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History & Theory
Q:
The Sea Islands Experiment refers to
a. northern reformers efforts to assist former slaves with the transition to freedom.
b. the Confederacys trial use of slaves as soldiers along the South Carolina coast.
c. a U.S. government plan to introduce advanced technology to southern farming in order to decrease the need for slaves.
d. the unsuccessful effort of General Ulysses Grant to allow former slaves to run their own farms in Mississippi.
e. the code name for the Confederate navys submarine-building program.
Q:
The Sea Islands Experiment
a. resulted in the federal government distributing the land on the islands among the 10,000 formerly enslaved people who lived there.
b. was deemed a failure by 1865 because it made no provision for the education of formerly enslaved residents.
c. was kept secret from the American public.
d. centered on formerly enslaved families working for wages on land owned by northern investors.
e. was deemed a failure by 1865 because black families housing and food quality had declined.
Q:
After the capture of Vicksburg, the Union army established a labor system in Louisiana and the Mississippi Valley that
a. plantation owners were satisfied with, but formerly enslaved people were not.
b. formerly enslaved people were satisfied with, but plantation owners were not.
c. established the basis for economic independence for black families through landownership.
d. required emancipated slaves sign labor contracts for paid wages with white plantation owners.
e. made no provision for black workers to obtain education or protection from violence and family separation.
Q:
In the middle of the war, what did Lincoln hope to accomplish with his Ten-Percent Plan of Reconstruction?
a. He wanted to weaken the cause of the radical abolitionists.
b. He wanted rich slaveowners to pay 10 percent of their family wealth to the federal government in return for amnesty.
c. He hoped 10 percent of the southern slaves would be freed automatically in all the Confederate states.
d. He sought to expand slavery in Mississippi and lessen it in Missouri.
e. He wanted to weaken the Confederacy and shorten the war.
Q:
Lincolns Ten-Percent Plan of Reconstruction
a. guaranteed that blacks would hold at least 10 percent of the seats in Congress.
b. offered amnesty and full restoration of property rights (except property in slaves) to white southerners who took an oath of loyalty to the Union and supported emancipation.
c. was supported by most free blacks in New Orleans.
d. was supported by most Radical Republicans.
e. guaranteed that black southerners would have a role in shaping the post-slavery order.
Q:
The Wade-Davis Bill in 1864
a. received strong support from congressional Democrats but not from Republicans.
b. called for at least two-thirds of a southern states voters to take a loyalty oath.
c. showed Radical Republicans frustration with Lincolns Reconstruction plan.
d. was the model for Lincolns later Ten-Percent Plan.
e. failed to receive sufficient votes in the Senate and therefore died.
Q:
The Wade-Davis Bill
a. called for implementing Lincolns Ten-Percent Plan.
b. would establish the right to vote for black men.
c. would guarantee equality before the law for African-Americans.
d. was supported by Lincoln.
e. became law in 1863.
Q:
King Cotton diplomacy led Great Britain to
a. find new supplies of cotton outside the South.
b. recognize the independence of the Confederate States of America.
c. repudiate the Emancipation Proclamation.
d. use its warships to break the Union blockade.
e. stage multiple raids from Canada into the Upper Northwest.
Q:
What was ironic about the Confederate government?
a. This new centralized government became stronger than the national government had been before the war.
b. The leadership found little need for slaves doing fieldwork during the war.
c. The Confederacy openly encouraged other countries to grow cotton.
d. Jefferson Davis led troops into battle.
e. The government wanted to end slavery in the Caribbean and then bring those slaves to the South.
Q:
Which industry declined during the Civil War?
a. iron
b. coal
c. cotton
d. boots and shoes
e. meat
Q:
King Cotton diplomacy resulted in
a. a steep increase in wartime cotton production in the Confederacy.
b. Britain supporting the Confederacy in the Civil War.
c. postwar impoverishment of cotton farmers around the world.
d. a sustained global shortage of cotton because no other nations could produce it.
e. a global increase in cotton prices for several decades.
Q:
Which statement is true about the Confederacy?
a. At the beginning of the war, a majority of white southerners opposed the Confederate cause.
b. As the war progressed, a significant number of yeoman families suffered financially.
c. Planters began to feel they were unfairly shouldering the financial burdens of the war.
d. The Confederate draft had no allowance for paying for a substitute.
e. The Confederacy levied heavy taxes on elite planters.
Q:
What caused economic problems for the Confederacy?
a. within the first year of the war, a majority of slaves refusing to do work
b. the abundance of food and cotton creating a buyers market
c. the issuing of paper money
d. an influx of immigrants creating high unemployment
e. heavy taxing of large plantation owners
Q:
How did southern women respond to food shortages during the Civil War?
a. Many abandoned their family farms and fled to the cities.
b. A small number planted, harvested, and sold their crops through all-female cooperatives.
c. They petitioned the government in large numbers for relief.
d. Some forced their slaves to steal food from army storehouses.
e. Many defected to the North where food was more plentiful.
Q:
Rose Greenhow
a. was president of the American National Red Cross.
b. worked as a nurse in the Union army.
c. was a Confederate spy in Washington, D.C.
d. was a Union soldier who hid her gender from the troops.
e. was a slave under the Emancipation Proclamation.
Q:
Which is true of slaves and the Confederate army?
a. Robert E. Lee had petitioned for slaves to serve as soldiers at the outset of the war.
b. The majority of slaves willingly fought alongside their masters.
c. The Confederate government never authorized enlisting slaves as soldiers.
d. Numerous slaves worked as laborers for the Confederate military throughout the war.
e. Most slaveholders supported their slaves serving as soldiers for the Confederacy.
Q:
Which of the following could explain why Robert E. Lee invaded the North in 1863?
a. He hoped to liberate Confederate soldiers in a prisoner-of-war camp in Pennsylvania.
b. He wanted to destroy northern factories that were producing weapons.
c. He wanted revenge for Stonewall Jacksons death.
d. He hoped to destroy the railroad junction at Gettysburg.
e. He hoped to destroy the morale of the Union army.
Q:
Which is the largest battle ever fought on the North American continent?
a. Battle of Gettysburg
b. Battle of Antietam
c. Battle of Vicksburg
d. First Battle of Bull Run
e. Battle of Shiloh
Q:
In July 1863, the Union won two key victories that are often identified as turning points in the war. These victories occurred at
a. Wilmington, North Carolina, and New Orleans, Louisiana.
b. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and Vicksburg, Mississippi.
c. Lexington, Kentucky, and Charleston, South Carolina.
d. Antietam Creek, Maryland, and Appomattox Court House, Virginia.
e. Fort Donelson, Tennessee, and Cold Harbor, Virginia.
Q:
Why was Vicksburg essential?
a. Capturing the city allowed the Union to control the entire Mississippi River.
b. Stonewall Jackson lost his life there.
c. It served as a gateway to the Appalachian Mountains.
d. Before the Civil War, the port in this city had shipped more cotton than any other.
e. It guarded the Gulf of Mexico.
Q:
Which quality of Abraham Lincolns leadership is demonstrated in his 1864 address at the Baltimore Sanitary Fair?
a. his detailed and nuanced knowledge of the Constitution
b. his depiction of black Americans as intellectually equal to whites
c. his skill with religious language and metaphor
d. his ability to connect with people through familiar, folksy language
e. his tendency to blame slave owners for driving the nation to war
Q:
What was the spark for a deadly riot in New York in 1863?
a. food shortages
b. a military draft
c. peace negotiations with the South
d. Irish immigrants being asked not to serve
e. opposition to the Thirteenth Amendment
Q:
Which of the following is true of Jefferson Davis and his governing?
a. Although Davis had a poor prewar reputation as an orator, his speechmaking rose to new heights as the Confederacys president.
b. His administration actually suffered from the Confederacys lack of political parties.
c. He had Lincolns common touch, but the lack of newspapers in the South reduced his ability to communicate it.
d. He strongly opposed centralizing authority in the Confederacys Richmond government.
e. On more than one occasion, Davis, a West Point alumnus, led Confederate troops into battle.
Q:
Captains of industry like steel magnate Andrew Carnegie and oil man John D. Rockefeller
a. began creating or consolidating their fortunes during the Civil War.
b. benefited after the war from the respect their military service earned for them.
c. became important advisers to President Lincoln.
d. voluntarily provided important resources to the war effort.
e. made millions bilking southerners who were buying war bonds.
Q:
What was a result of the expanding Union economy?
a. The government borrowed great amounts of money from overseas.
b. The protective tariff decreased, bringing with it free trade.
c. The size and spending of the government increased tremendously.
d. The Union could buy the freedom of many slaves in the Confederacy.
e. Factory jobs decreased as professional jobs increased.
Q:
During the Civil War, northern white women
a. staged bread riots in major cities to protest food shortages.
b. began obtaining jobs as government clerks.
c. were recruited to sell war bonds door-to-door.
d. were allowed to accompany their husbands into battle if they did not have children.
e. demonstrated outside the White House in favor of the Emancipation Proclamation.
Q:
During the Civil War, northern women
a. campaigned more vigorously for womens suffrage than ever before.
b. found new permanent places in the fields of nursing, government, and retail sales.
c. were replaced by men in the field of nursing.
d. were not allowed to work in factories.
e. were granted the right to vote by Congress.
Q:
How does Thomas Drayton depict the Confederate cause in his letter of April 1861?
a. as the enactment of Gods plan for America
b. as a step toward the creation of two separate but equal nations in America
c. as a battle for the liberty of white Southerners
d. as a defensive war against Northern aggression
e. as a defense of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights
Q:
Which aspect of the Civil War does Thomas Draytons letter of April 1861 illustrate?
a. Both the North and the South believed that God was on their side.
b. The Civil War split families, with brother sometimes fighting against brother.
c. Slaves felt that the war was being fought for their freedom from the start.
d. The Confederacy held the advantage of fighting a defensive war.
e. The leadership of Robert E. Lee was an essential strength for the Confederacy.
Q:
The U.S. Sanitary Commission
a. was the first major organization to be run entirely by women.
b. raised money for the families of soldiers on both sides.
c. coordinated war donations on the northern home front.
d. was the nations first garbage-collection agency.
e. introduced the idea of germ theory to Civil War hospitals.
Q:
Who lobbied for the United States to endorse the First Geneva Convention of 1864?
a. Clara Barton
b. Elizabeth Van Lew
c. Zebulon Vance
d. Bret Harte
e. Harriet Beecher Stowe
Q:
Copperheads were
a. what Republicans called northern opponents of the war.
b. supporters of minting more copper coins to inflate the currency.
c. advocates of creating the Third Bank of the United States.
d. southern whites who opposed the Confederacy.
e. the strongest supporters of emancipation.
Q:
The Union draft law
a. allowed wealthy men to hire a substitute or buy their way out of military service.
b. required rich and poor alike to serve equally in the Union army.
c. was supported by Irish immigrants in New York City.
d. increased support for the war among working-class Catholics in northeastern cities.
e. resulted in Andrew Carnegie, John Rockefeller, and Jay Gould suspending their business operations in order to fight in the Union army.
Q:
Which issue did Abraham Lincoln address in his 1864 address at the Baltimore Sanitary Fair?
a. the necessity of limited civil liberties during the war
b. the danger of voting against him during the middle of a war
c. the responsibility of Northerners to care for freed slaves
d. the future of the South under Reconstruction
e. the North and Souths differing understandings of the word liberty
Q:
What happened to Cherokee slaveholders after the Civil War?
a. They were slaughtered.
b. They were forced to leave the United States.
c. They were forced to give former slaves some of their land.
d. They were forced to march to Oklahoma.
e. They had land given to them by the federal government.
Q:
Which statement is true about the Civil War and Indians in the West?
a. The Civil War had little impact on Indians in the West.
b. The Union treated Indian tribes more leniently than the Confederacy did.
c. During the war, the Union army forced 8,000 Navajo to move to a reservation.
d. Conflicts between white settlers and Indians in the West were suspended during the Civil War.
e. The Union suspended all military actions against Indian tribes during the Civil War.
Q:
How can the treatment of Native Americans by the Confederacy be characterized?
a. They were given access to millions of acres of land.
b. They were ignored by Jefferson Davis.
c. They received scorn from the Confederacy due to some Native Americans siding with the Union.
d. They were given a say in the Confederate government.
e. The Confederates appreciated Native Americans serving as peacemakers, bringing an end to the Civil War.
Q:
Greenback was a Civil Warera nickname for
a. sailors.
b. draft dodgers.
c. members of the Irish Brigade.
d. paper money.
e. any Confederate soldier.
Q:
Wartime economic policies
a. decreased the power and size of the federal government.
b. benefited laborers at the expense of employers.
c. benefited the agricultural sector at the expense of industry.
d. hurt entrepreneurs such as Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller.
e. benefited northern manufacturers, railroad men, and financiers.
Q:
What did Emerson mean by Mexico will poison us? Was he right? Why or why not?
Q:
Many Americans and immigrants from other lands believed California presented a magnificent opportunity for economic freedom once gold was discovered. However, the boundaries of freedom were tightly drawn in California. Explain the expansions and limitations of freedom there.
Q:
Analyze the arguments of the Free Soil Party. How did its members understand freedom? How did slavery fit into their platform?
Q:
Thinking back to previous chapters, fully explain how the forces of the market revolution heightened the tension between freedom and slavery.
Q:
Explain how the various parties reacted to the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Be sure to discuss why the Whig Party failed, why the Democratic Party split, and why the Republican Party started. How did each party view slavery and define freedom?
Q:
Using the Lincoln-Douglas debates, explore how each man viewed freedom. What can their political debates tell us about American society on the eve of the Civil War?
Q:
Analyze Roger Taneys decision in the Dred Scott case. How did the ruling mirror the sectional debates that had been occurring in Congress? What consequences did the decision have on the liberties and freedoms of blacks in America?
Q:
Examine the aftermath of the Mexican War for Tejanos in the Texas borderland. What were the consequences for Mexicans, Indians, slaves, and free blacks in the newly acquired areas of not only Texas but also New Mexico and California? Think back to Thomas Jeffersons idea of an Empire of Liberty. Did the newly acquired land from the Mexican War promote Jeffersons idea, or as with the Louisiana Purchase, was it an empire of liberty for only a few?
Q:
How do you explain why and when certain slave states seceded from the Union? Why did some slave statesDelaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missourinot secede from the Union?
Q:
The Civil War proved to be disastrous for which noncombatants?
a. slaves in Maryland
b. slaves in South Carolina
c. Iroquois
d. Navajos
e. pacifist abolitionists
Q:
Which is true of Union and Confederate leadership during the Civil War?
a. Lincoln suffered from a reputation for being indecisive throughout the war.
b. Daviss main strength was as a military commander.
c. Lincoln applied lessons learned during his brief period as a slaveholder to his policies concerning black soldiers.
d. Lincoln displayed an ability to put practical concerns above ideals.
e. Davis had an uncanny ability to connect with his citizens.
Q:
The slave states of the Upper South reacted more favorably to Lincolns election than did the slave states of the Lower South.
Q:
Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 presidential election without a single vote in ten southern states.
Q:
By the time Lincoln actually took the oath of office, seven states had already seceded from the Union.
Q:
Did morality or economics dominate the debates over slavery in the 1850s? Explain the various arguments made for and against the expansion of slavery. Who, if anyone, was arguing for abolition?
Q:
John OSullivan declared that race was the key to the history of nations and the rise and fall of empires. How accurate do you think that statement was? Why?
Q:
Kansas was admitted to the United States as a slave state in 1858.
Q:
The free labor ideology assumed that free labor could not compete with slave labor and so slaverys expansion had to be halted to ensure freedom for the white laborer.
Q:
Prior to becoming president in 1857, James Buchanan did not have much political experience.
Q:
Abraham Lincolns early views on race and slavery were focused on increasing economic opportunities for free blacks.
Q:
Moderate Republicans like Abraham Lincoln supported the Dred Scott decision.
Q:
The Lincoln-Douglas debates, although considered significant in American political history, were sparsely attended.
Q:
John Brown perpetuated violence over the slavery issue in only Virginia.
Q:
The Ostend Manifesto suggested seizing all of Mexico, rather than just the Mexican Cession, during the Mexican War.
Q:
Abraham Lincolns discussion of slavery as a dying institution was the catalyst for the first seven states seceding from the Union.
Q:
The Californios controlled the labor of Indian tribes.
Q:
The revolutions of 1848 in Europe are indicative of a lasting democratic shift in western European societies.
Q:
The Wilmot Proviso never passed as a law.
Q:
Unlike most previous presidents, James Polk was not a slaveholder.
Q:
The Free Soil idea in the West appealed to racist northerners who worried about competing against black laborers.
Q:
The issue of Texas annexation was hotly linked to slavery and affected the nominations of presidential candidates in the 1840s.
Q:
The Fugitive Slave Act provided for the return of runaway slaves to their owners.
Q:
The Appeal of the Independent Democrats was not a very effective piece of political persuasion.
Q:
Landowners of Spanish heritage in California were forced to accept a new national identity after the Mexican-American War.
Q:
The development of railroads and the economic integration of the Northeast and Northwest created the groundwork for the political unification of the Republican Party.
Q:
Nativism emerged as a major political movement in 1854 with the sudden appearance of the Liberty Party.
Q:
The Mexican War was the first American conflict to be fought primarily on foreign soil.
Q:
After Texas independence, the Tejanos lost rights and access to land.
Q:
The explosive population growth and competition for gold brought cooperation among Californias many racial and ethnic groups as they worked together for wealth.
Q:
As it divided over the issue of slavery, the Catholic Church broke into northern and southern branches.
Q:
Which statement is true about the Confederacy?
a. The cornerstone of the Confederacy was the racist belief that whites were racially superior and blacks natural condition was to be enslaved.
b. The majority of whites in the Confederate states were slaveholders in 1860.
c. The majority of whites in the Confederate states believed in free labor ideology.
d. All whites in the Confederate states had supported secession.
e. Most poor whites in Confederate states believed they would achieve economic independence if slavery were abolished.