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History & Theory
Q:
Frederick Douglass wrote, When the true history of the antislavery cause shall be written, women will occupy a large space in its pages. Was Douglass correct? Explain the role women played in the abolitionist movement. Then analyze how that experience influenced the feminist movement.
Q:
Mary Wollstonecrafts A Vindication of the Rights of Woman influenced future womens rights leaders.
Q:
What were the women at Seneca Falls advocating? Be sure to explain how they understood freedom and liberty. What methods were the feminists using to promote their cause?
Q:
The various reform and utopian communities that sprang up throughout America during the first part of the nineteenth century typically understood the meaning of freedom differently from mainstream Americans. Analyze the various meanings these groups gave to the word freedom and compare those meanings with the ones given by mainstream America. Your essay ought to give the reader a sense of what these communities were rejecting about mainstream society.
Q:
The abolitionists greatest achievement lay in shattering the conspiracy of silence that had sought to preserve national unity by suppressing public debate over slavery. Explain how the abolitionists achieved this and comment on how successful the movement was or was not.
Q:
Explain how the religious revivals of the Second Great Awakening popularized the outlook known as perfectionism, which held that both individuals and society at large were capable of indefinite improvement. How did this idea of perfectionism relate to the various reform movements that arose in the antebellum period?
Q:
One persons reform in some cases may be considered an attack on another persons vital interests. Describe how the antebellum reform movementsparticularly temperance, colonization, abolition, and womens rightsinvolved conflict between different sets of ideas and interests.
Q:
The participants at Seneca Falls embraced the identification of the home as the womens sphere.
Q:
None of the women who played leading roles in the womens rights movement in the nineteenth century were married.
Q:
To what extent was Theodore Welds argument about the sinfulness of slavery not only radical but also necessary for the popularization of immediate abolition?
Q:
Do you agree with the assertion that blacks viewed freedom in a different way than did whites? Defend or reject this idea using examples from the text.
Q:
The drop in the birth rate during the nineteenth century is evidence of womens power in the home.
Q:
The abolitionist movement split following the appointment of Abby Kelley to an office within the American Anti-Slavery Society.
Q:
Abolitionists fought for the right to debate slavery openly and without reprisal. Analyze what led them to elevate free opinion to a central place in what William Lloyd Garrison called the gospel of freedom.
Q:
The term Lords of the Loom refers to
a. early New England factory owners.
b. preachers who wove heart-wrenching stories of slave suffering into their sermons.
c. planters who established textile operations on their plantations.
d. master artisans who produced cloth in the South.
e. an influential 1840s novel about slavery.
Q:
Black abolitionists developed an understanding of freedom that went well beyond that of most of their white contemporaries.
Q:
Which two categories delineate the key differences among southern states in the decades before the Civil War?
a. slave and free states
b. New and Old South
c. French and British cultures
d. Upper and Lower South
e. coastal and interior states
Q:
Mob attacks and attempts to limit abolitionists freedom of speech convinced many northerners that slavery was incompatible with the democratic liberties of white Americans.
Q:
Why was slavery called a peculiar institution of the South?
a. It was unlike anything else in the worlds history
b. It had been opposed by a majority of the nations presidents
c. Despite the rhetoric, it was an economic drain on southern society
d. It affected only a small portion of the southern population
e. It set the South apart from the North
Q:
In the decades before the Civil War, the southern states
a. developed larger cities than the northern states.
b. had higher literacy rates than the northern states.
c. industrialized very little compared to the northern states.
d. attracted more immigrants than the northern states.
e. developed a larger public school system than the northern states.
Q:
Dorothea Dix advocated for better treatment of the mentally insane.
Q:
On the eve of the Civil War, cotton
a. was no longer a significant part of the U.S. economy.
b. had been replaced by wool in the New England textile mills.
c. made up over half of the total value of American exports.
d. was harvested mainly in African countries.
e. was primarily grown and harvested by wage laborers.
Q:
Why could someone argue that the North was complicit in the expansion of slavery?
a. Many northern states had slaves at one time.
b. Some slaves ran away to northern states.
c. Some slaveholders were originally from the North.
d. Most in the North wanted to reopen the importation of slaves.
e. Northern factory demand for cotton steadily increased.
Q:
As women began to take an active role in abolition, public speaking for women became socially acceptable to most Americans.
Q:
The internal slave trade in the United States involved the movement of hundreds of thousands of enslaved persons from
a. older states like Virginia to the Lower South.
b. Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi to Kentucky, Virginia, and Maryland.
c. the West Indies to the Mississippi River valley.
d. the Lower South to the Upper South.
e. the lower Mississippi River valley to the upper Mississippi River valley.
Q:
Nearly all abolitionists, despite their militant language, rejected violence as a means of ending slavery.
Q:
What economic effect did southern slavery have on the North?
a. It was minimal at best, which helps to explain why northerners routinely opposed slavery.
b. Many northerners profited from investing in real estate partnerships that controlled southern plantations.
c. A few New York shipping companies benefited from slavery, but the institution had little effect otherwise.
d. Southern slavery helped finance industrialization and internal improvements in the North.
e. Southern slavery drained resources from the North and helped keep the whole nation in a depression during the 1850s.
Q:
Abolitionists agreed with the labor movements argument that workers were subjugated to wage slavery.
Q:
Which statement is true about slave trading within the United States between 1820 and 1860?
a. More than 2 million enslaved people were sold during this time.
b. The states of the Upper South were known as importing states, because of the vast number of slaves they purchased from the Lower South.
c. Slave trading was illegal and took place in secret.
d. Cotton Kingdom states refused to take part in slave trading.
e. Southern states and municipalities did not tax the sale of slaves, because slave trades were performed off the books.
Q:
Abolitionists consciously identified their movement with the heritage of the American Revolution.
Q:
In the decades before the Civil War, the northern states
a. were unaffected by slavery.
b. refused to follow federal law requiring the return of fugitive slaves.
c. refused to do business with the slave states.
d. financed industrial development with money earned in the trade of cotton produced by slave labor.
e. boycotted all American cotton because it was produced by slave labor.
Q:
Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin, when published, went virtually unknown for two decades but then became popular in the 1850s.
Q:
Which is true of plantation owners in the nineteenth century?
a. They frequently broke the law by knowingly buying slaves imported from Africa.
b. They were often first-generation British or French immigrants.
c. They typically supported the Republican Party.
d. They were very public about their ambivalence toward slavery.
e. They insisted that slavery was required in order for whites to be truly free.
Q:
When considering slaverys geographic extent, the numbers held in bondage, and the institutions economic importance, what was the largest and most powerful slave society the modern world has known?
a. the U.S. South
b. Brazil
c. the French Caribbean colonies
d. the Spanish Caribbean colonies
e. the British Caribbean colonies
Q:
Frederick Douglass
a. argued that knowledge was essential to achieving freedom from slavery.
b. spent the whole time he was enslaved doing plantation field work.
c. opposed the womens rights movement.
d. was freed by his enslaver.
e. believed resistance to slavery was futile.
Q:
In the nineteenth century, why did cotton become the most important commodity in international trade?
a. No one country dominated the production of cotton.
b. The early industrial revolution centered on factories that made cloth out of cotton.
c. Europeans had stopped using tobacco.
d. Brazilians had stopped using sugar.
e. There was a wool shortage because Britain had banned sheep-farming in Ireland.
Q:
On what grounds did Frederick Douglass claim his authority as a spokesperson against slavery?
a. He could read and write.
b. He was born free and educated as a child.
c. He had experienced slavery.
d. He had converted to Quakerism.
e. His wife and child were sold away from him.
Q:
Frederick Douglass argued that
a. in desiring freedom, slaves were truer to the nations founding than were most white Americans.
b. the United States should adopt a gradual emancipation plan that would eliminate slavery within forty years.
c. free blacks would be better off if they moved to Liberia, where a colony of former American slaves had been founded.
d. blacks should not serve in the U.S. Army during the Civil War because of the racial discrimination they faced.
e. free African-Americans should let down their buckets where they were and accept inequality, at least for a period of time.
Q:
The U.S. slave population on the eve of the Civil War was approximately
a. 1 million.
b. 2 million.
c. 3 million.
d. 4 million.
e. 5 million.
Q:
What was true of the South and slavery in nineteenth-century America?
a. England did not need cotton from the South.
b. The Souths total population consisted of 20 percent slaves.
c. As it moved closer to 1860, the rate of natural increase for the slave population was decreasing.
d. The amount of money invested in slavery was a small part of the economy.
e. The Old South had developed into the largest and most powerful slave society the modern world has known.
Q:
Discuss the relationship between masters and slaves in the American South. Did masters have all the power in this relationship, or did the enslaved exert some power? Points to consider include paternalism, the size of slaveholdings, slavery and the law, forms of slave resistance, and labor organization (task and gang systems).
Q:
In the nineteenth century, which product was the worlds major crop produced by slave labor?
a. tobacco
b. indigo
c. sorghum
d. cotton
e. rice
Q:
Slave rebellions were rare but important. Compare the slave rebellions (merely planned or actually carried out) of Denmark Vesey and Nat Turner. What did Vesey attempt to do? What did Turner attempt to do? How were these men similar? How did they view slavery and freedom? How did white society react to them, and why?
Q:
Discuss the fugitive slave and the different types of escaping (permanent and temporary). How did whites in the North and South react to runaways? What role did the Underground Railroad play?
Q:
On the eve of the Civil War, approximately how much of the worlds cotton supply came from the southern United States?
a. 90 percent
b. 75 percent
c. 50 percent
d. 33 percent
e. 25 percent
Q:
Slave owners were very successful at keeping slaves from encountering the rhetoric of political liberty or from hearing about the efforts of abolitionists.
Q:
After Nat Turners Rebellion, the Virginia legislature discussed ending slavery in that state.
Q:
One historian has observed of southern slavery, nothing escaped, nothing and no one. What do you think that historian meant by that statement? What evidence can you provide to support that observation?
Q:
Black Christianity is best described as a blend of African traditions and Christian beliefs.
Q:
Despite unimaginable hardships, slaves were able to maintain a sense of identity and a determination to attain freedom. Describe how slave culture aided those endeavors and drove slaves desire for freedom. Be sure to consider African heritage and slave family life, folklore, and religious life in your response.
Q:
Some slaves actually used trains to escape to freedom in the North.
Q:
What made slavery peculiar in the United States?
Q:
The respective Canadian and Mexican governments regularly returned escaped slaves to southern slaveholders.
Q:
For the most part, white southerners defended the peculiar institution whether or not they had slaves, whether they were rich or poor, and whether they lived on large plantations or small farms. Why was this the case?
Q:
All but one of Americas significant slave revolts occurred prior to 1820.
Q:
Denmark Veseys 1822 slave rebellion resulted in the deaths of more than thirty whites in Charleston.
Q:
In the two decades before the Civil War, public debate about the morality and future of slavery became common throughout the South.
Q:
A shared religion (Christianity) resulted in slave values that were very similar to the values of their masters.
Q:
Nat Turner was not a particularly religious man.
Q:
The United States had three racial categories in the mid-nineteenth century: black, white, and mulatto.
Q:
Slavery did not affect northern merchants and manufacturers.
Q:
By the 1850s most southern states had made it illegal for free blacks to enter their territory.
Q:
None of the cities of the South had a significant immigrant culture prior to the Civil War.
Q:
Most white southern families owned at least one slave.
Q:
Despite being forbidden by law to marry, many slaves were able to create a family life on the plantation.
Q:
Slaves frequently named children after other family members to retain family continuity.
Q:
Paternalism both masked and justified the brutal reality of slavery.
Q:
In the southern slave society, white women on plantations were seen as weak and helpless.
Q:
Slave traders tried hard to keep slave families together.
Q:
After 1830, defense of slavery by southerners increased and intensified.
Q:
When not in the field, slaves observed more traditional gender roles.
Q:
Slaves had a few legal rights, but they were not well enforced.
Q:
As a general rule, slaveowners never allowed their slaves to listen to a white preacher in church.
Q:
By the 1830s, it was illegal to teach a slave to read or write.
Q:
Nat Turners Rebellion demonstrated
a. that slaves would be at a fatal disadvantage if they were outnumbered by armed whites.
b. that most slave rebellions occurred in the Lower South.
c. that many southern whites would fight with enslaved people to end slavery.
d. that most white Virginians were inclined to end slavery.
e. that resistance to slavery among enslaved people was waning.
Q:
After an 1831 slave rebellion, which states legislature debated, but did not approve, a plan for gradual emancipation of slaves in that state?
a. Virginia
b. South Carolina
c. Maryland
d. North Carolina
e. Louisiana
Q:
The slave rebellion aboard the Amistad
a. nearly captured a fort in Charleston, South Carolina.
b. led to a Supreme Court decision freeing the slaves.
c. inspired the gag rule.
d. took place off the coast of Virginia.
e. helped establish the Republic of Haiti.
Q:
As the sectional conflict over slavery intensified, southern states
a. scheduled open debates on the topic of slavery.
b. encouraged membership in abolitionist societies.
c. suppressed the expression of proslavery views.
d. suppressed the expression of antislavery views.
e. promised to abolish slavery within twenty years.
Q:
Denmark Veseys conspiracy
a. reflected a combination of American and African influences.
b. took place in 1831 and was a success.
c. reflected the belief of the conspirators that the Bible endorsed slavery.
d. was discovered, but Vesey escaped north to freedom.
e. resulted in over twenty deaths of white men, women, and children.
Q:
___ 1. Frederick Douglass
___ 2. Andrew Johnson
___ 3. Celia
___ 4. Nat Turner
___ 5. John C. Calhoun
___ 6. Harriet Tubman
___ 7. John Quincy Adams
___ 8. Martin Van Buren
___ 9. George Fitzhugh
___ 10. Denmark Vesey
___ 11. Solomon Northup
___ 12. Charles C. Jones
a. southern politician who spoke against the slavocracy
b. led a successful slave rebellion in Virginia
c. favored returning the slaves of the Amistad to Cuba
d. favored returning the slaves of the Amistad to Africa
e. escaped slave who led the abolitionist movement
f. slave executed for conspiracy
g. defended slavery as a natural part of hierarchical society
h. outspoken proslavery politician
i. part of an organization helping slaves escape to the North
j. slave executed for killing her master
k. paternalist planter who promoted improvements to slave housing and diets
l. kidnapped free black who spent twelve years in slavery