Q&A Hero

Q: Which statement is true regarding the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? a. The treaty was designed to prevent the separation of families and the interruption of established trade routes. b. The treaty protected the rights of Indians in the ceded territory to maintain their homelands and hunting grounds. c. The treaty had little impact on Mexican citizens because only about 10,000 people lived in the Mexican Cession. d. The treaty nullified the property rights of large Mexican landholders in California. e. The treaty ceded California and present-day New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and Utah to the United States.

Q: Which is true of California in the 1850s? a. Thousands of Indian children were bought and sold as slaves. b. Thousands of free blacks were paid minimal wages to work the worst jobs in the mining camps. c. Voting rights were extended to all white men, including immigrants from Asia, but denied to Indians and free blacks. d. Indian communities prospered by renting land and selling supplies to gold miners. e. Wealthy Mexican landowners dominated the new state government.

Q: In the first half of the nineteenth century, the United States gained the most territory through a. purchasing territory from Russia. b. a treaty with Great Britain. c. purchasing territory from France. d. wars with Mexico. e. purchasing territory from Spain.

Q: Which was a result of the United States victory in the Mexican War? a. Mexico imposed a trade embargo against the United States. b. Native Americans seized control of ports in Southern California. c. Control over valuable trading ports on the West Coast created a trading boom with the Far East. d. Tensions with Great Britain arose over control of Pacific trade routes. e. The U.S. Army suffered significant losses of men and equipment.

Q: What role did attitudes toward race have in the territory acquired from the Mexican War? a. White superiority was challenged by the accomplishments of Tejano residents. b. Only people classified as whites gained full rights. c. The Texas Constitution adopted the Mexican practice of considering people of all backgrounds equal before the law. d. Free blacks were offered free land in hopes of boosting the American-born population. e. An underclass of destitute whites came to be viewed as a separate racial category.

Q: According to John L. OSullivans Democratic Review, what was the key to the history of nations and the rise and fall of empires? a. race b. democracy c. economic freedom d. slavery e. printing

Q: Which was true of the constitution of independent Texas? a. It imposed a five-year ban of the importation of slaves. b. It denied rights to people of color that they had enjoyed when Mexico controlled Texas. c. It offered voting rights to free blacks who met property qualifications. d. It included provisions for an independent Comanche tribal government. e. Land sales by private sellers were prohibited.

Q: Which statement is true about the concept of race in the United States in the nineteenth century? a. Race was a vague notion; for example, the Anglo-Saxon race was defined largely as the opposite of being black, Hispanic, Indian, or Catholic. b. U.S. aggression against Mexico, a sovereign republic, led most Americans to reject the idea that Anglo-Saxon Protestants were an innately liberty-loving race. c. The concept of manifest destiny held that all races and cultures are equal. d. The concept of race did not yet exist in the nineteenth century. e. The concept of race had largely been discredited as merely a social construct.

Q: Which two political figures agreed to keep the issue of annexing Texas out of the 1844 presidential campaign if possible? a. John Tyler and John C. Calhoun b. Henry Clay and Daniel Webster c. Henry Clay and Martin Van Buren d. Henry Clay and James Polk e. Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams

Q: Who wrote On Civil Disobedience as a response to the U.S. war with Mexico? a. Abraham Lincoln b. Ralph Waldo Emerson c. David Walker d. David Wilmot e. Henry David Thoreau

Q: Which of the following was a critic of the Mexican War? a. Zachary Taylor b. James K. Polk c. Ulysses S. Grant d. John C. Calhoun e. John C. Fr mont

Q: Who questioned President Polks right to declare war by introducing a resolution to Congress requesting that the president specify the precise spot where blood had first been shed? a. Daniel Webster b. John C. Calhoun c. Stephen Douglas d. Abraham Lincoln e. Charles Sumner

Q: When Democrats demanded the reannexation of Texas in 1844, they a. implied that Texas had once been part of the United States through the Louisiana Purchase. b. were consciously appealing to northern Whigs. c. were seeking to take the slavery issue out of the presidential campaign. d. neglected to say anything about the status of Oregon. e. realized their stand would not be very popular in the South.

Q: Which is true of Texas during its time as an independent nation? a. Tejanos were encouraged to keep their Mexican customs. b. Relations between Anglos and Tejanos deteriorated. c. Catholicism became the dominant religion. d. Protestant missionaries established Spanish-language schools. e. Tejanos owned most of the land and dominated local politics.

Q: Fifty-four forty or fight referred to demands for American control of a. Texas. b. Oregon. c. California. d. Mexico. e. Kansas and Nebraska.

Q: Which was the dominant group in the disputed territory in southern Texas until the 1870s? a. Apaches b. Comanches c. Mexico d. Spain e. the United States

Q: During the Mexican War a. Mexican troops occupied much of Texas after winning at the Alamo. b. the bulk of the fighting occurred in California. c. for the first time, U.S. troops occupied a foreign capital. d. an American revolt in California led briefly to a monarchy. e. Whigs strongly supported Polks policies.

Q: Which is true of James K. Polk? a. He opposed annexation of Texas. b. He defeated Martin Van Buren in the election of 1844. c. He was a benevolent slave owner, who taught his slaves how to read. d. He feuded with Andrew Jackson for most of his political career. e. He is considered the first dark horse presidential candidate.

Q: Why did President James K. Polk initiate military action against Mexico in April 1846? a. Mexico had invaded Louisiana. b. Polk claimed God had instructed him to free his brethren to the south. c. He sought to end slavery in New Mexico. d. Polk wanted to purchase California, but Mexico refused to negotiate. e. The United States was helping Spain to reconquer lost colonies.

Q: Which political faction was most upset when the United States and Britain split territory in Oregon at the forty-ninth parallel? a. southern Democrats b. northern Democrats c. Liberty Party members d. northern Whigs e. southern Whigs

Q: Which statement is true regarding Americans reactions to the Mexican War of 18461848? a. A majority of Americans were inspired by the expansionist fervor of manifest destiny to support the war. b. Ulysses S. Grant led his troops in defecting from the American army. c. Abraham Lincoln supported the war. d. Henry David Thoreau showed his support by volunteering to fight in the war. e. Many northerners dissented against the war because they believed the Polk administrations real aim was to abolish slavery.

Q: Which of the goals of the Polk administration resulted in war? a. reducing the tariff b. settling the slavery dispute c. settling the dispute over ownership of Oregon d. acquiring California e. reestablishing the Independent Treasury system

Q: Which statement is true about the Mexican War of 18461848? a. Mexico was still a Spanish colony when the war started. b. Mexico won the war and regained Texas. c. It was opposed by a significant minority in the North. d. Mexico lost the war but ceded only about 10 percent of its territory in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. e. The war is largely forgotten in Mexico.

Q: Why did Mississippi politician Jefferson Davis object in the 1850s to the original design of the Statue of Freedom that now adorns the U.S. Capitol dome? a. He disliked the fact that the sculptor was a former slave, thus suggesting that blacks were as gifted as whites. b. The use of a soldier as the key figure made the nation appear too militaristic. c. It portrayed Freedom as a nude woman, which he saw as inappropriate. d. Its use of an ancient Roman liberty cap on Freedom raised a touchy matter about slaves longing for freedom. e. He believed using freedom in the statues name was a subtle attack on slave states, so he preferred using justice instead.

Q: Which is true of the Texas revolt? a. It resulted in the creation of the independent Republic of Texas. b. It was the first time that the U.S. Army fought on foreign soil. c. The battle for the Alamo was a surprising Mexican defeat. d. It consisted of sporadic but vicious battles between American and Tejano settlers. e. It was sparked by the Mexican government seizing the slaves of American settlers.

Q: In the early 1840s, a large increase in the migration of American settlers west of the Mississippi River was sparked by a. the abolition of slavery in the Deep South. b. Indian tribes regaining land east of the Mississippi River. c. the economic depression that began in 1837. d. a widespread rejection of the concept of manifest destiny. e. Mexicos sale of California to the United States in 1840.

Q: What was a source of conflict between the Mexican government and American settlers in Texas in the 1820s and 1830s? a. Mexico had abolished slavery, but many American settlers were practicing slavery in Texas. b. The number of Tejanos in Texas was increasing faster than the number of American settlers. c. The settlers were abolitionists, but Mexico legalized slavery. d. Mexico would not allow American settlers to become Mexican citizens. e. Mexico forced American settlers to convert to Catholicism.

Q: Between 1840 and 1845, how did most emigrants travel to new lands in Oregon? a. They used wagon trains. b. They rode in coal-powered trains. c. They traveled entirely on foot. d. They traveled on horseback. e. They used riverboats.

Q: Which did Southern leaders hope to gain by making the Texas territory part of the United States? a. Cotton mills could be built along Texass rivers, decreasing reliance on the North. b. Southern industrialists would gain access to valuable oil reserves. c. Forests in northern Texas could help to revive a flagging shipbuilding industry. d. It would enable a land route to ports on the Pacific Ocean. e. The territory could potentially be turned into several slave states.

Q: By what means did the first Americans establish landholdings in Texas? a. illegal squatting in borderlands that were considered disputed territory b. legal purchase of land, as long as they became Mexican citizens c. land grants to Catholics from American Catholic missionaries in the region d. management of ranches owned by absentee Mexican landlords e. as terms of a treaty signed following the Texas revolt

Q: American settlement in Texas in the 1820s and 1830s a. took place without approval from the Mexican government. b. did not exceed the Mexican population there until the United States annexed Texas in 1845. c. led Stephen Austin to demand more autonomy from Mexican officials. d. included no slaves, because Mexico had banned slavery in its territory. e. was in communities whose American-born residents were called Tejanos by their Mexican neighbors.

Q: Why did slavery become more central to American politics in the 1840s? a. The Methodist Church, the nations largest denomination, called on all its members to free their slaves. b. Territorial expansion raised the question of whether new lands should be free or slave. c. Members of the abolitionist Republican Party, formed in 1844, insisted on debating slavery. d. President John Tylers antislavery policies caused a major proslavery backlash led by John C. Calhoun. e. As the 1848 constitutional deadline for ending the African slave trade drew near, Americans became obsessed with slavery.

Q: President Martin Van Buren rejected adding Texas to the United States because a. the Texas Republics congress opposed joining the United States, preferring to stay independent. b. the Mexican armys resounding victory at the Alamo made him fearful of antagonizing a powerful government. c. the population of Texas was too small to justify it. d. Henry Clay wanted to add it and, as the Whig leader, he was Van Burens sworn enemy. e. the presence of slaves there would reignite the issue of slavery, and he preferred to avoid it.

Q: When Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821, a. it was much smaller in area than the United States at the time. b. California became a major American trading partner within half a decade. c. it was nearly as large as the United States with only two-thirds of the population. d. its leaders founded new missions in California to ensure continued Catholic power. e. Americans immediately began settling in California in large numbers.

Q: With his abolitionist writings, David Walker employed both secular and religious language.

Q: In 1821, the opening of the Santa Fe Trail between Santa Fe and ________ led to a reorientation of New Mexicos commerce from the rest of Mexico to the United States. a. Houston, Texas, b. San Diego, California, c. New Orleans, Louisiana, d. Omaha, Nebraska, e. Independence, Missouri,

Q: What enabled the Californios to establish large cattle ranches in California? a. the collapse of native populations due to epidemic disease b. the American victory in the Mexican War c. the creation of railroad lines linking California and Chicago d. the dissolution of mission landholdings by the Mexican government e. the affordability of black slaves in Mexico-controlled California

Q: The term Californios referred in the 1830s and 1840s to ________ in California. a. Mexican cattle ranchers b. the Indian inhabitants c. U.S.-born immigrants d. any individual e. American merchants

Q: The antebellum utopian communities were largely located in the Upper South.

Q: The Shakers believed God had a dual personality, both male and female.

Q: The question of slavery dominated public life in America from the time of the Revolution until the Civil War.

Q: Brook Farm was one of the longest-lasting utopian communities of the nineteenth century.

Q: Institutions like jails, mental hospitals, and public schools were inspired by the conviction that those who passed through their doors could eventually be released to become productive, self-disciplined citizens.

Q: Although it was an exciting miniature university, the transcendentalists Brook Farm community failed in part because many of the intellectuals who participated disliked farm labor.

Q: Relocating to the colony of Liberia was a dream of most free blacks in the 1820s and 1830s.

Q: Owen promoted communitarianism so that workers received the full value of their labor.

Q: By 1860, all but two states had established tax-supported school systems for their children.

Q: Nineteenth-century institutions such as poorhouses and insane asylums were grounded in a perfectionist ideal.

Q: English writer Harriet Martineau criticized the idea of sending ex-slaves to another country or kingdom.

Q: The American Temperance Society directed its efforts at the drunkards but not the occasional drinker.

Q: To members of the Norths emerging middle-class culture, reform became a badge of respectability.

Q: Residents of the Utopian community in Oneida, New York, practiced celibacy.

Q: In general, Catholics supported the temperance movement.

Q: By saying all humans are moral beings, Angelina Grimk was in a way extending what concept? a. John Winthrops concept of Massachusetts as a city on a hill b. the Second Great Awakening idea that people had to choose whether they wanted salvation c. John Lockes idea that all men had natural rights d. Thomas Jeffersons concept that the United States was an empire of liberty e. Thomas Paines belief that the American colonies could win their independence

Q: Which state enacted a far-reaching law allowing married women to sign contracts and buy and sell property? a. New Jersey b. Massachusetts c. Vermont d. Pennsylvania e. New York

Q: What is the focus of Angelia Grimkes letter in The Liberator of August 2, 1837? a. the economic rights of women b. the political rights of women c. reproductive freedom d. the social roles of men and women e. domestic abuse

Q: The organized abolitionist movement split into two wings in 1840, largely over a. whether to nominate William Lloyd Garrison or James G. Birney as the antislavery presidential candidate. b. the question of abolitionists taking a public stand on the controversial gag rule. c. whether African-Americans should be allowed to speak at mixed-race public events. d. a dispute concerning the proper role of women in antislavery work. e. disagreements concerning the endorsement of colonization.

Q: Catherine Beecher believed that a. women needed to use militant tactics to obtain equal rights. b. heaven had designated men superior and women as subordinate. c. women should not try to influence mens positions on issues in any way. d. only men should be teachers. e. women should petition Congress directly to enact change.

Q: The antislavery poet John Greenleaf Whittier compared reformer Abby Kelley to a. Helen of Troy, who sowed the seeds of male destruction. b. an Amazon, a mighty female warrior of Greek mythology. c. Queen Elizabeth, who had ruled the British empire with such skill. d. Molly Pitcher, the patriotic heroine of the American Revolution. e. Joan of Arc, who led the armies of France into battle.

Q: What prompted the debate between Catherine Beecher and the Grimk sisters? a. Beecher did not like the idea of women taking a lead role in the abolition movement. b. Beecher was proslavery and wanted to extend slavery. c. The Grimk s thought the abolitionist movement was too radical. d. The Grimk s did not like Beechers father, Lyman, who was a minister. e. Frederick Douglass did not support womens rights, which angered the Grimk s.

Q: What was the greatest accomplishment of the abolitionists by 1840? a. getting all slaves freed b. helping free, on average, 5,000 slaves a year c. getting Abraham Lincoln elected president d. making slavery a prominent topic of conversation e. gaining the right to vote for women

Q: According to Catharine Beecher, how were women supposed to influence people on an issue? a. work diligently b. get a college education c. demonstrate peace and love d. learn how to shoot a gun e. show the best way to do domestic duties

Q: The __________ was established in hopes of making abolitionism a political movement. a. Liberty Party b. Whig Party c. North Star Party d. Republican Party e. Afro-American Party

Q: Which view of gender does Beecher describe in An Essay on Slavery and Abolitionism? a. Men and women are equals in the eyes of God. b. Men and women do and should occupy separate spheres. c. Men are actually the more dependent gender. d. Men would be better abolitionists if they adopted feminine tools. e. Slavery is a product of male society and would not exist if women were in leadership roles.

Q: ___ 1. Dorothea Dix ___ 2. Sarah Grimk ___ 3. William Lloyd Garrison ___ 4. Elijah Lovejoy ___ 5. Horace Mann ___ 6. David Walker ___ 7. Elizabeth Cady Stanton ___ 8. Theodore Weld ___ 9. Robert Owen ___ 10. Harriet Beecher Stowe ___ 11. Margaret Fuller ___ 12. Catharine Beecher a. equated slavery with sin b. The Liberator c. Uncle Toms Cabin d. accepted men as the superior e. organized the Seneca Falls Convention f. advocate for the mentally ill g. leading educational reformer h. An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World i. editor and martyr of the abolitionist movement j. Letters on the Equality of the Sexes k. New Harmony l. Woman in the Nineteenth Century

Q: How did men react to the bloomer fashion in the 1850s? a. The paid little notice to womens apparel. b. They thought it was ridiculous. c. They criticized it as dangerously provocative. d. They praised its functionality. e. They advocated that both men and women should be wearing this apparel.

Q: The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 a. established equal rights as the basis of the early womens rights movement. b. was a gathering of mostly working-class women. c. focused entirely on the issue of womens suffrage. d. opposed the right to vote for women. e. affirmed the cult of domesticity.

Q: ___ 1. burned-over districts ___ 2. gag rule ___ 3. common schools ___ 4. temperance ___ 5. the Liberty Party ___ 6. Brook Farm ___ 7. Declaration of Sentiments ___ 8. bloomer costume ___ 9. American Colonization Society ___ 10. Washingtonian Society ___ 11. utopian ___ 12. Freedoms Journal a. made abolition a political movement b. group of reformed drinkers c. Seneca Falls Convention d. New England transcendentalists e. advocated blacks returning to Africa f. tax-supported public schools g. a vision for a perfect society h. area of intensive revivals in New York and Ohio i. preventing antislavery petitions to be heard in Congress j. feminist style of dress k. first U.S. black newspaper l. movement against alcohol

Q: How did Margaret Fuller demonstrate that women could be leaders? a. She headed the Brook Farm commune. b. She presided over the convention at Seneca Falls. c. She was elected to the state house. d. She edited the New York Tribune. e. She lived in Italy.

Q: What was the purpose of the bloomer? a. It was designed to make single women more physically attractive. b. It was functional clothing that made work less restrictive. c. It was made for stage performances in New York. d. It was military garb for Union soldiers. e. It was clothing for religious ceremonies.

Q: The Declaration of Sentiments condemned the injuries and usurpations of a. the Oneida community. b. drunkenness. c. the market economy. d. men against women. e. slave owners.

Q: Angelina and Sarah Grimk a. supported Catharine Beechers efforts to expand political and social rights for women. b. critiqued the prevailing notion of separate spheres for men and women. c. were Pennsylvania-born Quakers whose religion compelled them to oppose slavery. d. publicly defended the virtues of southern paternalism in lectures to southern women. e. delivered many public lectures in which they detailed their escape from slavery.

Q: Frederick Douglass wrote, When the true history of the antislavery cause shall be written, __________ will occupy a large space in its pages. a. newspaper editors b. black abolitionists c. freed slaves d. white abolitionists e. women

Q: The first to apply the abolitionist doctrine of universal freedom and equality to the status of women a. were the Grimk sisters. b. was Frederick Douglass. c. was Susan B. Anthony. d. were Henry Stanton and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. e. was James G. Birney.

Q: Which statement is true regarding women in the abolition movement? a. Most women abolitionists were atheists. b. All abolitionists supported the right of women abolitionists to speak in public. c. Much of the abolition movements grassroots strength derived from northern women. d. Women abolitionists were rarely involved in other reform movements. e. Most women abolitionists were from southern states.

Q: Which feminist expressed the idea that women and men should have equal opportunities to achieve self-fulfillment? a. Elizabeth Cady Stanton b. Lucretia Mott c. Sarah Grimk d. Dorothea Dix e. Margaret Fuller

Q: Dorothea Dix devoted much time to the crusade for the a. immediate abolition of slavery. b. establishment of common schools in the South. c. better treatment of convicted criminals in jail. d. construction of humane mental hospitals for the insane. e. right for women to vote in local school elections.

Q: What contribution did Sojourner Truth make to the womens rights movement? a. She organized the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848. b. She urged a focus on the plight of poor and working-class women. c. She was the first American woman to lecture to mixed male and female audiences. d. She publicly chastised prominent men who visited prostitutes. e. She participated in the movement against Indian removal.

Q: The Seneca Falls Conventions Declaration of Sentiments was modeled after a. the Declaration of Independence. b. the U.S. Constitution. c. Woman of the Nineteenth Century. d. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. e. Letters on the Equality of the Sexes.

Q: The gag rule a. stated that newspapers could not print antislavery materials. b. prevented Congress from hearing antislavery petitions. c. denied women the right to speak in mixed-sex public gatherings. d. prevented Congregational ministers from preaching against Catholics. e. was adopted at the Seneca Falls Convention to symbolize that women did not have a voice in politics.