work that will need to be done to secure freedom and liberty for the ex-slaves. Is emancipation enough? Why or why not?

Q: Lincoln observed in 1864 that we all declare for liberty but in using the same word we do not all mean the same thing. He continued to explain what the North meant and what the South meant, and how victory meant a national norm as defined by the North. Illustrate how liberty would come to be understood for the nation after the Civil War and analyze whether the abolishment of slavery was enough to propel the United States to finally exist as its founding documents suggested it should.

Q: Discuss and compare the dress rehearsals for Reconstruction in South Carolina, Louisiana, and Mississippi from a civil rights and economic perspective. Analyze Lincolns initial plans for restoring the Union.

Q: The example of German immigrant Marcus Spiegel demonstrated that a. freedom motivated the immigration of Irish immigrants, but pursuit of economic success motivated German immigrants. b. the significant Jewish population in the United States was ambivalent about the issues that caused the Civil War. c. the views of average Americans evolved considerably during the course of the Civil War. d. Democrats were unwilling to go to war with a Republican president in the White House. e. while Jews were few in number, their role at the Battle of Gettysburg made military heroes of many of them.

Q: What is one reason the Civil War is often called the first modern war? a. Industrial technology had created deadlier weapons. b. Casualties were lower than previous wars due to more precise weaponry. c. International law prevented mistreatment of prisoners of war. d. There was no draft. e. Modern medical technology prevented disease and deaths from injuries.

Q: The Sea Islands Experiment demonstrated how ex-slaves could be gainfully employed, educated, and well provided for.

Q: In Lincolns Ten-Percent Plan, blacks played a prominent role in Reconstruction.

Q: The Wade-Davis Bill was the Democrats proposed Reconstruction plan.

Q: What did the Union soldiers believe they were fighting for? What did the Confederate soldiers believe they were fighting for?

Q: What was the basic premise of the Confederate government? What advantages did the Confederacy have, and why did its leaders think victory would be theirs?

Q: The New York City draft riots, begun as an attempt to resist the draft, turned into an assault on the citys black population.

Q: King Cotton diplomacy was intended to promote economic self-sufficiency in the South and force England to intervene on the side of the Confederacy.

Q: Desertion was a major problem in the Union army, but occurred only occasionally in the Confederate army.

Q: In a few instances, people loyal to the Union were executed as traitors in the Confederacy.

Q: Remaining loyal to the Union was a dangerous stance in the Confederate South, as Georgia in 1861 passed a law making this act punishable by death.

Q: By the third year of the Civil War, the Union had achieved great victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg.

Q: Major General George Pickett led a charge, aptly known as Picketts Charge, during the Second Battle at Bull Run.

Q: George McClellan ran for president in 1864, pledging to end the Civil War.

Q: During the Civil War, the North and the South both presented their cause as a fight for freedom and liberty.

Q: Black Union soldiers captured by the Confederates faced sale into slavery or immediate execution.

Q: Both the Confederacy and the Union violated their citizens civil liberties during the war.

Q: With the Union victory at Glorieta Pass, the Confederate attempt at extending slavery west of Texas ended.

Q: During the Civil War, all Navajo men were forced to fight for the Union army.

Q: During the Civil War, the types of work that were considered appropriate for women expanded.

Q: Lincoln raised the money to pay for the war mostly through an income tax.

Q: The provision of the Union draft law allowing individuals to provide a substitute or buy their way out of the army caused widespread indignation.

Q: Since Robert E. Lees army did not retreat, the North could not claim Antietam as a victory.

Q: Lincolns primary purpose in raising troops in 1861 to put down the southern rebellion was to restore the Union.

Q: In the early days of the war, northern military commanders returned fugitive slaves to their owners.

Q: The Emancipation Proclamation represented a turning point in Lincolns own thinking.

Q: Fewer than 50,000 blacks served in the Union army during the war.

Q: Historians refer to the Civil War as the Second American Revolution because it resulted in the creation of a new Bill of Rights.

Q: How did Frederick Douglass describe the abolition of slavery? a. as the beginning of a new task for the nation b. as the crowning achievement of his life c. as an indication that white people were just and good-hearted d. as confirmation that Lincoln was a savior to the nation e. as a precursor to the establishment of separate states for freed slaves

Q: Besides ending slavery, the Civil War had what result? a. The government ignored the rights of African-Americans. b. It increased the power of small landowning farmers and shopkeepers. c. It shifted power from slave-owning planters to northern capitalists. d. It greatly expanded the powers of the presidency. e. It weakened the power of the federal government.

Q: Colonel John Chivington is remembered for a. becoming a martyr when tortured and killed by Sioux warriors. b. leading the cavalry charge that turned back a Confederate assault at Shiloh. c. his refusal to surrender his Confederate troops until weeks after Lees final surrender. d. organizing a band of pro-Union Creek Indians who fought bravely at Vicksburg. e. leading an attack that killed perhaps 150 Indian men, women, and children.

Q: ___ 1. Ulysses S. Grant ___ 2. Jefferson Davis ___ 3. Thaddeus Stevens ___ 4. George McClellan ___ 5. Robert E. Lee ___ 6. Abraham Lincoln ___ 7. Elizabeth Van Lew ___ 8. John Fr mont ___ 9. Laura Towne ___ 10. William T. Sherman ___ 11. Clara Barton ___ 12. Alexander Stephens a. 1864 Democratic presidential candidate b. challenged Lincoln for the 1864 Republican nomination c. vice president of the Confederacy d. American National Red Cross e. southern spy for the Union f. president of the Confederacy g. Radical Republican from Pennsylvania h. practiced a war of attrition i. surrendered to General Grant j. favored a Ten-Percent Plan of Reconstruction k. teacher on the Sea Islands l. marched through the South

Q: ___ 1. Navajos Long Walk ___ 2. Bull Run ___ 3. Copperheads ___ 4. King Cotton diplomacy ___ 5. Antietam ___ 6. Emancipation Proclamation ___ 7. contrabands ___ 8. Appomattox ___ 9. Picketts Charge ___ 10. Confederate capital ___ 11. Crittenden Compromise ___ 12. Negro paradise a. escaped slaves b. deadliest day in American history c. Richmond d. Union commitment to not interfere with slavery e. surrender of the Confederacy f. relied on British support g. Gettysburg h. another Trail of Tears i. freed slaves j. spectators came to watch k. northern opponents of the war l. established by Grant

Q: The start of the Civil War inspired patriotic feelings in both the Union and the Confederacy.

Q: Medical knowledge had made great strides in the first half of the nineteenth century; thus, few soldiers died from wounds, infections, or diseases during the Civil War.

Q: A day after a battle, many Americans were able to read about it in their daily newspaper.

Q: The Union naval blockade was very effective early in the war.

Q: General Sherman marched from Atlanta to the sea in order to a. link up with Grants army. b. engage Lee in battle. c. demoralize the Souths civilian population. d. secure Richmond for the Union. e. free Union prisoners at Andersonville.

Q: Abraham Lincoln realized that his armies had to capture the Confederate capital, Richmond, in order to win the war.

Q: The Thirteenth Amendment a. abolished slavery throughout the United States. b. was strongly supported by Democrats in 1864. c. set up a gradual plan of emancipation. d. defined U.S. citizenship to include African-Americans. e. specifically gave black men the right to vote.

Q: Lincolns second inaugural address a. blamed the South for the war. b. described the Civil War as divine punishment. c. blamed the North for the war. d. proved to be his final speech. e. called for black suffrage.

Q: The Thirteenth Amendment a. introduced the word slavery into the Constitution. b. was ratified by the states in January 1865. c. granted women the right to vote. d. was opposed by the Radical Republicans. e. abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States, with no exceptions.

Q: President Abraham Lincoln a. lived to see the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution. b. still opposed all voting rights for African-Americans at the time of his assassination. c. was unwilling to change or expand his views on slavery and race over the course of his presidency. d. called for, in his second inaugural address in March 1865, retribution against the South for its sins of slavery and war. e. suggested, in his second inaugural address in March 1865, that the whole nation was complicit in the sin of slavery.

Q: In his last speech, Lincoln said what regarding postwar policy? a. Democracy demanded that African-Americans should play leading roles in southern politics. b. Southern whites would never concede defeat, so Reconstruction must be mild. c. He would defer to Radical Republicans in Congress. d. There should be at least limited black suffrage. e. Large southern planters should be made to pay dearly for having caused the war.

Q: How was Ulysses Grant received in Europe during his tour in the 1870s? a. He was regarded as a mediocre military leader. b. He was praised as a Hero of Freedom. c. He was heralded as greater than Lincoln. d. He was criticized widely for his war of attrition. e. He was booed by workers as a capitalist tool.

Q: What separated Grant from the other Union generals who commanded the Army of the Potomac? a. Grant was the only one who went to the U.S. Military Academy. b. The other generals were or had been slaveholders. c. Grant was willing to wage a war of attrition. d. The other generals had more respect and trust from Abraham Lincoln. e. Grant was not as aggressive on the battlefield as the other commanders.

Q: Which was demonstrated by the Sea Islands Experiment and other early trials with Reconstruction? a. The primary goal of former slaves was education. b. Most former slaves wanted to own their own land. c. Former slaves were grateful to work under contract for pay, even if the wages were low. d. Few former slaves chose to stay in the South. e. Former slaves had little interest in participating in politics.

Q: The Sea Islands Experiment refers to a. northern reformers efforts to assist former slaves with the transition to freedom. b. the Confederacys trial use of slaves as soldiers along the South Carolina coast. c. a U.S. government plan to introduce advanced technology to southern farming in order to decrease the need for slaves. d. the unsuccessful effort of General Ulysses Grant to allow former slaves to run their own farms in Mississippi. e. the code name for the Confederate navys submarine-building program.

Q: The Sea Islands Experiment a. resulted in the federal government distributing the land on the islands among the 10,000 formerly enslaved people who lived there. b. was deemed a failure by 1865 because it made no provision for the education of formerly enslaved residents. c. was kept secret from the American public. d. centered on formerly enslaved families working for wages on land owned by northern investors. e. was deemed a failure by 1865 because black families housing and food quality had declined.

Q: After the capture of Vicksburg, the Union army established a labor system in Louisiana and the Mississippi Valley that a. plantation owners were satisfied with, but formerly enslaved people were not. b. formerly enslaved people were satisfied with, but plantation owners were not. c. established the basis for economic independence for black families through landownership. d. required emancipated slaves sign labor contracts for paid wages with white plantation owners. e. made no provision for black workers to obtain education or protection from violence and family separation.